Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
Đề đề xuất + keys tiếng anh 10 năm 2022 chuyên nguyễn trãi Đề đề xuất + keys tiếng anh 10 năm 2022 chuyên nguyễn trãi Đề đề xuất + keys tiếng anh 10 năm 2022 chuyên nguyễn trãi Đề đề xuất + keys tiếng anh 10 năm 2022 chuyên nguyễn trãi Đề đề xuất + keys tiếng anh 10 năm 2022 chuyên nguyễn trãi Đề đề xuất + keys tiếng anh 10 năm 2022 chuyên nguyễn trãi Đề đề xuất + keys tiếng anh 10 năm 2022 chuyên nguyễn trãi Đề đề xuất + keys tiếng anh 10 năm 2022 chuyên nguyễn trãi Đề đề xuất + keys tiếng anh 10 năm 2022 chuyên nguyễn trãi Đề đề xuất + keys tiếng anh 10 năm 2022 chuyên nguyễn trãi
HỘI CÁC TRƯỜNG CHUYÊN VÙNG ĐỀ THI CHỌN HỌC SINH GIỎI LẦN THỨ XIII DUYÊN HẢI VÀ ĐỒNG BẰNG BẮC BỘ MÔN: TIẾNG ANH - KHỐI 10 TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN NGUYỄN TRÃI TỈNH HẢI DƯƠNG Thời gian: 180 phút Đề thi gồm: 12 trang ĐỀ ĐỀ XUẤT SECTION 1: LISTENING (50 points) I Complete the notes below, using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer (10 points) West Bay Hotel – details of job + Vacancies for (1) _ + Two (2) _ + Can choose your (3) _ (must be the same each week) + Pay: £5.50 per hour, including a (4) _ + A (5) _ is provided in the hotel + Total weekly pay: £231 II You will hear a radio interview about the Black Death For questions – 5, choose the best answer, A, B, C or D which fits best according to what you hear (10 points) What does the interviewer say about the Black Death? A It has killed more people than any other plague B It is the most recent form of plague to affect Europe C It has been completely wiped out D It mainly affected people in medieval London What did the research Sue talks about involve? A digging up a whole graveyard B examining victims’ bone structure C conducting tests on bacteria from plague victims’ bones and teeth D taking samples from skeletons of victims in various locations How many people are infected by the Black Death today? A 13,000 B 3,000 C 30,000,000 D 1340 What conclusion have researchers drawn about the Black Death? A It’s just as deadly today as it was in the past B It has changed very slightly since medieval times C It affects people in more countries than it used to D It is now much more deadly than it was in the past How did a 50-year-old man contract the plague? A He was bitten by an infected cat B He touched a dead mouse C He was bitten by fleas D It is not clear III You will hear Clare Martin talk about wildlife photography Listen and indicate true (T) or false (F) statements (10 points) Statements T F Clare hast just returned from an assignment in South Africa Earning a living as a wildlife photographer is easy The bird photographer Arthur Morris was originally a teacher by profession Clare suggests working as a travel guide or conservationist to establish yourself She recommend studying creative subjects if you want to become a full-time photographer IV You will hear a restaurant chef talking about his work Listen and complete the sentences Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the recording for each answer in the spaces provided (20 points) Max decided to become a professional chef when he saw his (1) _ cooking His father wanted him to become (2) _ instead of a chef He started his first job in late (3) _ The worst thing about working in the hotel was the (4) _ He went to work in France because he knew a (5) _ in Paris In Paris he sometimes cooked meals for (6) _ and other famous people In his own restaurant, Max always aims to use (7) _ products Max is particularly proud of the (8) _ of meals available at his restaurant He says that everything in his restaurant is (9) _ cooked for the customer On one occasion, all the (10) _ was stolen on his way to the restaurant SECTION 2: LEXICO - GRAMMAR (40 points) I Choose the word or phrase that best fits the gap in each sentence (20 points) If the road hadn’t been wet I _ avoid the accident A could B could have C would be able to D would have been able to In the future _ millions of people coming to this country on holiday A there are B there have been C there would be D there will be You’ll overcome _ difficulties you may encounter A whatever B wherever C whenever D whichever I don’t suppose you’ll go, but _ go, let me know A should B ought you to C should you D ought you Not only _ you, they laugh at you too A did they rob B they robbedC they rob D they rob She _ come tomorrow, but it’s highly improbable A could B can C might D may The ground was muddy It was a good game, _ A even though B though C although D even so He is far _ to understand the joke A enough stupid B stupid enough C stupid too D too stupid I could have arrived in time _ the traffic jam A otherwise B provided C in case D but for 10 It’s starting to rain I wish I _ my umbrella A would have B had C had had D have 11 Deep in the Amazon rainforest live _ who have no contact with the outside world A clans B kin C tribes D races 12 All of the organisation’s directors were present for the last meeting of the _ A board B cabinet C faction D lobby 13 Celebrities feel special when they are surrounded by a(n) _ of loyal followers A brigade B entourage C fraternity D squad 14 The Ptolemaic _ of Egypt ended with the death of Queen Cleopatra in 30 BC A cartel B syndicate C union D dynasty 15 An angry _ stood outside parliament, shouting and threatening violence A cast B crew C flock D mob 16 “I have a reservation for a _ of six The name’s Jones.” “I’ll show you to your table.” A band B circle C party D platoon 17 Millions of people left Italy for the USA during the Italian _ of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries A clique B diaspora C horde D troupe 18 Faye sang in the school _ but she didn’t think her voice was particularly good A choir B pack C posse D throng 19 Sonya tells her close _ everything A comrade B confidant C confederate D counsellor 20 The country’s telecommunications _ needs an overhaul A infrastructure B framework C support D underpinning II Complete the following sentences with a suitable particle/preposition (10 points) Let’s all chip and buy her a gift He brought the business deal through sheer persistence His new song caught right away and entered the top ten the week after its release Don’t forget to bring the matter of the new park at the council meeting Tradition has been carried into our time in many ways “It’s all Greek me,” she said as the professor was explaining the new maths problem She drew the lecture to nearly three hours although it was only supposed to last an hour I wish you wouldn’t fly me like that every time I make a mistake The government have decided to cut expenditure on health services 10 She does nothing but fret her being overweight yet never tries to diet III Write the correct form of each bracketed word in each of the following sentences (10 points) The second time the player was shown the yellow card for his actions during the game, he was dismissed from the field (SPORT) The prevalence of illegal drug in the Philippines is lower than the global average, partly thanks to strict drug policies in this country (TRAFFIC) I later put my shoes back on because shells and gravel made walking on the beach uncomfortable for me (FOOT) She was shocked by the that he was already married (REVEAL) Unlike in the North, apricot blossoms are the of Tet in the South of Vietnam (HEART) They’re an incredibly family You should see how much food they throw away (WASTE) She thinks that with a little she can persuade her husband to change his mind (FLATTER) The water in this area is and should not be drunk (PURE) He wanted a divorce because his wife had been (FAITH) 10 He suffered from constant (SLEEP) SECTION 3: READING (60 points) I Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap (15 points) Permaculture Once you realise that the word permaculture is (1) from the words permanent and agriculture, you are a lot closer to understanding what it means The term was (2) in 1978 by Australians Bill Mollison and David Holmgren and it (3) to a type of growing based on the way living organisms interact in nature The idea of permanence in agriculture means we can (4) land in such a way that it does not (5) the soil of nutrients, something which happens when we practise intensive farming The idea is (6) from new, since one of the basic principles of permaculture is to observe how nature has always done it, before we decide (7) to grow where (8) to organic gardening, permaculture avoids adding anything harmful to the soil All the nutrients are (9) by plants or other organisms, and as little as possible is wasted, including water One attractive benefit of permaculture is the reduction in human labour, an idea that has been gratefully (10) by many gardeners in the form of the 'no-dig' garden, where organic matter and living organisms work together to condition the soil 10 A procured A phrased A refers A breed A defer A far A that A Likewise A provided A adopted B received B coined B points B crop B bereave B long B what B Corresponding B administered B opted C developed C forged C mentions C cultivate C deprive C distant C which C Resembling C dispensed C assented D derived D originated D associates D harvest D bankrupt D remote D who D Similar D presented D acquiesced II Fill each gap in the passage below with ONE appropriate word in the space provided (15 points) Jargon- the up side The reality is that everyone uses jargon It is an essential part of the network of occupations and pursuits (1) _ make up society All jobs have an element of jargon, which workers learn as they develop their expertise All hobbies require mastery of a jargon Each society grouping has (2) _ jargon The phenomenon (3) _ out to be universal – and valuable It is the jargon element, which, in a job, can promote economy and precision of expression, and thus help make life easier for the workers (4) _ we have learned to command it, jargon is something we readily take pleasure in, (5) _ the subject is motorcycling, baseball or computers It can add pace, variety and humor to speech- as when, with an important even approaching, we might slip into the related jargon We enjoy the mutual showing off which stems (6) _ a fluent use of terminology, and we enjoy the in-jokes which shared linguistic experience permits (7) _, we are jealous of this knowledge We are quick to demean (8) _ who tries to be part of our group (9) _ being prepare to take om its jargon And we resent it when some other group, sensing our lack of linguistic awareness, refuses to (10) _ us in III Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each question (15 points) Tattoos in Tribal and Ancient Cultures In today’s culture, tattoos are very popular as a form of body decoration As seen in their prevalence among rebellious teenagers, social outsiders, dangerous outlaws, and many other people, tattoos are viewed as luxurious fashion statements that possess a forbidden attraction – mainly as long as they remain unseen However, some people get tattoos in order to identify themselves with certain groups, such as military units, fraternities, or even criminal organizations, like the Japanese yakuza Tattoos have been used in this manner throughout history by many different cultures in the world In fact, they have always been an important functional and symbolic feature in most tribal and ancient cultures, whether they were used for identification, worship, therapy, decoration, or in other rituals The earliest written records describing tattoo usage date back to Ancient Egypt, from where the practice spread to Crete, Greece, Persia, and Arabia However, tribal cultures throughout northern Europe, the western hemisphere, and east Asia had been applying tattoos for several thousands of years before this, with people in Japan reportedly creating tattoos ten thousand years ago One of the best pieces of evidence of this usage came from the excavation of Otzi the Ice Man, the oldest naturally preserved body discovered in Europe Dating back to 3300 BC, this mummy had fifty- seven tattoos on its body, mostly located on the inside of the left knee, ankles, and legs In China and Russia, naturally mummified bodies that are just as old have been found to bear tattoos in similar spots Based on the location of these tattoos, some researchers speculate that they were part of a therapeutic treatment for bones Ancient and tribal cultures used tattoos primarily for identification, though A person’s tattoo would indicate their tribe, family, or social status For instance, the Norse, the Danes, the Saxons, and other Germanic peoples used tattoos to identify their particular clans The Maori in New Zealand used tattoos to indicate their social ranking In many southeast Asian tribes, as well as American tribes like the Inuit, women used tattoos to indicate that they were eligible for marriage and already married Tattoos were also very common among warriors who displayed bravery and ferocity in combat Chickasaw warriors distinguished themselves with tattoos, and the Dayak tribes used them to boast of the people they killed in battle In later military usage, ancient Greek spies had tattoos that related their military ranks to each other Originally, Roman soldiers didn’t have tattoos However, after witnessing the fierceness of British tribes they fought, Roman soldiers began to get tattoos in order to emulate their enemy’s ferocity Tribes also used tattoos for ritualistic purposes South American tribes like the Mayans, Incas, and Aztecs regularly employed tattoos as part of their religious ceremonies Tattoos were also used in many burial and mourning ceremonies Hawaiians would tattoo their tongues three times to mourn the deaths of loved ones, and Mohave Indians would tattoo faces of the dead upon burial Many tribes applied tattoos to young men and women as a fundamental rite of passage that would inaugurate their adulthood In Tahiti, a girl’s posterior would be tattooed completely black to show that she had reached puberty In Samoa, an adolescent male was expected to endure the long, agonizing process of a full body tattoo in order to be accepted as a man Many tribes also used tattoos as magical symbols and charms In Borneo, an eye tattooed on the hand represented a spiritual guide Burmese tribes used tattoos as protection against danger and pain; Egyptian priestesses may have used such markings as mystical therapies against pain during pregnancy For these groups of people, ritualistic tattoos expressed a link to the spiritual world that was the foundation of most of these cultures In more modern cultures, where mysticism has been mostly rejected, tattoos have found somewhat different uses Officially, many societies have applied tattoos to those who were considered outcast; convicts in medieval Japan and prisoners in Nazi concentration camps are two notable examples of this Through such uses, tattoos began to acquire negative associations Many modern societies harbored religious objections and ethnic prejudices that led them to interdict the art of tattoos in colonies where it had existed for thousands of years Even though tattoos eventually became legal and permissible in many modern societies, they still retain a somewhat dubious distinction, and even today they are generally associated with outcasts, criminals, and impropriety (TOEFL iBT Insider Reading) In paragraph 1, the author mentions the modern use of tattoos as a form of identification in order to A introduce their origins in older cultures B explain their associations with criminals C provide technical details on tattoos D condemn them as fashion statements According to paragraph 2, some researchers believe that the tattoos found on mummies were used to A mark them as slaves B treat bone ailments C begin their adulthood D assist them in worship Based on the information in paragraph 2, what can be inferred about origins of tattoos? A All ancient cultures copied the practice of Egypt B Otzi the Ice Man is the first to have ancient tattoos C It took thousands of years for tattoos to be used globally D Tattoos developed independently in different cultures The word them in the passage refers to A warriors B themselves C tattoos D tribes According to paragraph 3, why did the Roman soldiers begin to get tattoos? A They were inspired by ferocity of their tattooed enemies B They wanted to boost of enemies they killed C They needed to identify their military ranks D They used tattoos to treat their battle wounds In paragraph 3, all of the following are listed as things identifies by tattoos in tribal cultures EXCEPT A marital status B tribal affiliation C social rank D criminal status According to paragraph 4, when did a Samoan male get a full body tattoo? A When he committed a crime B When he needed to heal pain C When he reached manhood D When he was in mourning Based on the information in paragraph 4, what can be identifies about tattoos in ancient and tribal rituals? A They were a luxury only a few priests had B They were an essential part pf most rituals C They were common decorations, not serious D They were only used in the rarest ceremonies The word interdict in the passage is closest in meaning to A legalize B study C prohibit D encourage 10 Based on the information in the passage, what can be inferred about the use of tattoos in cultures? A Tattoos have been critical in identifying criminals B Tattoos have been useful in stopping outlaw gangs C Tattoos represent a sophisticated but rare art form D Tattoos have lost their ritualistic significance IV Read the following passage then the tasks that follow (15 pts) Handle with Care Consider the basics Plants and animals including humans, need food and water to survive These needs are met by the natural resources found in the biosphere of Earth To protect these resources, we need to keep the air clean and the water drinkable We need to keep the soil healthy How we that? Section A The soil that covers fields and farms provides much of the food we eat Human activities such as plowing fields, mining, and building highways can destroy the land Erosion occurs when wind and water wear away the soil Soil erosion and overgrazing by animals eventually can turn rich farmland into desert wasteland So does this mean we shouldn’t build a highway or plow a field? Of course not But it does mean we might consider Earth-friendly ways of doing those things Today farmers plow their fields in a variety of ways designed to prevent erosion They try to limit the amount of water they use for their crops They keep animals from grazing in just one area Farmers also plant trees to prevent soil from blowing or washing away Section B Another human activity that damages the land is deforestation This is the removal of large numbers of trees from a forest Millions of acres of the tropical rainforest biome are cleared away each year When this happens, many plants and animals lose their habitat They may die out or become extinct Scientists haven't even discovered all the organisms living in the tropical rainforest We may be losing species without even knowing they exist Trees absorb and use carbon dioxide when they make food Increased deforestation means fewer trees This adds to the buildup of carbon dioxide in the air and contributes to the greenhouse effect As certain gases in Earth's atmosphere increase, Earth may get too warm Environmentalists encourage careful management o the forests They call for replanting after forests are cut down They support creation of national parks to protect the forests and the animals that live there Shortly before Earthday Day 2000, Pesident Bill Clinton dedicated a new national monument – a hiking trail through the giant Sequoia trees in Sequoia National Forest in California The president talked about John Muir, one of the country's first conservationists He praised Muir for teaching the importance of protecting the environment more than a century ago Section C You wad up a piece of paper, take aim and toss the paper into the wastebasket It doesn't seem terribly wasteful - but it adds up The average American produces about 10 tons of trash in 13 years Where does that trash go next? Much of our trash ends up in landfills They take up valuable land and sometimes pollute the water, air, and land around them More than a third of the trash in landfills is paper Recycling, reusing, and reducing what you throw away can cut down on the need for more landfills In fact, about 80 percent of household trash can be recycled Wastes from industries such as mining, manufacturing, and agriculture also cause problems These wastes are especially harmful if they are hazardous, or dangerous, to humans and other species The United States has passed laws to control both the disposal and the storage of hazardous wastes that may be poisonous or cause disease Section D Think of all the ways we use water Water power supplies electricity for some homes and businesses We drink water and wash with it Farmers use water to irrigate their land Much of the food we eat is either grown with it or caught from it We use water for recreation Clean water is essential to our lives But water sometimes becomes polluted Brush your teeth or flush the toilet The water you use isn't clean any more In some places, polluted water is released directly back into streams and lakes This allows the growth of certain harmful bacteria, which can cause disease We tackle this problem in several ways We send polluted water to water treatment plants before releasing it back into the environment We are trying to use less water in our cities, homes, and businesses and on our farms If we use water sparingly, there is less polluted water to clean up Section E Surprisingly, one of the biggest sources of water pollution is the erosion of land Sediment or particles of soil washing into streams and oceans can kill organisms So by preserving plants that grow naturally, we can prevent soil erosion and also protect the water Toxic chemicals also threaten our water supply Sometimes fertilizers wash off the land They end up in rivers, lakes, streams, and groundwater Groundwater in spings and wells is the main source of drinking water for many people Chemicals in the fertilizers that kill weeds and insects can also kill fish They also pollute drinking water Some poisons remain in the sediment for many years Action is being taken, however, to protect our water supply Farmers are using less fertilizer or fertilizing their crops less often Industries are being forced to pay large fines when they pollute Some have reduced their output of hazardous waste and make other improvements to comply with the Clean Water Act Section F The main source of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels Fossil fuels, including oil, coal, and natural gas, are our main sources of energy When energy sources are burned, sulfur and nitrogen compounds are produced When these gases mix with moisture, they form sulfuric acid and nitric acid Sulfuric and nitric acids in rainwater and snow fall to Earth as acid rain When acid rain falls into rivers and lakes, many organisms in these habitats cannot survive Acid rain damages forests and crops It also eats away at buildings, bridges, and statues Cars and trucks cause almost a third of the air pollution in the United States So walking, biking, and using public transportation are ways to reduce the amount of air pollution The buildup of pollution also comes from power plants and other industrial sources, particularly in cities in the eastern United States To combat the problem, industries can use pollution-control devices called scrubbers on their smokestacks (Winning at IELTS – Reading) Question 1-6 Choose the correct heading for sections A-F from the list of headings below List of Headings i Recycle, reuse, reduce ii Save the trees iii Reduce air pollution iv Every drop counts v Protect the water supply vi Protect the land 10 Section A: Section B: Section C: Section D: Section E: Section F: Question 7-10 Do the following statements reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 4? Write: YES if the statement reflects the claims of the writer; NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer; NOT GIVEN if it is possible to say what th writer thinks about this Scientists are able to keep track of all the species that die out as a result of deforestation Americans produce more trash annually per person than people in other parts of the world One way to reduce polluted water is to reduce the amount of water we use 10 Land and water have different sources of pollution SECTION 4: WRITING (50 points) I Describing a line graph (20 points) The graph below shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between 1940 and 2040 in three different countries Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant Write at least 150 words 11 II Essay writing: (30 points) Write an essay of about 250 words to express your opinion on the following topic: Some people believe that children’s leisure activities must be educational, otherwise they are a complete waste of time Do you agree or disagree? 12 HỘI CÁC TRƯỜNG CHUYÊN VÙNG ĐỀ THI CHỌN HỌC SINH GIỎI LẦN THỨ XIII DUYÊN HẢI VÀ ĐỒNG BẰNG BẮC BỘ MÔN: TIẾNG ANH - KHỐI 10 TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN NGUYỄN TRÃI Thời gian: 180 phút TỈNH HẢI DƯƠNG ĐÁP ÁN SECTION 1: LISTENING (50 points) I Complete the notes below, using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer (10 points) (Test – Cambridge Practice Tests 8) waiter shifts day off break (free) meal II You will hear a radio interview about the Black Death For questions – 5, choose the best answer, A, B, C or D which fits best according to what you hear (10 points) (Source: Close-up C1 2nd Edition) A C B B D III You will hear Clare Martin talk about wildlife photography Listen and indicate true (T) or false (F) statements (10 points) (Source: CAE Result) F F T T F IV You will hear a restaurant chef talking about his work Listen and complete the sentences Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the recording for each answer in the spaces provided (20 points) (Source: Compact First) (elder) sister a (professional) footballer 2001 head chef restaurant owner film/movie stars Local Variety Freshly 10 fish SECTION 2: LEXICO - GRAMMAR (40 points) I Choose the word or phrase that best fits the gap in each sentence (20 points) 1.D D A C C C B D D 10 B 11 C 12 A 13 B 14 D 15 D 16 C 17 B 18 A 19 B 20 A II Complete the following sentences with a suitable particle/preposition (10 points) in off on up Over to out at back 10 about III Write the correct form of each bracketed word in each of the following sentences (10 pts) unsporting trafficking barefoot revelation 13 heartbeat wasteful flattery impure unfaithful 10 sleeplessness SECTION 3: READING (60 points) I Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap (15 points) D B A C C A B D A 10 A II Fill each gap in the passage below with ONE appropriate word in the space provided (15 points) which its turns When whether from Moreover anybody/ anyone without 10 let/ allow III Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each question (15 points) A B D C A D C B C 10.D IV Read the following passage then the tasks that follow (15 pts) vi ii i iv v iii NO NOT GIVEN YES 10 NO SECTION 4: WRITING (50 points) I Describing a line graph (20 points) Suggested answer: The line graph compares the percentage of people aged 65 or more in three countries over a period of 100 years It is clear that the proportion of elderly people increases in each country between 1940 and 2040 Japan is expected to see the most dramatic changes in its elderly population In 1940, around 9% of Americans were aged 65 or over, compared to about 7% of Swedish people and 5% of Japanese people The proportions of elderly people in the USA and Sweden rose gradually over the next 50 years, reaching just under 15% in 1990 By contrast, the figures for Japan remained below 5% until the early 2000s Looking into the future, a sudden increase in the percentage of elderly people is predicted for Japan, with a jump of over 15% in just 10 years from 2030 to 2040 By 2040, it is thought that around 27% of the Japanese population will be 65 years old or more, while the figures for Sweden and the USA will be slightly lower, at about 25% and 23% respectively (178 words) Transcript Part 1: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: Hello, West Bay Hotel Can I help you? Oh, good morning I’m ringing about your advertisement in the Evening Gazette Is that the one for temporary staff? That's right 14 WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: MAN: WOMAN: Part 2: Yes I'm afraid the person who's dealing with that isn’t in today, but I can give you the main details if you like Yes please Could you tell me what kind of staff you are looking for? We're looking for waiters at the moment There was one post for a cook, but that’s already been taken Oh right Erm, what are the hours of work? There are two different shifts - there’s a day shift from to and a late shift from till 11 And can people choose which one they want to do? Not normally, because everyone would choose the day shift I suppose You alternate from one week to another Okay I’m just writing all this down What about time off? You get one day off and I think you can negotiate which one you want, it's more or less up to you But it has to be the same one every week Do you know what the rates of pay are? Yes, I've got them here You get £5.50 an hour, and that includes a break Do I have to go home to eat or You don’t have to You can get a meal in the hotel if you want to, and there’s no charge for it so you might as well Oh good Yes, so let's see I'd get er, two hundred and twenty one, no, two hundred and thirty one pounds a week? You'd also get tips — our guests tend to be quite generous ExN: You will hear a radio interview about the Black Death For question – 5, choose the best answer, A, B, C, or D which fits best according to what you hear INT: Welcome to tonight’s edition of Health: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow Tonight’s guest is epidemiologist Sue Banks, who's here to discuss the Black Death Now, the Black Death appeared in Europe during medieval times and has been the deadliest plague so far - it killed 30 to 50 million people in the 1340s Tonight, Sue will present starting new evidence about this plague SUE: That's right We carried out new research on bacteria from the skeletons of Black Death victims A close examination of samples from 46 teeth and 53 bones has brought to light some very interesting findings! INT: One finding in particular is rather startling Can you tell listeners about it? SUE: Well, I don't want to set alarm bells ringing, but it appears that the Black Death epidemic 15 is the cause of the plague that infects humans today The plague, which is spread by fleas carried on rodents, now strikes around 3,000 people annually, mainly in the US, Madagascar, China, India and South America INT: So does this mean we're on the brink of another epidemic? SUE: Thankfully, no! 3,000 victims may sound a lot, but not in comparison to the Black Death which killed almost half of Europe's population! The study is interesting because it shows that genetically speaking, the plague has changed very little in nearly 700 years INT: Does this mean that the plague is still deadly for modern sufferers? SUE: Due to modern treatments, such as antibiotics, 85% of modern victims survive the plague Medical knowledge and improved hygiene conditions have also resulted in people being less susceptible to the disease These are probably the main reasons why the disease remains in check and no longer devastates whole populations INT: So, what are the symptoms of the modern plague? SUE: They're fairly similar to the medieval plague, really Just recently a man in his 50s came to hospital several days after he developed a very high fever The lymph nodes in his armpits and at the top of his legs were swollen and he had extreme abdominal pain and bleeding These are the symptoms of the Black Death INT: Wow! How did he manage to contract the disease? SUE: He told doctors at the hospital that he was bitten on the hand while trying to remove a mouse from the jaws of a stray cat But we can't know whether he contracted the disease from the cat or the mouse INT: Poor guy… Part 3: Good afternoon and welcome I gather all of you are interested in becoming wildlife photographers, so I’ve brough along some of the pictures I took on two of my most interesting 16 assignments The first was to South Africa, where I went last year It’s probably one of the best places in the world to be if you’re a wildlife photographer! And the second was on my most recent trip to the Amazon, where the wildlife is also amazing I’ll let you see those later, but first of all I’d like to tell you what being a wildlife photographer entails Every day, I get emails from people asking me what they have to to become a professional wildlife photographer Some of these emails come from schoolchildren doing project about a future career they would be interested in taking up But most of these requests come from school leavers seriously thinking about a career as a wildlife photographer Usually my first reaction is “I don’t know!” But of course this doesn’t help It does however indicate that there is no easy answer to this question It is actually incredibly difficult to become more than a part-time freelancer There are so many amateurs flooding the market with really good qualities pictures that it’s very hard to make a living from it Most of the famous professionals in wildlife photography never had any formal training Arthur Morris, probably the best known bird photographer, had been a teacher for years before going full-time into photography I’ve only once met anyone with any kind of formal training He attended a university in England where he did a degree in what’s called Biology Imaging, which also includes photography, filming and drawing And he still ended up working as a safari guide! The best way to get yourself into the profession is to it alongside a job that brings you as close as possible into your subjects This could be as a conservationist or travel guide Then while photographing, you can slowly start selling pictures while your experience and expertise grows After a few years, you might decide that you can give up the other job One thing many people overlook is that, once you are a professional, it’s no longer about taking great pictures because you love it It’s about earning enough money to compensate for all the expenses such as equipments, films, processing, travel, etc This puts quite a few people off But you have to remember that you will not only be marketing your pictures, but, in a way, also yourself So if you’re wondering which subject would be best to take at university, forget about creative subjects and take Business You’ll certainly find it useful Now, if you’d like to take a look at these pictures… Part Max It’s difficult to say when exactly I made up my mind I wanted to cook for a living, because I’d always been interested in cooking As a child I used to watch my parents preparing meals at home, and I would imagine myself cooking something delicious for the family But it wasn’t until my elder sister showed me how to create some really original dishes that I realised I wanted to make a career of it Though she wasn’t a chef and in fact I very nearly wasn’t either because my dad had other ideas He was an engineer but in his younger days he would’ve loved to be a footballer, so when he saw I could play a bit he tried to persuade me to take it up professionally and forget about cooking But by then I knew I was better with a frying pan than a ball, and I didn’t take any notice It would be a while before I actually began work, though First I went to catering college, in the autumn of 1999, and studied there until 2001 Towards the end of that year I was offered work at a hotel in London, and I accepted straightaway That job was tough at first, extremely tough I 17 was working very long hours when I was there and it was always unbelievably hot in the kitchens, but it was the head chef who really got me down He treated us like slaves, and hated him so much I hardly noticed the working conditions As soon as I could, I moved to France Some people were surprised by my decision to that, but I’d been thinking of going to Paris for some time before I actually went And although I hardly knew any of the language I had a very useful contact there: the owner of one of the city’s top restaurants I’d met him when he was staying at the hotel in London, and fortunately he was very impressed by the meal I’d made for him And the rest, as they say, is history I worked there for five years, developing my skills and sometimes preparing dishes for celebrities They included film stars, unlike at the London hotel where they tended to be bigname sportspeople, or rock stars Nowadays I have a restaurant of my own, and our regular customers also include quite a few well-known faces It’s popular with people from both home and abroad, and I have a team of four chefs from different countries Even so, I try to ensure, wherever possible, that all our vegetables, fruits and meat comes from local farms It gives them business, and It makes environmental sense, too In terms of the cooking, I suppose what makes it special is the variety of dishes on the menu, actually, rather than any one type such as vegetarian or fish dishes That’s what I really take pride in, because it’s not something that’s easy to achieve Unlike in many other restaurants, we only cook when we receive orders from customers So to ensure that their food is freshly made, we need to keep all the ingredients ready for anything they might choose from the menu And that’s difficult because there are so many things that can go wrong Starting with deliveries They can turn up late, as the meat did on Friday, or even disappear altogether, which is what happened to a van heading here last July I still wonder what the thieves did with several hundred kilos of fish at the hottest time of the year 18