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Sách mô tả các điểm du lịch ở các tỉnh Miền Bắc trung phần Việt Nam, phục vụ cho hướng dẫn viên sử dụng làm tài liệu thuyết minh
North central VN The five provinces of North-Central Viet Nam, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Quang Binh. and Quang Tri are situated on the narrowest strip of land in the country. This land is a region caught between the grandiose Truong Son Mountains and the ocean. Some say that the position of this piece of land has left its mark on its inhabitants who do not surrender to difficulties or force and always seek truth and knowledge. Thanh Hoa is a rather large and populous province in Central Viet Nam, located where the Vietnamese territory begins to narrow. This ancient land is where the Dong Son culture developed more than 10,000 years ago. Nghe An is a land of outstanding folk culture and traditional festivals which take place on the river. Many great revolutionary patriots are natives of Nghe An Province, including President Ho Chi Minh (1890-1969), the leader of the country of Viet Nam. Many other outstanding revolutionaries and great patriots such as Phan Dinh Phung, Phan Boi Chau, Le Hong Phong, Pham Hong Thai are also natives of North-Central Viet Nam, as well as Poet Nguyen Du (1765-1820), author of The Tale of Kieu, and Nguyen Cong Tru (1778- 1858), a talented strategic thinker who helped the population claim sea-battered lands in the districts of Kim Son (Ninh Binh) and Tien Hai (Thai Binh). In Ha Tinh is a crossroad named Dong Loc, immortalizing the years of resistance against the American. Several significant sites can be found in Quang Binh Province such as Ly Hoa beauty spot, Da Nhay and Nhat Le Beaches, and Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park which has been recognized as a natural World Heritage by UNESCO. In Quang Tri, the remains from one of the most famous wars in history include the ancient citadel of Quang Tri, Khe Sanh Combat Base, Truong Son National Cemetery, Vinh Moc Tunnels, the Hien Luong Bridge, and the Ben Hai River. 1 Thanh Hoa province Area: 11,133.4 sq.km. Population: 3,406.8 thousand habitants (2010) Capital: Thanh Hoa City. Administrative divisions: - Towns: Sam Son, Bim Son. - Districts: Muong Lat, Quan Hoa, Quan Son, Ba Thuoc, Cam Thuy, Lang Chanh, Thach Thanh, Ngoc Lac, Thuong Xuan, Nhu Xuan, Nhu Thanh, Vinh Loc, Ha Trung, Nga Son, Yen Dinh, Tho Xuan, Hau Loc, Thieu Hoa, Hoang Hoa, Dong Son, Trieu Son, Quang Xuong, Nong Cong, Tinh Gia. Ethnic groups: Viet (Kinh), Muong, Thai, H'Mong, Tho Geography Among of five provinces in North-Central Vietnam, Thanh Hoa Province is surrounded by Son La, Hoa Binh, Ninh Binh provinces on the north, Nghe An Province on the south, East Sea on the east with 102km coastline, and Laos on the west. Toppgraphy Topography is divided into plain, coastal and mountainous regions. Hilly and mountains account three quarters of the total area. The Western region own abundant resources of forest products, and huge hydroelectric potentials. The plain is the third largest one of Vietnam. Owing to the cool climate and high rainfall, the province has annual average temperature of 24.50C. Rainy season often begins in June and ends in October. Tourism Located 16km from Thanh Hoa City, Sam Son Beach attracts lot of visitors to relax and bath. Beside the beach, Sam Son offers scenic spots such as Trống Mái Rocks, Doc Cuoc Temple and Mount Cô Tiên. Tourists also like to discover Bến En National Park in Nhu Thanh, Nhu Xuan districts. The park is a complex of tropical forests, hills, mountains, rivers, springs, and Muc Lake. With natural landscapes and diversified flora and fauna, Ben En is suitable to eco-tourism, sightseeing, and scientific studies. Cam Luong Fish Spring is another interesting place in Thanh Hoa, The stream contains thousands of fish that no one dares catch it. Fish in the stream have red mouth and fins, and brown scales, resembling carp. Please come to this place to play with fish, visit beautiful caves and grottos, watch dancing performances of Muong people and enjoy traditional lam rice and can wine. In addition of these, Thanh Hoa is famous of historical vestiges like Ham Rong Bridge, Ho Citadel and Lam Kinh Remains. Lam Son is the birthplace of national hero Le Loi and the starting point of the Lam Son revolutionary insurrection. Transportation Thanh Hoa is 153km from Hanoi, 62km from Ninh Binh, and 139km from Vinh (Nghe An). National Highway No.1A and North-South Express Train run through province. There are National Highway No.15 linking to Nghe An and National Highway No.217 connecting to Laos via Na Meo Bordergate. 1.1 Tourist attractions 1.1.1 Mã River, Rồng and Ngọc Moutains Three sites are situated in the region of Thanh Hoa. In this area, there is a mountain in the shape of a dragon (Rong) playing with an emerald (Ngoc). The Ham Rong Bridge used to join the Rong and Ngoc Mountains. The bridge is connected to heroic stories of the period of fighting against American aggressors and has been listed as a national monument. 1.1.2 Vọng Phu Mountain Vong Phu Mountain is situated 3km southwest of Thanh Hoa City, in Dong Hung Commune, Dong Son District. This is a naturally created limestone mountain that looks like a woman facing the East Sea. This metaphor relates to a legend about a woman who waited so long for her husband that she turned into stone. Thus, this mountain is named Vong Phu, or Waiting Husband Mountain. 1.1.3 Sầm Sơn Beach Located 16km from Thanh Hoa City, Sam Son Beach is an excellent location for bathing. The beach became a famous seaside resort in the early part of the 20* century. A number of villas were built on the beach before the first Indochina War, including one belonging to King Bao Dai, the last king of the Nguyen Dynasty. Beside the beaches, Sam Son offers scenic spots such as Trong Mai Rocks, Doc Cuoc Temple and Mount Co Tien. Doc Cuoc Temple is erected on Co Giai Rock, on the Truong Le Mountain, next to Sam Son Beach. It is a place of worship for the One- Legged Deity. According to legend, a young giant tore his body to fight at the same time a marine monster and enemies on land in order to protect the inhabitants of Sam Son. The local people decided to build a pagoda in his honour on a rock that bore a giant footprint. Built under the Tran Dynasty, the temple has been restored several times. 1.1.4 Trống Mái Beach Trong Mai is located in the Truong Le Mountain in Sam Son Town. Trong Mai is a group of three rocks. The biggest rock is even, lies under the other two and looks like a big platform. One rock lying on the largest one has a sharp pointed head and looks like a rooster. The other one lies just opposite the rooster and looks like a hen. These interesting rocks illustrate the loyal love between the two animals. 1.1.5 Quảng Cư Ecotourism Zone Quang Cu Ecotourism Zone is located in the northeast of Sam Son Town, covering an area of 354 hectares. Apart from a beach adjacent to sam Son Beach, Quang Cu has a system of lakes and ponds to hatch shrimps, crabs and blackish-water fishes as well as green casuarinas forests. Situated in the middle of green natural landscape is the Quang Cu Tourist Zone with houses-on-stilts, bungalows. tents, and camps. This zone is suitable lo those who love the nature, fishing, rowing and studying local cultures. 1.1.6 Bà Triệu Temple National heroine Lady Trieu led the nation in an uprising against the northern invasion in the 3 th century. The temple dedicated to Lady Trieu was built on Gai Mountain in Phu Dien Village, Trieu Loc Commune, Hau Loc District, dose to National Highway 1, and 137km from Hanoi. Travellers often stopover at the mountain to pay their respects to the heroine and to admire the view. Ritual ceremonies are held at the temple on the 21 st day of the 2 nd lunar month. 1.1.7 Hồ Citadel Ho Citadel, also called Tay Do Wall, is situated in Vinh Tien and Vinh Long communes, Vmh Loc District approximately 150km from Hanoi. The citadel was erected in 1397, during the Ho Dynasty. The stone citadel was built in the shape of a rectangle and surrounded by a deep moat. Its walls were made of green granite. There are four gates on each side of the citadel. The south wall had two small Dates. From the South Gate had a stone road le ading to the Nam Giao esplanade at Don Son. Upon completion of the wall, King Ho Quy Ly moved the capital from Thang Long to Tay Do. The citadel was eventually destroyed and abandoned. More than 6 centuries passed since the wall was erected, and only ruins of the South Gate remain. Nowadays, inside the citadel are remains of the foundations of the royal places and two carved stone dragons. 1.1.8 Lam Kinh Remains Lam Kinh Remains is located 50km to the north-west of Thanh Hoa City, in Xuan Lam Commune, Tho Xuan District, which is the birthplace of national hero Le Loi and the starting point of the Lam Son revolutionary insurrection. Lam Kinh Remains was recognized as a historical site in 1962. After Le Thai To was crowned and moved the capital to Dong Kinh (or Thang Long), he had the second biggest citadel built in his native land, Lam Son.The citadel is known as Lam Kinh, or Tay Kinh Citadel. The northern part of the citadel leans against Mount Dau. Its southern part overlooks the Chu River, 900m from which is Mount Chua standing as the front obstruction. To the east of the citadel is the Phu Lam Mountains and Mount Ngoc, which look like an arrow. To the west are Mounts Huong and Ham Rong. The structures of the citadel lie along the south- north axis, resembling the Chinese character “wang” on the hilly area. The citadel is 341m in length and 254m in width. Its northern wall is built into an arrow shape, over 1m thick. There remain vestiges of the entrance and foundation of the citadel, which are found 100m from its front. The foundation is found to stretch to the bank of the Ngoc River, and it is 1.8m thick; 10m from the wall is the Ngoc River, 20m in width. Over it is a curved bridge named Tien Loan, on which there is a small house, 50m from the bridge is an ancient rectangular water well. Then comes a large yard leading to Ngo Mon Linings. Along the entrance to the gate are two stone Unicom like animals standing on rectangular platforms. Their bodies are delicately decorated. Their heads raise high forward in a defensive position. Despite the limited number of vestiges, we can assume that the site must have been a very big structure built by King Le Loi. In this place now still remain several monuments such as Le Thai To Tomb, Vinh Lang stele 1.1.9 Bến En National Park The Ben En National Park was established on January 27, 1992. This natural site spans across Nhu Xuan and Nhu Thanh districts, 36km southwest of Thanh Hoa City. The Park is surrounded by hills and mountains. In the Park stand out some mountains such as Bu Dang, Nui Truong, Bu Co, Bao Cu, Dam and Son. The average temperature during the | year is 23.1°C; the average humidity is 85%. The Park's natural forest is 16,634 ha including 8,544 ha of primitive forest. There are also mountains, rivers, springs, lakes on mountains whose names are associated with legends and ancient tales. The Park's vegetation cover has two types of tropical forest: broad leaf green wood and semi-deciduous. One can find here some rare plants ( lim xanh, cho chi, dinh huong, trai ly) and 870 tall plant species classified into 412 genera and 134 families. Some rare animals such as the red wolf, Tibetan bear, black gibbon, phoenix, and ga tien mat vanglive in the Park. Muc Lake covers an area of 3,000ha in Ben En National Park. This is a favorable environment for the development of fish species. On the upper lake (ho tren), there are 21 large and small islands and a few islets with natural trees; and the lower lake (ho duoi) borders mountains, which have exotic and huge shapes, constituting a breath-taking landscape. Inside the Hai Van Mountain Range are caves such as Ngoc, Can, Doi (Bat) famous for their mystical and astounding stalagmites. People go to the Ben En National Park to relax, to live in harmony with nature, to explore and to study rare animal species. They may have a good time to spend enjoying grilled fresh fish next to a brook. Given its great natural potential, the Park is becoming an ideal destination for those who interested in eco-tourism, sightseeing and scientific studies. The locality has spent much effort to develop infrastructure, tourist accommodations, as well as facilities for pupils, students, tourists, and scientists for the purposes of studies and visits. For the locals, the Park is the first choice for outdoor activities at weekends. With its natural landscape and its rich and precious flora and fauna, Ben En constitutes a great ecological tourist attraction. 1.1.10 Cẩm Lương Fish Stream This site belongs to Ngoc Village, Cam Luong Commune, Cam Thuy District, 80 km west of Thanh Hoa City. The stream is unique because it contains thousands of fish that no one dares catch it. Fish in the stream have red mouth and fins, and brown scales, resembling carp. Each fish weighs from two to eight kilograms, particularly, the big ones can weight 30 kg. In the morning, schools of fish swim in the stream that comes from the cave. They swim back to the cave in the evening. In addition to the Fish Stream, you can visit Cay Dang Grotto, and the Ngoc Village of Muong ethnic people. Please come to this place to contemplate thousands of fish, visit beautiful caves and grottos, watch dancing performances of Muong people, and enjoy traditional lam rice and can wine. 1.2 Festivals 1.2.1 Lam Kinh Festival 22 nd of the 8 th lunar month Lam Kinh is the home town of the national hero Le Loi and his famous generals Le Lai, Le Thach, Le Khoi, who led the Lam Son insurrection against the Ming invaders in the 15#i century. Here, we find many tombstones, temples, tombs, and palaces, which remind us of the different kings, queens, and the royal family of the Later Le Dynasty. Every year the festival takes place on the 22 nd day of the 8th lunar month (the anniversary day of the death of King Le Thai To) at Lam Kinh in the commemoration of the exploits of the national hero Le Loi, his general Le Lai, and many successive Le kings, who recovered national independence from the Ming aggressors and built the country stronger and wealthier. The festival starts with a solemn ritual and a palanquin procession from the tomb to the worshipping temple. After the offering incense rite, pilgrims have a chance to view the whole historical relics of Lam Kinh. Besides, they can watch or participate in many folk games, dances and plays such as 'Defeating the Wu", or “Vassals coming to the Royal Court”. On this occasion, the people from mountain regions of Thanh Hoa Province offer visitors valuable products such as sandal-wood, cinnamon, wood ears, aromatic mushrooms, herbs, and so on. 1.2.2 Dương Sơn Festival 4 th to 7 th of the 1 st lunar month Duong Son Festival takes place to commemorate the important deeds of Le Phung Hieu, a renowned general of the Ly Dynasty. It comprises rice- cooking competitions, sticky rice preparation, cake baking, singing and dancing. 1.2.3 Bà Triệu Temple Festival 21 st of the 2 nd lunar month People come from every comer of the country to participate in the Ba Trieu Temple Festival and to recall Ba Trieu's saying, “I want to ride a strong wind, tread on a ferocious wave, cut the whale with a sword on the high seas, fight and chase the Ngo aggressors out of the country, deliver the people from the yoke of slavery, and to not give my back to be another man's concubine”. 1.2.4 Sòng Temple Festival 18 th of the 3 rd lunar month Song Temple Festival is held to honour the memory of Princess Lieu Hanh, a woman who was raised to the rank of Thanh Mau or Holy Mother. This festival generally has many participants who come to express their respect and gratitude and to ask for blessings. 2 Nghe An province Area: 16,490.7 sq. km. Population: 2,917.4 thousand habitants (2010) Capital: Vinh City Administrative divisions: - Town: Cua Lo, Thai Hoa - Districts: Dien Chau, Quynh Luu, Yen Thanh, Do Luong, Nghi Loc, Hung Nguyen, Nam Dan, Thanh Chuong, Tan Ky, Anh Son, Con Cuong, Nghia Dan, Quy Hop, Quy Chau, Que Phong, Tuong Duong, Ky Son. Ethnic groups: Viet (Kinh), Kho Mu, Tho, Thai, H'Mong Geography Nghe An is a large province in the central part of Vietnam that connects the North to the South. Nghe An shares its border with Thanh Hoa in the north, East Sea in the east, Laos in the west, and Ha Tinh in the south. Nghe An is located on the North East of Truong Son range, with complicated topography, divided by hills, mountains, rivers and streams slanting from North-West to South-East, the highest peak is Pulaileng (2,711m) in Ky Son district, the low areas are Quynh Luu, Dien Chau, Yen Thanh districts and the lowest one is Quynh Thanh commune in Quynh Luu district with the altitude of 0,2m above the sea level. Mountainous and hilly lands cover 83% natural area of the whole province. Climate:The province is located in the tropical monsoon area, directly affected by the South West hot dry seasonal winds (during April- August) and the North East wet and cold seasonal winds (during November- March). The annual average temperature varies between 23oC and 24oC. Tourism Nghe An has enjoyed favourable conditions in terms of geographical location. The province has the national highways and railway, as well as [...]... Nguyễn Du Memorial Site Nguyen Du (1765-1820) is a great poet and cultural celebrity of Viet Nam The temple dedicated to him was built in 1825 in his native land of Tien Dien Village, Nghi Xuan District.The vestiges associated with Nguyen Du and the Nguyen clan scatters on an area of 20ha in Tien Dien Village, stretching from the bank of the Lam River to the border with Dong Cung region The Nguyen Du memorial... special internal tourism places ecologically, historically, culturally, namely National Park of Vu Quang, Ke Go reservoir, Hong Linh Mountain, interests inhering to poet Nguyen Du, monument of comrade Tran Phu - First General Secretary of Vietnamese Communist Party, Dong Loc Road Junction - a monument sticking with glorious victory of Vietnam against the US Then, tourists are able to relax in Xuan Thanh,... site to Nguyen Quynh, Temple dedicated to Nguyen Du, and exhibition room The room displays some valuable objects such as the ink-slabs, plates made of shell Nguyen Du received as gifts during his ambassadorial trip to China, a compass he used for hunting, a wine bottle and cups, and the container of the royal diplomas conferred on Nguyen Nghiem Nguyen Du' s burial site is located in Dong Cung, consisting... geologists, together with SE Vietnamese colleagues, investigated Phong Nha Grotto and a number of other caves The group boated deep inside the grotto and discovered that this is the longest underground river in Viet Nam It is attractive to geologists, hydro geologists and explorers An investigation of Vietnamese and foreign geologists shows that Phong Nha has “seven best” in Viet Nam: longest cave, highest... Quang Binh preserves objects from Bau Tro Remains, Hoa Binh and Dong Son culture as well as historical relics like Quang Binh Gate, Luy Thay, Rao Sen Many places related two resistance wars name Cu Nam, Canh Duong, Cha Lo, Cong Troi, Xuan Son, Long Dai and Ho Chi Minh Trail Transprotation Road, rail and shipping routes are fairly well developed Dong Hoi City is 491km from Hanoi, 94km from Dong Ha,... as any other Vietnamese villages But it is famous, both domestically and internationally, as President Ho Chi Minh's maternal homeland and the place where he was bom and brought up by his mother Walking through a bamboo gate and a path lined with low plums; visitors will see two simple thatched cottages, Ho Chi Minh's house 2.1.3 The Worship House - Mr Hoang Duong's House Mr Hoang Duong, President... doors looking to the main four directions: east, west, south, and north Outside its walls is a trench 18m wide In 1972, during the anti-American resistance war for national salvation, Vietnamese liberation soldiers stationed at the citadel had to cope with American and South Vietnamese armies' huge bombings as eight times destructive as the nuclear bomb the US dropped onto Hirosima of Japan in 1945... axes Despite numerous difficulties, the Vietnamese soldiers still ensured the smooth transportation in this trail Statistical data show that during the 5920 days the Truong Son Trail was put into operation, the enemy launched 800,000 sorties, of which 30,000 sorties of B-52, throwing 2.5 million tons of bombs They launched all together 1,300 operations The Vietnamese soldiers downed 2,455 aircrafts, putting... Son Kim Hot Spring Ha Tinh preserves many temples, pagodas such as Cua Dieu Tower, Huong Tich, Bich Chau, Yen Lac pagodas, Tam Lang, Chieu Trung temples Coming there, visitor do not forget make tour to some of handicrafts villages such as Van Cham, Minh Long iron, Duc Lam cooper, Cam Trang pottery, Thai Yen wood, Ha silt, Ho cloth Apart of that, tourists can follow National Road No 8 passing Cau Treo... population is mainly Viet (Kinh) following Mau believing, Confucianism, Buddhist, tutelary gods worship The province is home of Hai Thuong Lan Ong- a famous physician, Nguyen Du, Huy Can poets, and Nguyen Cong Tru, Tran Phu, Ha Huy Tap, Ngo Duc Ke Transportation The transportation is convenient with National Highway No 1A and Thong Nhat Express Train crossing the province There is Keo Nua Border Gate linking