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Importing countries ~ Exporting countries, according to ALOP (Theo Hiệp định SPS, mức độ bảo vệ phù hợp (ALOP) là mức độ bảo vệ mà quốc gia thành viên WTO cho là phù hợp để bảo vệ đời sống hay sức khỏe con người cũng như động thực vật trong phạm vi lãnh thổ của mình.) Các nước TV có quyền quyết định biện pháp SPS, hài hòa với các tiêu chuẩn quốc tế SPS measures not to be more trade restrictive than required to achieve the appropriate level of protection
SPS AGREEMENT Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary - WTO OBJECTIVES ● Recognizing right to protect human, animal, plant life or health ● Avoiding unnecessary barriers to international trade CHARACTERISTIC Allows countries to set their own food safety and animal and plant health standard Regulations be based on science Only to protect health Do not discriminate between countries Encourage member to use international standards, guidelines and recommendations where they exist MEASURES ARE TAKEN TO PROTECT Human or animal health From Human life From Animal or plant life Territory of member From From Risk arising from additives, contaminants, toxins or disease organiism in food, drink, feedstuff Plant or animal-carried diseases Pests, diseases, disease-causing organism Other damage caused by entry, establishment or spread of pests EXAMPLE NON-DISCRIMINATION EQUIVALENCE SCIENTIFIC JUSTIFICATION •harmonization •risk assessment •consistency KEY PROVISION •least trade-restrictiveness REGIONALIZATION CONTROL, INSPECTION AND APPROVAL PROCEDURES TRANSPARENCY EQUIVALENCE: Tính tương đương Importing countries ~ Exporting countries, according to ALOP (Theo Hiệp định SPS, mức độ bảo vệ phù hợp (ALOP) mức độ bảo vệ mà quốc gia thành viên WTO cho phù hợp để bảo vệ đời sống hay sức khỏe người động thực vật phạm vi lãnh thổ mình.) HARMONIZATION : Tính hài hịa Các nước TV có quyền định biện pháp SPS, hài hòa với tiêu chuẩn quốc tế RISK - ASSESSMENT: Đánh giá rủi ro CONSISTENCY LEAST TRADE-RESTRICTIVENESS •SPS measures not to be more trade restrictive than required to achieve the appropriate level of protection REGIONALIZATION •Adapt SPS measures to characteristics of area (all or part of a country, all or parts of several countries) taking into account •Recognize concept of pest- or disease-free areas •Exporters=>proof CONTROL, INSPECTION AND APPROVAL PROCEDURES •No undue delays •Information requirements: limited to what is necessary •No less favourable treatment for imports: –Fees – no discrimination, only to cover costs •Procedure to review complaints TRANSPARENCY