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Untitled Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Unit 6 Phonemes Phonemes Ngữ âm học Tiếng Anh (Trường Đại học Ngoại thương) Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any colle.
lOMoARcPSD|18670701 Unit 6-Phonemes - Phonemes Ngữ âm học Tiếng Anh (Trường Đại học Ngoại thương) Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Downloaded by Mai ?inh Tuy?t (tuyetmainqnb@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18670701 UNIT 6- PHONEMES I Giving a short answer to each of the following questions: Which phoneme is being described: “The sides of the tongue are raised and in contact with the back teeth; the tongue-tip may move towards the rear of the alveolar ridge in a stricture of open approximation.” �Post-alveolar approximant /r/ “l” – aveolar approximant, đầu lưỡi chạm lợi, move toward phải trở thành touches – lateral: the air comes out through the sides of the tongue Which distinctive feature these two phonemes /h/ and /ʔ/ share? Glottals: include /h/ and /ʔ/, which are produced by the vibration or closure of the two vocal folds of the larynx - Features of the glottal stop / ʔ/: + Its manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract + Its place of articulation is glottal, which means it is articulated at and by the vocal cords (vocal folds) + It has no phonation, as there is no airflow through the glottis It is voiceless, however, in the sense that it is produced without vibration of the vocal cords Chữa: + voiceless, glottal ficative - Features of the voiceless glottal fricative /h/: + It has the constricted manner of articulation of a fricative + It may have a glottal place of articulation However, it may have no fricative articulation + Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords Chữa: a voiceless, glottal stop Downloaded by Mai ?inh Tuy?t (tuyetmainqnb@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18670701 II Find minimal pairs to illustrate the phonemic status in English of the following phonemes: / ʊ/ and / uː/ /s / and / θ / Full – luke, pull - pool Sink – think, mouse mouth /r/ and /l/ /f/ and /v/ /t/ and /d/ Too – do, hat - had /ae/ and /ei/ /e/ and /ae/ Cat- car, bed - bad / ʌ / and / ɒ / Read – lead, red -red, crowd, cloud Fan – van, fat – vat, safe save Mad – maid, fat – fate, back - bake Golf -gulf, cut – cot, lung - long III Transcribe the following words and find the minimal pairs beak /biːk/ and beg /beɡ/ and peg big /bɪɡ/ and peak /piːk/ /peɡ/ pig /pɪɡ/ back /bæk/ and bag /bæɡ/ and block /blɒk/ and pack /pæk/ beg /beɡ/ bloke /bloʊk/ knit /nɪt/ and 10 peek /piːk/ and 11 plaque /plæk/ and neat /niːt/ pick /pɪk/ lack /læk/ half long Voiceless k cần kí hiệu âm b k để devoicing Downloaded by Mai ?inh Tuy?t (tuyetmainqnb@gmail.com) black /blæk/ and block /blɒk/ bug /bʌɡ/ and pug /pʌɡ/ 12 pray /preɪ/ and gray /ɡreɪ/ lOMoARcPSD|18670701 L bị devoiced trc plosive stop Trên 11 k có aspiration có voicing “l” r 12 r đứng trc voiceless stop nên “r” bị devoiced IV Transcribe the following words and sentences phonetically Pleasure [ˈpl̥eʒə(r)] Clean [kl̥i:n] đ Retreat [riˈtriˑt̥] r bị devoiced – thêm dấu tròn Note [nəʊ̆t]̥ White [wait̥] Downloaded by Mai ?inh Tuy?t (tuyetmainqnb@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18670701 Bitten [b̥iɾn] Farm [fa:rm] Sadden [ˈsædn] A big bag full of gold [ə big bæg̥ fʊl əvv gəʊld̥ ] B thuộc big k bị devoiced trc âm voiced B thuộc bag tương tự, trc sau voiced sound G thuộc gold tương tự Dark l: vị trí word-final or before consonant – chữ l có dấu ngã Light l: before vowels 10 She looked quite young [ʃi: l̥ʊkt ̆ kwait̥ jʌŋ] Kw k aspiration từ Downloaded by Mai ?inh Tuy?t (tuyetmainqnb@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18670701 Vì k aspiration + w voicing kết hợp devoicing 11 Betty cried as she left the plane [b̥eɾi kraied æz ʃi: left̥ ðə pʰlein] Downloaded by Mai ?inh Tuy?t (tuyetmainqnb@gmail.com)