TÀI LIỆU ƠN THI VÀO 10 A. CÁC THÌ: @ Lý thuyết: 1. Simple present tense:(thì hiện tại đơn) Hình thức: I / we / you / they + inf. He / She / It + Vs/es * Thêm “es” vào những động từ có tận cùng là: ch, sh, s, x, z, o To be: I + am … We / you / they + are … He / she / it + is … Cách dùng: _ Dùng để diễn tả thói quen hoặc sự việc xảy ra thường xuyên ở hiện tại. (Trong câu thường có các trang từ như: always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, generally, regularly, every day/week/month/year… once, twice, three times… a day/week…) Ex: We come to school on time every day. My mother always gets up early. _ Dùng để diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên, một chân lý, các phong tục tập qn, các hiện tượng tự nhiên. Ex: The earth moves around the sun. 2. Present progressive tense: (thì hiện tại tiếp diễn) Hình thức: S + is/am/are + V-ing Cách dùng: Dùng để diễn tả sự việc đang xảy ra ở hiện tại (trong câu thường có các trạng từ như: now, at present, at the moment…) Ex: My father is planting flowers in the garden now. Note: một số động từ sau khơng được dung ở thì HTTD mà dùng HTĐ như: be, see, hear, feel, know, like, hate, want, need, love, prefer, test, remember, forget, believe, seem … 3. Simple past tense: (thì quá khứ đơn) Hình thức: S + V 2/ ed S + didn’t + V 1 (Wh-) + Did + S +V 1 ? Cách dùng: - Dùng để diễn tả sự việc đã xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ. (Trong câu thường có các trạng từ như: ago, yesterday, last night/week/month/year… in + past year) Ex: I visited my old teachers yesterday. My mother bought this shirt last month. - Một chuỗi hành động nối tiếp nhau xảy ra trong q khứ. EX: When I heard a knock at the door last night, I walked to the door and opened the door, I saw my cousin, I said hello to him and asked him to come in. 4. Past progressive tense: (thì quá khứ tiếp diễn) Hình thức: S + Were/Was + V-ing Cách dùng: _ Dùng để diễn tả sự việc đang xảy ra vào một thời điểm xác đònh trong quá khứ. Ex: What were you doing at one o’clock yesterday afternoon? _ Dùng để diễn tả sự việc đang diễn ra ở q khứ thì một sự việc q khứ khác xảy ra. (sự việc đang diễn ra ta dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn, sự việc quá khứ khác ta dùng thì quá khứ đơn.) Ex: I met my friend when I was coming back home from school. _ Dùng để diễn tả hai hành động cùng xảy ra một lúc ở quá khứ. (thường trong câu sử dụng từ nối: while, when) Ex: Nam was reading a book while his father was watching TV. 5. Present perfect tense: (thì hiện tại hoàn thành) 1 Hình thức: S + Have/Has + Past Participle (V 3/ed ) Cách dùng: _ Dùng để diễn tả sự việc đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng không xác đònh được thời điểm, hoặc kết quả còn lien quan đến hiện tại. Ex: I have already seen this play. He has lost his keys. (He can’t get into his house now.) _ Dùng để diển tả sự việc vừa mới xảy ra. Ex: My father has just come home from Paris. _ Dùng để diễn tả sự việc bắt đầu ở quá khứ mà còn tiếp tục đến hiện tại. Ex: They have lived here for 5 years. My sister has been sick since yesterday. • Chú ý: + Trong câu thường có các giới từ: For (dùng để chỉ khoảng thời gian) Since (dùng để chỉ mốc thời gian) + Trong câu thường có “just, already, never, ever” đứng trước V 3/-ed + “lately, recently, before” đứng cuối câu. + “so far = until now = up to now = up to the present = so on (nghĩa là cho đến bây giờ) đứng đầu hoặc cuối câu. “This/ it is the first/ second/ …time, +S +have/has v3/ed several times, many times, …”. + Trong câu cũng thường gặp trạng từ “Yet”. Trạng từ “Yet” thưòng được đặt ở cuối câu và chỉ được sử dụng trong câu hỏi và câu phủ đònh nhằm nhấn mạnh ý nghĩa của câu. 6. Simple future tense: (thì tương lai đơn) Hình thức: S + Will/Shall + Bare infinitive Cách dùng: - Thì tương lai đơn dùng để diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong tương lai, khơng có dự định trước hoặc hành động quyết định ngay lúc nói, EX: She won’t go there tomorrow. Chú ý: - Khơng dùng thì tương lai đơn trong mệnh đề thời gian: I will meet her before she will leave here. → leaves - Will/ shall còn dùng sau các động từ như hope, believe, think, wish, be sure, be afraid, … EX: I hope I will pass the examination. Lưu ý: - “Will” được dùng cho tất cả các chủ ngữ nhưng “Shall” chỉ được dùng cho “I” và “we” 7. The near future. (Thì tương lai gần) be going to inf S + am/ is/ are + going to + V 1 + Cách dùng: Dùng để diễn tả hành sắp xảy ra mà hiện tượng của nó đã xuất hiện ở hiện tại hay một hành động tương lai có dự định trước. EX: Look at those clouds! It is going to rain - Khơng dùng thì tương lai đơn gần với động từ di chuyển go, come…: I’m glad because I am going to go to the cinema tonight. → am going @ BÀI TẬP: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense: 1. Mr.Tuan always (go) ……………………………………… to work by bus. 2. We (start) ………………………………………………… our new school year last month. 2 3. She (receive) ………………………………………… her pen pal’s letter this morning. 4. It (not rain) ………………………………………………. in the dry season. 5. Lan (take) ………………………………………… her younger brother to the zoo last Sunday. 6. I (live) …………………………………………………… here since I was born. 7. They (give) ……………………………………… me the letter a few minutes ago. 8. When I saw him, he (sit) ………………………………………………. asleep in a chair. 9. What you (do) ………………………………………………… at 7 p.m yesterday? 10. My brother (write) …………………………………………… several plays. 11. We (learn) ………………………………………………… English now. 12. He (write) ………………………………………………… a long novel at present. 13. Why didn’t you listen while I (speak) …………………………………………… to you? 14. Where are you? – I’m upstairs. I (have) …………………………………………… a bath. 15. You (have) …………………………………………………… breakfast yet? 16. My little sister (drink) ……………………………………………… milk every day. 17. The doctor sometimes (return) …………………………………………… home late. 18. They (have) …………………………………………… lunch in the cafeteria now. 19. They often (thank) ………………………………………… me for what I do for them. 20. His uncle (teach) ………………………………………… English in our school five years ago. 21. They (not go) ………………………………………………… to the movies last Sunday. 22. You (find) ……………………………………………… my pen yesterday? 23. The light (go) ………………………… out when we (study) …………………………….our lesson. 24. There (be) ……………………………… an English class in this room tomorrow evening. 25. They (paint) ………………………………………………… the school gate when we came. 26. They (build) ………………………………………… a new school in this area next year. 27. My brother (work) …………………………………………… in this factory for many years. 28. The children (play) ………………………………………… soccer at 4 o’clock yesterday. 29. I (see) ………………………………………………… Nga at the bus stop every morning. 30. What you (do) ………………………………………………………… last night? 31. It (be) ……………………….… often hot in the summer. 32. My mother went to the supermarket yesterday, but she (not buy) ……….………. anything. 33. Nam and Ba (play) ……………………………. soccer at present. 34. My family (go) ………………….…………. Da Lat next summer. 35. I’d like (tell) …………… ………… you something about my family. 36. She needs (eat) ………….…………. a lot of vegetables and fruit. 37. Please don’t make so much noise. I (study)…………………………… 38. The water (boil) ……………………………at 100 degrees Celsius. 39. Look! Somebody (climb) ……………………up that tree over there. 40. I (not see) ……………………………………her since last week. 41. How long you (know) …………………………………. Tom? 42. Hoa (burn) ……………………her hand when she (cook) ……………… ……. The dinner. 43. While we (cross) ……………….….the street, the policeman (shout) ………… …….at us. 44. What you (do) ………………………………at this time yesterday? 45. I hope it (not rain) ……………………when we (start) ………………….early tomorrow. 46. My sister (play) ………………………the piano since she (be) ………………….a child. 47. I (never forget) ……………………….what you (just tell) ………………………….me. 48. He (leave) ………….home two weeks ago and we (not hear) ………………from him since. 49. She (win) ……………………….the gold medal in 2004. 50. While you (play) ………………… the guitar, I (write) …………………….a letter. 3 G. WISH SENTENCES: - Dùng để diễn tả những ước muốn, những điều không có thật ở hiện tại. Hình thức: S + WISH / WISHES + S + V2/V-ed / were - Dùng để diễn tả những ước muốn, những điều không có thật ở tương lai. Hình thức: S + WISH / WISHES + S + WOULD + INF * Ghi c hú: “Past Subjunctive” được gọi là quá khứ bàng thái và được dùng như thì quá khứ đơn. Với động từ “To be” ta dùng “were” cho tất cả các chủ ngữ. Ex: He wishes he were a doctor. I wish I could speak English fluently. Bài tập: * Write sentences beginning with “I wish…” 1. I don’t have time to study. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. I can’t answer the questions. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. My younger brothers play in the street all day. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. We are not living in London. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. Nga is not here. ……………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. They don’t stay in Da Lat. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7. Mai doesn’t know many people in the town. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. I’m sorry I can’t go to the party. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. Her work isn’t going well. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10. They will leave France next week. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11. I’m sorry he gets up so late. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 12. It’s a pity we don’t know where we are. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13. It’s a pity we haven’t a knife. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14. I’m sorry I don’t know where you are staying. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15. Nga may make a lot of mistakes. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16. My family has to move to Lang Son. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 17. I’m sorry I can’t help you. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 18. The students keep talking all the time. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 19. The tickets are too expensive. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 20. I’m sorry my friends are poor. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 21. I speak English badly. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 22. He can’t swim as well as his friends. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 23. She has to work on Sunday every week. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 24. They are afraid of ghosts and monsters. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 25. I don’t know much about him. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… C. THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG: (passive voice) QUI TẮC CHUNG: S + BE + (BEING) + V3/ed + (BY OBJECTIVE) Cách biến đổi chung: S + V + O S + BE + V3/ed + (by O) * CÁCH BIẾN ĐỔI CHO TỪNG THÌ: I. Present simple tense: (thì hiện tại đơn) S + V + O 4 S + is/am/are + V3/ed + (By O) Ex: I see Nga at the bus stop every day. Nga is seen at the bus stop (by me) every day. II. Present progressive tense: (thì hiện tại tiếp diễn) S + V + O S + is/am/are +being + V3/ed + (By + O) Ex: He is asking me a lot of questions. I am being asked a lot of questions. III. Simple past: (qúa khứ đơn) S + V + O S + Were / Was + V3/ed + (By O) Ex: My mother wrote that letter. That letter was written by my mother. IV. Past progressive: (quá khứ tiếp diễn) S +V+ O S + Were/Was +Being + V3/ed + (By O) Ex: She was doing her homework at that time. Her homework was being done at that time. V. Present perfect: (hiện tại hoàn thành) S + V + O S + Have/has + Been + V3/ed + (By O) Ex: She has given me some presents on my birthday. I have been given some presents on my birthday. VI. Model verbs: (will/shall/can/must/have to/ …) S + V + O S + Modal verb + BE-inf + V3/ed + (By O) Ex: My friend can answer the questions. The questions can be answered by my friend. Chú ý: Các tân ngữ “me, you, him, her, them, us, people, someone, …” ta nên bỏ khỏi câu bò động nếu không muốn nêu rỏ tác nhân. Ghi chú: - Tân ngữ trong câu bò động ta phải đặt sau phó từ chỉ nơi chốn và trước phó từ chỉ thời gian. - Sau các động từ khiếm khuyết thì động từ “To Be” luôn luôn nguyên mẫu. Bài tập: Turn into the passive voice: 1. The teacher explains the lesson. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. Mrs. Green is cooking the food in the kitchen. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. These boys made that noise. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 4. People speak English all over the world. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. I gave him back the money last Sunday. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. Nga can’t do these exercises quickly. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7. They have to pay the bill before the first of the month. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. They will ask you some questions. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. Somebody has locked the box and I can’t open it. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10. I want you to do this work now. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11. He shouldn’t do that silly thing. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 12. Nam does some exercises every day. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13. The new teacher teaches English. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14. They have not used that machine for ages. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15. She has eaten all the eggs. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… EXERCISES FOR REVISION 1 I. Choose the best answer. I was very impressed the efficiency of the staff. (on / by / to) This report is divided two parts. (with / in / into) Lan and Maryam are pen pals. They twice a month. (comprise / touch / correspond) Can you tell me how many chapters this book consists ? (of / in / with) Maryam was really by the beauty of Ha Noi. (impress / impressed / impression) The United States has a of around 250 million. (area / climate / population) 9. Mary write to me last year. (uses to / used to / was used to) 10. Millions of Christmas cars last month. (were sent / sent / are sent) 11. It’s dangerous in this river. (swim / to swim / swimming) 12. I English here since 1997. (teach / taught / have taught) 13. Vietnamese women prefer to wear modern clothing work. (in / to / at) 14. The Ao dai is the dress of Vietnamese women. (casual / beautiful / traditional) 15. I wish Lan harder for her examination. (work / works / worked) 16. What were you doing when he ? (coming/ comes / came) 17. He made a deep on the members of his speaking English club. (impress / impression/ impressed) 18. A lot of come to Van Mieu every day. (visitor / visitors / visiting) 19.The Smiths enjoyed the atmosphere in Vietnam. (peace / peaceful / peaceful) 20. Hanoi is not from Kuala Lumpur. (difference / different / differently) 21. We went to see many places in Hanoi last year. (famous / famously / famousness) 22. The language in Malaysia is Bahasa Malaysia. (nation / national / nationality) 23. In Malaysia, is free. (education / educate/ educational) 24. It’s very kind you to say so! (in / on / for / of) III. Match column A with column B. A B 6 1. pen pal a. the system of money used in a country. 2. climate b. someone who you regularly write friendly letter to but have not met. 3. currency c. that you can choose or not choose. 4. divide d. that must be done by law, rules. 5. optional e. the regular pattern of weather conditions. 6. compulsory f. to stop being toghether, separate. Answer: 1…… , 2 … , 3… , 4……, 5 , 6 IV. Supply the correct verb form. 1. We ……………… … ( study ) English since 2000. 2. I wish they ……… …………( be ) here now. 3. We used to (walk) to school. 4. Wearing uniforms (make) students feel equal in many ways. 5. This school (build) 15 years ago. 6. When I arrived home last night, my mother (watch) TV. V. Rewrite the sentences. 1. My father smoked a lots a year ago, but now he doesn’t smoke any more. > My father used 2. Lan always walked pass the mosque. > Lan used 3. He finished his exercise on time. > His exercise 4. People plant rice in those fields. > Rice 5. They have known him well. > He 6. We will meet her at the station. > She 7. A new school / build / our village / last year. > A new school was 8. You don’t have time to read books. > I wish 9. You are not good at cooking. > I wish 10. The test is very difficult. > We wish 11. Hoa draws very badly. > She wishes 12. What a pity! You aren’t here with us now. > We wish VI. Use the correct verb forms: 1. I wish I ( live) ……………. near my school. 2. I wish I ( know) ……………. her address. 3. I wish I ( be ) ……………. taller. 4. I wish I (meet) …………… her now 5. If only he (not leave) ………………….here. 6. She wishes she (finish) ………… her homework last night 7. I wish they ( come)………….here last Sunday. 8. I wish they ( visit) …………….us last week 9. She wishes she ( spend)…………… her holiday at the seaside last weekend. 10. I wish the weather (be not) ……………….hot yesterday. 11. I wish I ( be )…………………a doctor when I grow up 12. They wish it ( not rain)………………… tomorrow 13. If only we (not have ) ….……………. a test next Tuesday. 14. I wish it (be) ……………………… fine on the party next week. 15. I wish tomorrow (be)………………a beautiful day. 7 VII. Make a cross on the correct answer A, B, C, and D in the following sentences: 1. We are really ……… by the beauty of Ha long bay. (impress / to impress / impressed / impressing) 2. He made a deep ……………….on the members of his speaking English club. A. impress B. to impress C. impressed D. impressing 3. His ……………… made us happy. (unfriendly / friendly / unfriendliness / friendliness) 4. A lot of ………. come to Van Mieu everyday. (visitor / visitors / visiting / visited) 5. What was he doing when you …………….? (A. come B. to come C. came D. coming) 6. The Smiths enjoyed the ………. atmosphere in Vietnam. (peace / peaceful / peacefully / peacetime) 7. Hanoi is not ………… from Kuala Lumpur (difference / different / differ / differently) 8. We went to see many ………… places in Hanoi last year. (fame / famous / famously / famousness) 9. The …………. language in Malaysia is Bahasa Malaysia. (nation / national / nationally / nationality) 10. I wish Mary ……………….harder for her examination. (will work / worked / has worked / works) 11. It’s very kind ……… you to say so. (in / to / for / of) 12. Can you tell me how many chapters this book consists ……… ? (of / to / with / in) 13. Vietnamese people are very ………. and hospitable. (friend / friendless / friendly / friendship) 14. I come from Vietnam, so I am not used to ………… on the left.(drive / drove / driven / driving) 15. Although we are far away from each other, we still ……………. A. keep in touch B. say hello C. keep together D. keep on 16. Music and painting are ……………… subjects. (option / optional / optionally / optioning) 17. The children are playing …………… in the school yard. (happy / happily / happiness / unhappy) 18. I wish they ……………… here tomorrow. (will come / would come / come / came) 19. They …. to Dalat in summer when they were young. (use to go / used to go / are used to go / used to going) 20. Lan ………. writing to Maryam every month. (uses to / used to / is used to / was used to) 21. The Malaysian unit of currency is the …………(dong / ringit / dollar / yen) 22. Maryam often goes to the …… to pray because her religion is Islam. (church / pagoda / temple /mosque) 23. He ……………… English for 4 years. (learns / learnt / will learn / has learnt) 24. Maths and Litterature are … subjects for children in Vietnam. (primary /compulsory / optional / national) 25. They used to ……………. swimming in the afternoon.(go /going / went / gone) 26. The United States has a ………. of around 250 million. (population / separation / addition / introduction) 27. He wishes he ……………… a pilot. (is / were / will be / would be) 28. I would rather you ………………… the test well. (do / did / done / to do) 29. It’s time we ………………… the bus. (catch / caught / to catch / catching) 30.Nam wishes he ……… Thanh some money for her rent but he’s broken himself. A. can lend B. would lend C. could lend D. lend 31. I wish you ………………here with me. (a. was b. were c. am d. have been ) 32. Lan wishes she …………………Maryam someday. (a. visit b. visited c. would visit d. will visit) 33. They wish they ………………a new car. (a. have b. had c. would have d. has) 34. He wishes he ………………… the exam. (a. passes b. pass c. passed d. will pass) 35. He ……… to see a new film called “ Ghosts and Monsters” last night. (a. goes b. went c. go d. has gone) 36. What were you doing when he ……….at 4 yesterday? (a. come b. had come c. came d. would come) 37. Her parents …………… to Ha Noi last year. (a. moved b. moves c. move d. had moved) 38. Did you ………………….her at the party last night? (a. saw b. see c. seeing d. to see) 39. I didn’t …………… part in the meeting.(a. to take b. take c. took d. taking) 40. Tom ……………… to play soccer, but now he doesn’t play anymore. a. uses b. was used to c. used d. got used to 41. A football team usually consists ……………….eleven members. (a. on b. for c. of d. with) 42. Malaysia is divided …………….two regions. (a. into b. to c. about d. for) 43. Lan used walk …………the mosque on her way to primary school. (a. past b. pass c. across d. in) 44. It’s very kind…………you to help us. - Thanks a lot. (a. for b. to c. with d. of ) 55. I have studied English…………more than three years. (a. for b. in c. since d. at) 46. Nam wishes his father…………here to help him now. (a. is b. were c. will be d. was) 47. Lan can’t swim fast. She wishes she……… faster. (a. can swim b. couldn’t swim c. could swim d. can’t swim) 48. Lan wishes she ………… have to clean all the windows. (a. don’t b. doesn’t c. wasn’t d. didn’t) 49. Maryam was really impressed …………the beauty of the city. (a. of b. by c. with d. for) 8 50. I wish I ……………get good marks for the coming exam. (a. can b. could c. should d. will) * USED TO and GET / BE USED TO: - USED TO + INF - GET / BE USED TO + V-ING I. Use the correct verb form: 1, I was used to_______________________(eat) at noon when I started school. 2, He used to__________________________(eat) dinner at five o'clock. 3, When I was young, I used to_______________________(swim) everyday. 4, He used to____________________(like) her, but he doesn't anymore. 5, Don't worry, some day you will get used to_____________________(speak) English. 6, Lan can't get used to______________________(study) 7, He used to____________________(dance) every night, but now he studies. 8, Adam is used to____________________(sleep) late on the weekends. 9, Chieks is used to_________________________(eat) American food now. 10, She finally got used to_____________________________(eat) our food. II. Supply the correct verb form: 1) What ……………you ………………… (do) last weekend? 2) I ……………………( go ) to the theater with my family last weekend. 3) They ………………… to Maryam’s farewell party last night. ( not come) 4) I wish I …………………………… ( be ) there with you. 5) Lan wishes she……………………… ( speak ) English well. 6) They wish they……………… ( visit ) Ha Noi someday. 7) They…………………………… ( be) pen pals for a long time. 8) I’m used to…………… ( drive ) on the left when I live in London. 9) We used to…………( write) to each other every month when we ………( be) at secondary school. 10) I wish I …………………(not have to) do a lot of homework. D. REPORTED SPEECH: (câu tường thuật) Câu tường thuật là câu thuật lại một cách gián tiếp lời của người khác. Câu tường thuật có những dạng sau đây: I. Câu tường thuật loại câu mệnh lệnh, u cầu: FORM: S + Told/Asked + O + (NOT) + To-infinitive Ex1: “Please wait for me here, Mary.” Tom said. Tom told Mary to wait for him there. Ex2: “Don’t talk in class!” the teacher said. The teacher told the children not to talk in class. Lưu ý: Một số động từ thường dùng khi tường thuật câu mệnh lệnh: tell, ask, order, advise, warn, beg, command, remind, instruct, II. Câu tường thuật loại câu phát biểu: FORM: S + SAID (TOLD) + (THAT) + S + V (V: được lùi về một thì theo bảng chuyển đổi) Ex: Direct speech: “I will talk to Nam,” said he. main verb reporting verb Reported speech: He said (that) he would talk to Nam. Lưu ý: - Có thể dùng hoặc không dùng “that” sau động từ tường thuật. - Một số động từ không thay đổi khi chuyển sang lời nói gián tiếp là: would, could, might, should, ought to 1. Một số thay đổi về thì: + Nếu động từ tường thuật của câu ở thì quá khứ thì phải lùi động từ chính về quá khứ một bậc khi chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp theo qui tắc sau: Direct speech Reported speech Future simple Would + V 9 Present simple Past simple Present progressive Past progressive Present perfect Past perfect Past simple Past perfect Past progressive Past perfect progressive Can/may Could/might Must/have to Had to 1. Một số chuyển đổi khác: Khi chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp sang gián tiếp mà động từ tường thuật ở thì quá khứ thì các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn và đại từ chỉ đònh được chuyển đổi theo qui tắc sau: Direct speech Reported speech This That/the These Those/the Here There Now Then/at once Today That day Tomorrow The following day / the next day Tonight That night Yesterday The day before / the previous day Ago Before Ex: Direct speech: “I’m leaving here tomorrow,” said Mai. Reported speech: Mai said (that) she was leaving there the next day. III. Câu tường thuật loại câu hỏi : 1. Yes / No question: + Với câu hỏi Có hay Không khi đổi sang câu tường thuật ta phải sử dụng “if” hoặc “whether”. Hình thức: S + Asked (O) Wanted to know Wondered (tự hỏi) + if/whether +S +V (V: được lùi về một thì theo bảng chuyển đổi) Ex: Direct speech: “Are you angry?” he asked. Reported speech: He asked (me) if/whether I was angry. 2. WH-question: + Với câu hỏi có “từ hỏi” khi đổi sang câu tường thuật ta không được dùng “if” hoặc “whether” mà phải dùng lại chính từ hỏi đó. FORM: S + ASKED + O + WH- + S + V (V: được lùi về một thì theo bảng chuyển đổi) Ex: Direct speech: “Where do you come from?” Mai asked. Reported speech: Mai asked me where I came from. Lưu ý: + Nếu đôïng từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại thì thì của động từ chính được giữ nguyên khi chuyển lời nói trực tiếp sang gián tiếp. Ex: Direct speech: “I’m arriving at about 6.00,” says she. 10 [...]... can) 105 He wishes he…… … the karate champion in the future (will become, would become, became, becomes) 106 I will see you … … Sunday morning (in, at, till, on) 107 We won’t have a break … … noon (in, till, to, between) 108 Lan failed the exam, … … she was very sad, (so, since, because, but ) 109 We … … at the bus- stop and took a bus to the countryside (gathered, collected, saw, completed) 110 On... whose) 103 Tonardoes are …………………………………storm which pass overland below a thunderstorm ( a funnel – shape / circle – shape / tropical / snow) 104 Thuy’s grandmother turned the TV………………… to see the weather forecast ( off/ up /on / down) 105 It’s late It’s time for us ……………… home ( go / going /to go / went) 106 I think we should …….a shower instead of a bath to save energy ( took / taking / taken / take) 107 ... think about…………………………………….……………….…….? 7-What do you think about traveling to Dalat?  I think we should……………………………… …….……… 8-He likes to go for a walk  He enjoys……………………………………………………… ………… …… 9-I love to watch TV  I am interested in…………………………………………………………………… 10- We started playing volleyball 2 months ago  We have…………………………………………… …… … I-Prepositions : 1-He has an appointment ……………7p.m and 10p.m... job though I had all the necessary qualification Sau in spite of/despite chúng ta dùng một danh từ hay một đại từ(this/that/what) ex: In spite of what I said yesterday, I still love you (cho dù hơm qua anh có nói gì đi nữa,thì anh vẫn u em) Despite tương đưong với in spite of ex: She isn't well but despite this she go to work (cơ ấy khơng được khỏe mặc dù vậy cơ ấy vẫn đi làm) Bạn có thể nói:in the... would do this work 98 They are dicussing about the celebration ………………is going to hold (what/ this / that/ it) 99 If you use water wastefully, you …………….to pay a large bill ( has / will have / would have / have) 100 Mary loves ……………… in the river with her friends ( swim / swimming / swam / swims) 101 Lan didn’t come to the party because she had to look …………….her brother ( at / for / forward / after) 102 ... you want (speak, spoke, spoken, speaking) 100 She said that she………… learning English with you (like, liked, liking, to like) 101 The government supplied the victims…………………food and water (to, with, on, for) 102 She asked me where I………… from (come, came, to come, coming) 103 What aspect of ……… English do you find difficult? (study, studied, learnt, learning) 104 My parents wish they … … buy a house in... is my Ex: Mr Smith, who teaches math, is my brother brother * M đề quan hệ không xác định là mệnh đề bổ sung, * La mđ cần thi t đứng sau dt nó bổ nghĩa được ngăn cách với md chính bởi một hoặc 2 dấu phẩy Dt này thường la : THE +N * Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định thường dùng sau * That = who/whom/which tên riêng or dt cóù: this, that, these, those, my ,his, * No comas * dtqh “That” k0 được dùng Ex:... bath to save energy ( took / taking / taken / take) 107 We….happier and healthier if we keep our environment clean ( don’t live / will live / won’t live / lives) 108 Mrs Smith has ……………….provided a picnic lunch for us ( kind / kindly / kindness / unkind) 109 She sings very ……………( beauty / beautify / beautiful / beautifully) 110 The Muslims often go to the …………………to pray ( temple / church / mosque /pagoda)... 6 Mary asked, “Tom, who will open the box for me?” Mary 7 The teacher asked him, “Do you think before you answer?” The teacher 8 He said to me, “ Shut the door” He 9 The guide said to us, “Don’t touch this picture.” The guide 10 She sings beautifully She is 11 We run fast We are 12 He is a good dancer... got a pen,………………………………… …………? 44 They didn’t lock their car,………………………………………? 45 Mai can’t speak German,……………………………………… ? 46 You and he haven’t finished this novel,……………………… ……….? 47 This isn’t interesting news,……………………………… ……….? 48 He won’t mind if I use this phone,……………………………………… ? 49 We would tell him ,…………………………………………………….? 50 Her parents are walking on the road,………………………………… …… ? *SO / BECAUSE 19 . optional / national) 25. They used to ……………. swimming in the afternoon.(go /going / went / gone) 26. The United States has a ………. of around 250 million. (population / separation / addition /. PREPOSITIONS OF TIME: at/ in/ on / until/ after/ before/ from…to/ between…and -on+ day/date (on Tuesday, on January 23) - at + a point of time / night/ noon/ ( at 7 am ) - in+ month/ year/ season/. deep ……… on tourists. (A. correspondences B. beauty C. recreation D. impression) 27. Children in this poor village are allowed to go to school without ………. (A. education B. instruction C. fee