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Đây là sách Phiên Biên dịch Thương mại đã cập nhật. Phần Phiên dịch sẽ tập trung vào Liaison Interpretation, Dịch hội thoại, rất phổ biến trong tất cả mọi doanh nghiệp và tình huống giao tiếp. Sách gồm 7 chương, 300 trang, 1 File DVD. Chương 1: Giới thiệu sách, cách tự học, cách dạy Phiên dịch, Biên dịch, Mục tiêu cụ thể. Chương 2: Phiên dịch AnhViệt, học viên học thuộc từ vựng trước khi nghedịch. Có 2 phần: Phần 1 dành cho học viên tự học; phần 2 dành cho giảng viên dạy trong lớp. Chương 3: Phiên dịch ViệtAnh, học viên học thuộc từ vựng trước khi nghedịch. Chương 4: Biên dịch AnhViệt, các bài báo tuyển chọn từ các tạp chí quốc tế. Đề tài chuyên về thương mại quốc tế. Chương 5: Biên dịch ViệtAnh, các bài báo tuyển chọn từ các báo, tạp chí Việt Nam. Đề tài chuyên về thương mại trong nước, xuất nhập khẩu. Chương 6: Scripts của Phiên dịch (dịch nói) AnhViệt, phần 1 dành cho học viên tự học; phần 2 chỉ dành cho GV dạy trong lớp. Chương 7: Scripts của Phiên dịch (dịch nói) ViệtAnh. phần 1 dành cho học viên tự học; phần 2 chỉ dành cho GV dạy trong lớp.
BANKING UNIVERSITY OF HO CHI MINH CITY FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES A HANDBOOK OF CONSECUTIVE COMPILED AND ADAPTED BY NGUYEN QUANG NHAT HO CHI MINH CITY, 01/2016 Over recent decades the explosive growth of globalization and regional integration has fueled parallel growth in multilingual interactions, leading to the fact that interpretation as a profession requires a comprehensive training process Therefore, this skill-based manual is compiled to provide a structured syllabus of consecutive interpretation developed for classrooms in English Department, Banking University of HCMC The materials presented here borrow heavily from Nolan's Interpretation: Techniques and Exercises and Hồ Văn Hiệp’s Interpretation Practice (Banking – Finance – Economics) to illustrate various aspects of interpretation in international interactions, covering an extensive range of theoretical aspects and supplementary exercises with Business, Banking and Finance resources winning heavier priority The audio files are adapted from different sources to serve pedagogical and nonprofit purposes with careful citation and acknowledgements All of them are meant to help coursetakers gain an insight into interpreter training programs, particularly those who might choose interpretation as their career or participate in international and business settings Hopefully, through a combination of theories and steady practice, learners upon their course completion are able to adopt different strategies effectively, and thus enhance their interpretation skills significantly TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I: THEORIES AND DEMONSTRATED TASKS CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW I Definition II Historical background III Interpretation vs Translation IV Codes of ethics 10 V Criteria for a good interpreter 13 VI Types of interpretation 14 VII Modes of interpretation 17 CHAPTER 2: PREPARATIONS AND LISTENING COMPREHESION 21 I Preparations 21 II The process of interpretation 23 III Techniques of listening comprehension in interpreting training 24 CHAPTER 3: NOTE-TAKING AND MEMORY TRAINING 41 I Note-taking in consecutive interpretation 41 II Memory training 52 CHAPTER 4: SPEAKING SKILL 56 I Turn-taking 56 II Timing 57 III Voice delivery 61 IV Pitches and intonation 62 V Suggestions for voice training 66 CHAPTER 5: RE-EXPRESSION SKILL 70 I Key message analysis 71 II Re-expression skill at lexical level 75 III Re-expression skill at syntactic level 85 CHAPTER 6: CULTURAL AWARENESS 96 I Misunderstanding vs misinterpretation 96 II Elements of cultural-specific terms 97 III Problematic issues with cultural awareness in interpretation: 103 CHAPTER 7: PUBLIC SPEAKING SKILL 114 I Objective of the presentation 114 II Presenters and their speaking styles 115 III Audience and their expectations 116 IV The presentation environment 116 V Stage performance 117 VI Coping tactics 118 VII Handling question and answer sessions 120 VIII Overcoming public speaking anxiety 122 IX Practice 122 PART 2: FURTHER PRACTICE 125 REFERENCES Error! PART I: THEORIES AND DEMONSTRATED TASKS CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW I - Definition Interpretation occurs during cross-cultural communication when two parties not share the same language Its usefulness stems from the fact that a speaker’s meaning is not only best expressed in his or her native tongue but also is best understood in the languages of the listeners - (Nolan, 2005, p.13) Interpreting is the rendering of an orally delivered message from a source language to a target language Its aim is to bridge the language and cultural barriers in the intercultural communication - (Wikipedia) To interpret is to communicate interculturally with the message sender and the message receiver whose languages and cultures are unknown to each other (Ren Wen, 2013, p.6) Task 1: Choose the correct answers A university qualification or degree is a prerequisite to this career as an interpreter A True B False When working, interpreters cannot afford to have a bad day A True B False Interpretation can be conducted via telephone in business contexts, in medical examinations and in court trials A True B False Trained interpreters help to bridge the communication gap which is made up of cultural knowledge, power and information as well as language A True B False Interpreters should be treated as a professional A True B False Interpreters just need to practice listening and speaking only A True B False If a speaker cannot speak or hear anything, there is no need for an interpreter since this is an oral activity A True B False II Historical background Interpretation has existed since people used the spoken language The oldest reference dated back from the Ancient Egypt when an epitaph from the 3rd century B.C was found referring to a “headman interpreter” Some documents showed that interpreters provided their services in administrations, trades, religious activities, and in the armed forces of Egypt Likewise, in the Ancient Greeks and Romans interpreters were needed because very few Romans and Greeks learned the languages of the peoples they had conquered Thus, the use of interpreters carried a political dimension in order to demonstrate Roman superiority; their roles were not respected as most of them were slaves or prisoners In some cases, interpreters might suffer bad endings after their assignments The Roman Emperor Caracalla, for instance, slaughtered his interpreters after every allied agreement was signed In Medieval Times, this profession was highly valued as interpreters were members of the courts Besides their role in international negotiations, interpreters were also necessay for the spread of Christianity and trade expeditions They were employed in monasteries staffed by monks of different nationalities, and accompanied missionaries to faraway lands Attempts were made to come up with universal languages without success, and interpretation remained the only effective communication method between people of different tongues The era of great discoveries overseas and expansions worldwide in the 14th-16th century were other heydays for this profession Many empires employed the services of captured natives or those who had been taken prisoners and later released by the natives whose languages had been learnt during the imprisonment These interpreters were essential for developing trade relations between the colonists and the natives For example, Canada had its resident interpreters from the French natives who had settled with the Hurons/Iroqueans During the 16th-19th century, things took a similar course upon the exploration of the Asian continent To facilitate communication with Chinese officials and intellectuals, the missionaries exploited the effectiveness of interpreters The 17th century saw one Greek interpreter embark on an astonishing career – Constantin Phaulcon, who after having started off as a ship’s boy, learnt English, French, Portuguese, and Siamese, joined the East-Indian Company where he quickly advanced to the highest rank, and ended up as Prime Minister at the court of the King of Siam In Europe, whereas French was the lingua franca of the diplomatic world due to its political power, many countries started employing interpreters in their contacts with other countries to show their independence and army power As a result, professional interpreter training institutes came into being Constantinople, for example, set up the Dragoman School while in Vienna Empress Maria Theresia founded the Oriental, and both of these schools are still in existence today In the 20th century, interpreters continued to be used by missionaries and tradesmen, while diplomats up to WW I mainly relied on French At the Paris Peace Conference followed WW1, negotiators requested the use of other languages and ended up employing the services of consecutive interpreters The time between the two World Wars saw the speedy development of international institutions with a lot of high-level international meetings, thus multiplying the need for interpreting services At first consecutive interpretation was chosen; however, this method took too long and extended meetings unbearably Soon efforts were made to develop a new approach that would be less time-consuming and more advantageous for everyone involved - simultaneous interpretation This approach was developed almost at the same time both in the US and in the Soviet Union, providing a direct connection between speakers and interpreters who in turn translate simultaneously to the audience At first, it was not popular with those who feared being condemned to demeaning tasks with a complicated system of cables, microphones, and headsets, repeating word by word without anytime to render elegantly Later on, this new method proved indispensable since it not only cut the time considerably but also reatly improved the quality and accuracy of the message significantly That was the triumph of simultaneous interpretation over consecutive which by now is limited to special occasions such as dinner speeches when no interpreting systems are available or can be installed Machine translation was introduced in 1990s Though it is quite efficient, this method can never really understand language in all its nuances and subtle variations such as the underlying cultures, traditions and social conventions, the characteristics and moods of the speakers, or their implicit intentions, etc Only human brains are fit enough to fully grasp the multi-faceted manifestations of these characteristics in the respective context and render them correctly In short, machine translation is now a useful assistant but cannot replace a human interpreter (http://lrc.wfu.edu/community_interpreting/pages/history.htm) Task 2: Read the text and choose the correct information for each picture the oldest reference to interpreters the humiliating position of interpreters interpreters and the spread of Christianity captured natives as interpreters the introduction of simultaneous interpretation first interpreter training schools (A) ………………………………… (B)………………………………… (C)………………………………… (D)………………………………… (E)…………………………………… (F)………………………………… III Interpretation vs Translation Translation Interpretation A translator studies written material in An interpreter listens to a spoken message the source language and reproduces it in in the source language and renders it orally in written form in the target language the target language A translator relies mainly on thorough An interpreter relies mainly on the ability research with background materials and to get the gist of the message across to the dictionaries to produce the most accurate target audience on the spot and readable written translation possible A translator is usually held to a higher An interpreter has to convey the essence of standard of accuracy and completeness the message immediately and satisfactorily Translator’s activity is more like that Interpreter’s activity is more like that of an of a writer A translator actor or a speaker spends much time An interpreter must immediately come up searching for the correct technical term or with a satisfactory paraphrase in order not to the right choice of words keep the audience waiting Task 3: Each word below depicts a characteristic of translation or interpretation Put them into the correct column fluency, write, dictionaries, speak, real-time, note-taking, target language only, business meeting, delayed,verbal, accuracy, highly aesthetic and elegant, time pressure, headset and lavalier, legal contract, on-the-spot …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… …………………………… VII HOMEWORK Task 1: Listen short paragraphs, takes notes and translate them into Vietnamese …………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 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……………………………………………………………………………………………… (http://www.voanews.com) 148 Task 2: Listen to the recording TIME and translate the sentences into English …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 ………………………………………………………………………………………… 11 ………………………………………………………………………………………… 12 ………………………………………………………………………………………… 13 ………………………………………………………………………………………… 14 ………………………………………………………………………………………… 15 ………………………………………………………………………………………… 16 ………………………………………………………………………………………… 17 ………………………………………………………………………………………… 18 ………………………………………………………………………………………… 19 ………………………………………………………………………………………… 20 ………………………………………………………………………………………… (http://www.voanews.com) 149 IX HOMEWORK Task 1: Listen short paragraphs, takes notes and translate them into Vietnamese …………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 150 …………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 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………………………………………………………………………………………… 20 ………………………………………………………………………………………… (http://www.voanews.com) 155 REFERENCES A Brief History of Interpreting Retrieved October, 21, 2015, from http://lrc.wfu.edu/community_interpreting/pages/history.htm Aish, F and Tomlinson, J (2013) Lectures: Learn Listening and Note-taking Skills Harper Collins Publishers: London, UK Bell, Roger T (1994) Translation and Translating: Theory and Practice Longman Code of Ethics AIIC (International Association of Conference Interpreters) Retrieved October, 24, 2015, from http://aiic.net/page/6533/tips-on-helping-interpretersprepare-for-your-meeting/lang/1 Conference on “World’s Child Survival” National University of Hanoi, 23 April, 2015 Fenton, S (1995) Lectures on Interpreting and Translating Hanoi University of Foreign Languages and Commonwealth Office Hồ Văn Hiệp (2009) Interpretation Practice (Banking–Finance– Economics NXB Thời đại Hugh, D and Andrew W (2010) Outcomes Pre-Intermediate: Real English for the Real World 1st Ed Heinle ELT Ingrid Zhang (2012) Hình Ảnh Của Bạn Đáng Giá Triệu Đơ NXB Văn Hố Thơng Tin Jones, R (2002) Conference Interpreting Explained St Jerome Publishing Languages: 1995 Kỹ Thuật Luyện Thanh Căn Bản (2012) Nhạc viện thành phố HCM Marjorie, R (2013) English for Banking and Finance (Vocational English Series) Pearson Education ESL Mehrabian, A (1981) Silent Messages: Implicit Communication of Emotions and Attitudes Belmont, CA: Wadsworth 156 Newmark, P (1988) A Textbook of Translation Singapore: Prentice Hall International (UK) Ltd Nguyễn Hồng Sơn (2005) Gia Nhập WTO - Cơ Hội Và Thách Thức Đối Với Khu Vực Dịch Vụ Việt Nam Viện kinh tế trị giới Nguyễn Quốc Hùng (2007) Hướng Dẫn Kỹ Thuật Phiên Dịch Anh-Việt, Việt-Anh, NXB Tổng hợp Tp HCM Nolan, J (2005) Interpretation: Techniques and Exercises, Multilingual Matters Ltd Vương Ngọc Tây (2014) IELTS: Listening Strategies for the IELTS Test Cơng ty TNHH Nhân Trí Việt: NXB Tổng hợp TP HCM Webster’s New Dictionary of Synonyms 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