ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Ninth Edition Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Ninth Edition Gary P Schneider, Ph.D., CPA Quinnipiac University Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it This is an electronic version of the print textbook Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it For valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for materials in your areas of interest Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it Electronic Commerce, Ninth Edition Gary P Schneider, Ph.D., CPA VP/Editorial Director: Jack Calhoun Publisher: Joe Sabatino Senior Acquisitions Editor: Charles McCormick, Jr Senior Product Manager: Kate Mason © 2011 Course Technology, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher Editorial Assistant: Nora Heink For product 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and company names used in this book have been used for identification purposes only and may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective manufacturers and sellers Any fictional data related to persons or companies or URLs used throughout this book is intended for instructional purposes only At the time this book was printed, any such data was fictional and not belonging to any real persons or companies Cases in this book that mention company, organization, or individual person’s names were written using publicly available information to provide a setting for student learning They are not intended to provide commentary on or evaluation of any party’s handling of the situation described Course Technology, a part of Cengage Learning, reserves the right to revise this publication and make changes from time to time in its content without notice Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions with office locations around the globe, including Singapore, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Brazil, and Japan Locate your local office at: international.cengage.com/region Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson -Education, Ltd Visit our corporate website at cengage.com To learn more about Course Technology, visit www.cengage.com/ coursetechnology Purchase any of our products at your local college store or at our preferred online store www.CengageBrain.com Printed in the United States of America 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it BRIEF CONTENTS Preface Part 1: xvii Introduction Chapter Introduction to Electronic Commerce Chapter Technology Infrastructure: The Internet and the World Wide Web Part 2: 53 B u s i n e s s S tr at eg i e s f or E l ec t r on i c C om m er ce Chapter Selling on the Web: Revenue Models and Building a Web Presence 108 Chapter Marketing on the Web 163 Chapter Business-to-Business Activities: Improving Efficiency and Reducing Costs 217 Chapter Social Networking, Mobile Commerce, and Online Auctions 261 Chapter The Environment of Electronic Commerce: Legal, Ethical, and Tax Issues 299 Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it Part 3: Technologies fo r E l e c t r o n i c C o m m e r c e Chapter Web Server Hardware and Software 352 Chapter Electronic Commerce Software 395 Chapter 10 Electronic Commerce Security 437 Chapter 11 Payment Systems for Electronic Commerce Part 4: 493 Integration Chapter 12 vi Planning for Electronic Commerce 530 Glossary 561 Index 597 Brief Contents Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Part 1: Chapter xvii Introduction Introduction to Electronic Commerce Electronic Commerce: The Second Wave Electronic Commerce and Electronic Business Categories of Electronic Commerce The Development and Growth of Electronic Commerce The Dot-Com Boom, Bust, and Rebirth The Second Wave of Electronic Commerce Business Models, Revenue Models, and Business Processes Focus on Specific Business Processes Role of Merchandising Product/Process Suitability to Electronic Commerce Advantages and Disadvantages of Electronic Commerce Advantages of Electronic Commerce Disadvantages of Electronic Commerce Economic Forces and Electronic Commerce Transaction Costs Markets and Hierarchies Using Electronic Commerce to Reduce Transaction Costs Network Economic Structures Network Effects Using Electronic Commerce to Create Network Effects Identifying Electronic Commerce Opportunities Strategic Business Unit Value Chains Industry Value Chains SWOT Analysis: Evaluating Business Unit Opportunities International Nature of Electronic Commerce Trust Issues on the Web Language Issues Cultural Issues Culture and Government Infrastructure Issues Summary Key Terms Review Questions Exercises Cases For Further Study and Research 4 10 14 14 15 15 17 17 19 21 22 24 25 26 27 28 28 28 30 32 34 34 35 36 38 40 43 43 44 44 45 49 Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it Chapter Technology Infrastructure: The Internet and the World Wide Web The Internet and the World Wide Web Origins of the Internet New Uses for the Internet Commercial Use of the Internet Growth of the Internet Emergence of the World Wide Web Packet-Switched Networks Routing Packets Internet Protocols TCP/IP IP Addressing Domain Names Web Page Request and Delivery Protocols Electronic Mail Protocols Unsolicited Commercial E-Mail (UCE, Spam) Markup Languages and the Web Markup Languages Hypertext Markup Language Extensible Markup Language (XML) HTML and XML Editors Intranets and Extranets Public and Private Networks Virtual Private Network (VPN) Internet Connection Options Connectivity Overview Voice-Grade Telephone Connections Broadband Connections Leased-Line Connections Wireless Connections Internet2 and the Semantic Web Summary Key Terms Review Questions Exercises Cases For Further Study and Research Part 2: Busi ness Str ategi es f o r El e c t r o n i c Co m m e r c e Chapter Selling on the Web: Revenue Models and Building a Web Presence Revenue Models Web Catalog Revenue Models Digital Content Subscription Revenue Models Advertising-Supported Revenue Models Advertising-Subscription Mixed Revenue Models Fee-for-Transaction Revenue Models viii 53 55 56 56 57 58 59 62 62 64 64 65 66 68 69 70 71 72 72 79 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 89 90 94 96 97 99 99 101 103 108 110 110 117 118 123 125 Table of Contents Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it Fee-for-Service Revenue Models Free for Many, Fee for a Few Revenue Models in Transition Subscription to Advertising-Supported Model Advertising-Supported to Advertising-Subscription Mixed Model Advertising-Supported to Fee-for-Services Model Advertising-Supported to Subscription Model Multiple Transitions Revenue Strategy Issues Channel Conflict and Cannibalization Strategic Alliances Creating an Effective Web Presence Identifying Web Presence Goals Web Site Usability How the Web Is Different Meeting the Needs of Web Site Visitors Trust and Loyalty Rating Electronic Commerce Web Sites Usability Testing Customer-Centric Web Site Design Connecting with Customers The Nature of Communication on the Web Summary Key Terms Review Questions Exercises Cases For Further Study and Research Chapter Marketing on the Web Web Marketing Strategies Product-Based Marketing Strategies Customer-Based Marketing Strategies Communicating with Different Market Segments Trust, Complexity, and Media Choice Market Segmentation Market Segmentation on the Web Offering Customers a Choice on the Web Beyond Market Segmentation: Customer Behavior and Relationship Intensity Segmentation Using Customer Behavior Customer Relationship Intensity and Life-Cycle Segmentation Acquisition, Conversion, and Retention of Customers Customer Acquisition, Conversion, and Retention: The Funnel Model Advertising On The Web Banner Ads Text Ads Other Web Ad Formats Site Sponsorships Online Advertising Cost and Effectiveness Effectiveness of Online Advertising 133 134 135 135 135 136 136 137 138 138 139 139 140 144 144 145 147 148 148 149 150 150 154 154 155 155 156 159 163 165 166 167 168 169 171 173 173 174 174 177 179 180 181 182 184 185 186 187 189 Table of Contents ix Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it 614 masquerading, 462 mass media, 150, 151 MasterCard, 497 MasterCard International (Europay), 499 Materials Equipment, Inc (MEI), 487–488 Matsushita Electric, 545 Maytag, 138, 148–149, 194 McAfee, 454 McAfee Virus Information, 454 McCool, Rob, 362 MCI Mail, 57 McKinsey & Company, 176 McMaster-Carr, 223 m-commerce, 12, 93 See also mobile commerce meetups, 266 MEI (Materials Equipment, Inc.), 487–488 Mercata, 283 MercExchange, 318 merchandising, 15 merchant accounts, 500 merchant bank, 500 Merchant Warehouse, 501 Mercury Technologies, 343 Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 137 Merrill Lynch, 128, 412 message digest, 472–473 MessageLabs, 371 metalanguage, 71 MetalSite, 248 metrics, 534, 535 Michaels Photography Studio, 39 Michelin North America, 246 microlending sites, 270 micromarketing, 171 Micron Electronics, 299 Micron Technology, 299, 300 MicroPatent, 327 MicroPlace, 270 Microsoft, 131, 248, 262, 268, 269, 420 case example, 387–390 server products, 360 Microsoft Active Server Pages (ASP), 410 Microsoft Component Object Model (COM), 410 Microsoft Internet Explorer, 60, 61, 68, 354, 445 country list data marked up with tags as it would appear in Internet Explorer, 83 Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS), 362, 454–455 Microsoft.NET Passport, 510 Microsoft Outlook, 69, 69 Microsoft Project, 547 Microsoft SharePoint, 427 Microsoft Windows, 60 Microsoft Windows Live ID, 510 middleware, 409 Millicent, 503 MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions), 70 Mindcraft, 380 minimum bid, 275 minimum bid increment, 279 mixed-revenue social network sites, 269–270 MMB (Montana Mountain Biking), 212–213 mobile banking, 515 mobile commerce, 12, 93, 271–274 future of, 273–274 mobile operating systems and applications, 271–273 mobile operating systems and applications, 271–273 mobile phones, 54, 271 See also mobile commerce Internet-capable, 55 mobile wallets, 272 models advertising-subscription mixed revenue model, 123 advertising-subscription mixed revenue models, 123–124 advertising-supported revenue models, 118–123 advertising-supported to advertisingsubscription mixed model, 135–136 advertising-supported to fee-for-services model, 136 advertising-supported to subscription model, 136–137 business, 14 customer loyalty, 177–179 digital content revenue model, 117 digital content subscription revenue models, 117–118 fee-for-service revenue models, 133–134 fee-for-transaction revenue model, 125 Index Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it fee-for-transaction revenue models, 125–133 free for many, fee for a few, 134–135 funnel, 180–181 information dissemination, 169 many-to-one communication model, 153 network model of economic organization in purchasing, 228–229 personal contact model, 150 revenue, 14, 108–162, 268–271 statistical, 193 subscription to advertising-supported model, 135 virtual, 115 Web catalog revenue models, 110–117 modems, 88 Mondomix MP3, 131 monetizing, 270 money laundering, 506 Monster.com, 122 Montana Mountain Biking (MMB), 212–213 Montgomery Ward, 110 Moodle, 267 The Moose Hut (TMH), 525 MorganStanley, 128 mortgage industry, 129–130k Mosaic, 60 The Motley Fool, 270 Motorola, 222, 273 movie industry, 131–132 Mozilla Firefox, 60, 61, 68, 354, 445 Mozilla Foundation, 73 Mozilla Thunderbird, 69, 69 MRO (maintenance, repair, and operating supplies), 223 Mrs Fields Cookies, 116 MSN, 200, 267, 268 MSN Autos, 127 MSN Games, 133 MSN Money, 412 MSN Music, 131 MSPs (managed service providers), 397 Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME), 70 multivector virus, 450 Musicians Buy-Line, 123 music industry, 114, 317, 320–321 online, 130–131 Musicland, 114 my.ca.gov, 227 My Conversation with Jeff Bezos, 318 MySpace, 265, 268, 328, 334 MySQL, 408 My Tool Store, 48 My Virtual Model, 115, 353 615 N NACHA—The Electronic Payments Association, 501 naïve Bayesian filter, 368, 369, 370 Nakagawa, Eric, 268 name changing, 319 name stealing, 321 NAPs (network access points), 58 Napster, 131, 317 NAT ( Network Address Translation), 66 National Association of Purchasing Management, 222 National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), 362 National Conference of State Legislatures, 338 National Governor’s Association, 338 National Science Foundation ( NSF), 57 Nationwide Building Society, 412 NBC, 132 NCP (Network Control Protocol), 64 NCSA (National Center for Supercomputing Applications), 362 necessity, 441 necessity threats, 463 negligent tort, 306 Neiman Marcus, 196 Nelson, Ted, 59 net bandwidth, 87 NetBank, 514 NetCoin Center, 507 Netcraft, 361, 362 Netcraft Survey, 361 Netflix, 132 NetMechanic, 379 Netscape Communications, 60, 469 Netscape Enterprise Server, 362 Netscape Navigator Web browser program, 60–61 network access points ( NAPs), 58 Network Address Translation ( NAT ), 66 NetworkControl Protocol ( NCP), 64 Network Economics, 229 Index Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it 616 network economic structure, 26 network effect, 27–28 network operations, 551 network organizations, 26–27 Newark.com, 224 Newmark, Craig, 267 The New Pioneers (Petzinger), 27 NewsCorp, 268, 269 newsgroups, 57 newspaper industry, 121–122, 329, 540 ad rates, 188 online editions, 124 The New Yorker, 34 The New York Post, 203 The New York Review of Books, 152 New York State Citizen Guide, 228 New York Stock Exchange, 277 The New York Times, 123, 124, 329, 449 The New York Times Book Review, 151 nexus, 336 Nick Jr., 345 Nielsen, Jakob, 149 Nielsen/NetRatings, 200 Nielsen Online, 268 Nigerian scam, 326 Nine West, 115 Nissan Computer, Nissan Motor Company, 343–344 Nobel Peace Prize, 270 Nobel Prize in Economics, 277 Nokia, 54, 273 nonrepudiation, 239 Nordisk Aviation, 544–545 Northern Light, 136–137 NorthPoint Communications, 88–89 not-for-profit organizations, 142–144 NSF ( National Science Foundation), 57 n-tier architectures, 360 NTT DoCoMo, 271–272 O Obama, Barack (President), 438 occasion segmentation, 174 Octopus, 512 offer, 308 Office Depot, 224 Old Metamora, 294–295 Olim, Jason, 114 Olim, Matthew, 114 Omniture, 446 one-to-many communication model, 151 one-to-one communication, 152, 152 one-to-one marketing, 173 one-way functions, 472 online advertising, 12, 119 online auctions, 274–289 auction-related services, 286–289 basics, 274–278 related businesses and, 278–286 online banking, 129–130 online community, 263 Online Companion link, 182, 191, 333, 454, 458, 513 online games, 133 online grocers, 19 online marketing manager, 550–551 online payment systems, 493–527 criminal activity, 515–520 electronic cash, 502–508 electronic wallets, 509–511 Internet technologies and the banking industry, 513–515 overview, 493–495 payment basics, 495–497 payment cards, 497–502 stored-value cards, 511–512 Online Publishers Association, 189 online sale, 310 ontology, 94 open auction, 275 open EDI, 239 open loop systems, 499 OpenMarket software, 422 open-outcry auction, 275, 278 open-outcry double auctions, 277 Open Source Initiative, 267 open source software, 267 Open Text Corporation, 426 Open Workbench, 547 Opera, 73, 445 operating systems, for Web servers, 360 opportunity cost, 536 opt-in e-mail, 190, 332 opt-out approach, 332 Oracle, 248, 410 Oracle Primavera P6, 547 Oracle Siebel CRM Applications, 423 “Orange Book” ( Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria), 440 Index Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it Orbitz, 125, 126 O’Reilly, Tim, 318 organized crime, 519 Orkut, 265 orphan file, 378 Outlet Tool Supply, 48 outsourcing, 542 component, 543–544 early, 543 internal development versus, 542–545 late, 543 methods for implementing partial, 545–546 partial, 543–544 Overstock Auctions, 281 Overstock.com, 116, 281 Overture, 202, 203 Ovid, 118 Owens Corning, 284 Oxfam, 210–212 Oxford Committee for Famine Relief, 210–211 P P2P peer-to-peer payment system, 507 Pace Law School CISG Database, 311 packet-filter firewalls, 480 packets, 62 packet-switched networks, 62–63 Page, Lawrence, page-based application systems, 410 page view, 187 paid placement, 200 Palm Pre, 272, 273 Palm Pre Applications, 273 PANs (personal area networks), 91 Paramount, 132 Passport, 510 passwords, 475, 478–479 patents, 318 Pay.gov, 226–227 payment cards, 497–502 advantages and disadvantages, 498 payment acceptance and processing, 499–502 processing, 501–502 Payment Online, 496 payment processing service providers, 501 payment systems, 493–527 PayPal, 261–262, 281, 494, 507, 508, 516 pay-per-click model, 198 pay-per-conversion model, 198 p-cards, 223 PC Week, 333 PDF (Adobe Portable Document Format), 158–159 PDG Software, 406 Peapod, 19 peer-to-peer (P2P) payment system, 507 Pegasus Mail, 69, 69 Peppers, Don, 190 Pepsi, 37, 140, 319 Performics, 198 perimeter expansion, 481 permission marketing, 190 Permission Marketing (Godin and Peppers), 190 per se defamation, 322 persistent cookies, 444 personal area networks (PANs), 91 personal contact model, 150 personal firewalls, 481 personal jurisdiction, 305 personal shopper, 115 PETCO, 21 PetFoodDirect.com, 21 Pets.com, 20–21 Petzinger, Thomas, 27 Pew Charitable Trusts, 9–10 Pew Internet, 9–10 PFI (Portable Fun Instruments), 102–103 PGP (Pretty Good Privacy), 466 PGP Corporation, 466 PGP International, 466 pharming attack, 520 Philips Lighting, 534 phishing attacks, 515–518 countermeasures, 520 expeditions, 462 PHP ( Hypertext Preprocessor), 356, 410 physical security, 440 piconets, 91 Pilot Network Services, 477–478 Ping, 375 Ping Internet Groper, 375 place, 166 plagiarism, 316 plain old telephone service (POTS), 87 617 Index Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it 618 plain text, 465 plug-ins, 449–450 point-of-sale (POS), 464 POP (Post Office Protocol), 69–70, 369 pop-behind ad, 185 POPFile, 368–369, 370 pop-up ad, 185 Portable Document Format (PDF), 158–159 Portable Fun Instruments (PFI), 102–103 portals, 120, 247–251 Porter, Michael, 14, 28 POS (wireless point-of-sale), 464 postaudit review, 551–552 postimplementation audits, 551–552 Post Office Protocol (POP), 69–70, 369 POTS (plain old telephone service), 87 Pottery Barn, 164 Powell’s Books, 114 power, 302 Pretty Good Privacy (PGP), 466 price, 166 Price, T Rowe, 148–149 Priceline.com, 283, 318 PriceSCAN, 287 Price Watch, 287 primary activities, 28 privacy, 460 Privacy Council, 460 Privacy Rights Advocacy Groups, 333 privacy rights and obligations, 330–334 private company marketplace, 250 Private IP addresses, 66 private key, 466 private-key encryption, 467 private network, 85 private store, 249 private valuations, 275 PRIZM, 178–179 Procter & Gamble, 195, 204 procurement, 5, 29 See also purchasing Prodigy, 263 product, 165–166 product disparagement, 322 professional services, 133–134 Proflowers.com, 116, 165, 198 ProgrammableWeb, 415 programming languages, 356 Progressive, 108–109, 128 ProHosting.com, 415 project management, 547–548 software, 547 Project Management Institute, 548 project manager, 549 project portfolio management, 548 project portfolio manager, 549 Promethean Software Services, 238 promotion, 167 property taxes, 336 proprietary architecture, 64 ProQuest, 118, 136 prospecting, 150 protocols See Internet, protocols Provide Commerce, 165 proxy bid, 279 proxy server firewalls, 480 Prudential, 129 psychographic segmentation, 171–172 public key, 466 public-key encryption, 466 public marketplaces, 247 public network, 85 purchasing See also procurement activities, 220–222 direct versus indirect materials, 222–224 logistics activities, 224 network model of economic organization, 228–229 paper-based process, 232–234 process, 221 support activities, 225–226 purchasing cards, 223 pure dot-com businesses, Python, 356 Q QQ.com, 361 Qualcomm Eudora, 369 Quotesmith, 128 R racketeering, 519 radio, ad rates, 188 Radio Frequency Identification Devices (RFIDs), 11, 244 Radio Shack, 111 Random Walk Shoes, 390–391 RapidSSL.com, 457 Index Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it rational branding, 196 Raytheon, 285 RDF (resource description framework), 94 RealAge, 134 RealArcade, 133 real estate industry, 129 RealNetworks, 449 Realtor.com, 129 recession, of 2008–2009, recording industry, 130–131 RedEnvelope, 164, 165 Red Hat, 360 Regulation M, 300 reintermediation, 125 remote server administration, 379 repeaters, 92 repeat visits, 187 replenishment purchasing, 222 Representational State Transfer (REST ), 414–415 request headers, 358 request message, 358 Research in Motion (RIM), 54 Reséaux IP Européens (RIPE), 65 resource description framework (RDF), 94 response header field, 359 response header line, 358–359 response message, 358 response time, 380 REST (Representational State Transfer), 414–415 restaurant industry, 174 RESTful applications, 414 RESTful design, 414 RestWiki, 415 retailers, 111–113 See also specific industry retained customers, 179 retention costs, 179 return on investment (ROI), 539–541 Return Path, 190 revenue models, 14, 108–162 academic research content, 118 advertising-supported to advertisingsubscription mixed model, 135–136 advertising-supported to subscription model, 136–137 business content, 118 digital content subscription revenue models, 117–118 fee-for-service, 133–134 free for many, fee for a few, 134–135 history, 110–111 legal content, 117 multiple transitions, 137 revenue strategy issues, 138–139 for social networking sites, 268–271 subscription to advertising-supported model, 135 technical content, 118 in transition, 135–137 reverse auctions, 277, 278 reverse bid, 282 reverse link checker, 378 RFID Journal, 245 RFIDs (Radio Frequency Identification Devices), 11, 244 Rhapsody, 131 Rich media ads, 186 rich media objects, 182 right of publicity, 315 RIM (Research in Motion), 54 RIPE (Reséaux IP Européens), 65 risk management, 440–441 roaming, 92 robot, 199 robotic network, 447 Roebuck, Alvah, 110 ROI (return on investment), 539–541 RosettaNet, 83 Ross-Dove Company, 284 router computers, 62 router-based architecture, 63 routers, 62 routiners, 176 routing algorithms, 62 routing computers, 62 routing tables, 62 Roxio, 317 Ruby on Rails, 356 Ryder System, 224 619 S Sabre Holdings, 167–168 Sabre Travel Network, 125 Safeway, 19 SalesCart, 404, 405 Salesforce.com, 424 Salon.com, 263 Index Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it 620 Salon.com, 135–136 Sam Goody, 114 Sanriotown, 335 SANS Institute, 482 SANS Internet Storm Center, 482 SAP, 248, 410 SAP CRM, 423 SBU (strategic business unit), 25 scalable hosting services, 399 Schneider National, 224 SciQuest, 247 SCM (supply chain management) software, 400, 425–426 SCO Group, 360 Scottrade Mobile, 273 Scrip, 496 scripting, 79 scripting languages, 446 sealed-bid auctions, 276, 278 search engine optimization, 200 search engine placement, 200 search engine placement brokers, 202 search engine positioning, 200 search engines, algorithms, paid inclusion and placement, 200–204 positioning and domain names, 199–206 Web directories and, 199–200 Search Engine Watch, 202 searching, 377 search term sponsorship, 200 search utility, 200 Sears, Richard, 110 Sears, Roebuck & Company, 110, 117, 166–167, 352 second-price sealed-bid auctions, 276–277, 278 secrecy, 441 secrecy threats, 460–461 secure envelope, 472 Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), 499 Secure Sockets Layer-Extended Validation (SSL-EV ) digital certificate, 457 Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) system, 469–472 security, 437–491 for client computers, 444–459 communication channel, 459–474 computer forensics and ethical hacking, 482 elements of, 441–442 ensuring transaction integrity with digital signatures, 473–474 ensuring transaction integrity with hash functions, 472–473 history, 439–440 of online cash, 504–505 organizations that promote, 481–482 overview, 437–438 policy and integrated security, 442–444 risk management, 440–441 for server computers, 474–481 security policy, 442–444 segmentation acquisition, conversion, and retention of customers, 179–180 customer relationship intensity and life-cycle segmentation, 177–179 market, 171–173 using customer behavior, 174–177 self-hosting, 397 seller-bid auctions, 277, 278 Semantic Web, 94, 94–95 separation, 177 server, 357 server architectures, 357–360 server farms, 381 server-level filtering, 366 server-side electronic wallet, 509 server-side scripting, 356 server software, 357 service, 30 service mark, 319 session cookies, 444 SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language), 71 ShadowSurf.com, 461 shared hosting, 397 Shari’s Berries, 165 shill bidders, 275 shipping profile, 16 Shneiderman, Ben, 149 shoppers, 175–176 group shopping sites, 283–284 Web sites, 267 shopping cart, 175, 402–406 ShopSite, 406 short message service (SMS), 93, 271 shrink-wrap contract acceptance, 311 Shriver, Betty, 294–295 Index Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it signature, 311 signed message, 455 Silicon Graphics, 60 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), 69 Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), 413–414 simplifiers, 176 Singapore Government Online, 227 single sign-in service (SSI), 510 Singleton, Jerry, 212–213 single-use cards, 497–498 site map, 78 site sponsorships, 186–187 Six Degrees, 264 Skandia Group, 542–543 skyscraper ad, 182 Slate Magazine, 135 small payments, 503 Smart Card Alliance, 512 smart cards, 511–512 smart phones, 12, 272 SmithBarney, 128 Smithsonian Folkways, 131 SMS (short message service), 93, 271 SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), 69 sniffer programs, 460 snipe, 287 sniping software, 287 SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), 413–414 social networking administrator, 550 social networking site, 264 social networks, 262–271 advertising-supported sites, 268–269 early Web communities, 263–264 fee-based, 270 internal virtual communities, 271 microlending sites, 270 mixed-revenue and fee-for-service, 269–270 revenue models, 268–271 in the second wave of online communities, 264–268 virtual communities, 263 web logs (blogs), 266–267 Web sites, 265 social shopping, 267 Society of American Travel Writers Silver Award, 157 Softbank, 38 software, 395–435 ad-blocking, 185 advanced functions, 408–415 agents, 94 antivirus, 450–455 Apache, 353 application, 273 auction, 287–288 basic functions, 399–408 content management, 426 customer relationship management, 423–425 data analysis, 378 database management, 408 Digital Rights Management, 131 e-mail client, 69 enterprise-class, 421 enterprise resource planning packages, 410 e-procurement, 249 interoperable, 507 knowledge management, 426–427 for large businesses, 421–427 for midsize to large businesses, 418–420 OpenMarket, 422 open source, 267 overview, 395–396 project management, 547 for small and midsize companies, 415–418 sniping, 287 supply chain management, 425–426 Web client, 68 Web hosting alternatives, 397–399 Web server, 68–69 for Web servers, 360–362 software agents, 94 Sohu.com, 39 Solaris, 360 Solar Turbines, 285 SoniCode, 321 Sony, 132, 285 Sotheby’s, 274, 281 spam, 70, 364–365 legal solutions, 371–374 solutions, 365–375 technical solutions, 374–375 Spam and Open Relay Blocking System, 366 Spamhaus Project, 366 spear phishing, 517 spend, 222 spider, 199 sponsored top-level domains (sTLDs), 67 sponsorships, 186–187, 200 621 Index Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it 622 spoofing, 462 sports industry, 172 sportsters, 176 spot market, 222 spot purchasing, 222 SPS Commerce, 238 Square Trade, 286 SRI International, 56 SSI (single sign-in service), 510 SSL (Secure Sockets Layer system), 469–472, 499 SSL-EV (Secure Sockets Layer-Extended Validation digital certificate), 457 SSUTA (Streamlined Sales and Use Tax Agreement), 338 stakeholders, 139–140 Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), 71 Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation, 380 Staples, 166, 224 start page, 77 Starz, 132 State Farm Insurance, 128 state government, 432–433 stateless connection, 444 static catalog, 400 Station.com, 133 statistical modeling, 193 Statute of Frauds, 311 statutory law, 319 steel manufacturing industry, 248 steganography, 458 Sterling Commerce, 238 Steve Madden, 115 stickiness, 119 Sting, 320–321 sTLDs (sponsored top-level domains), 67 stockbrokers, 127–128 stockout, 245 stored-value cards, 511–512 magnetic strip cards, 511 smart cards, 511–512 Storm, 451 strategic alliances, 26 strategic business unit (SBU), 25 strategic partners, 26 strategic partnerships, 26 Streamlined Sales and Use Tax Agreement (SSUTA), 338 StubHub, 129 style sheets, 79 subject-matter jurisdiction, 305 subnetting, 66 subscriptions advertising-subscription mixed revenue models, 123–124 advertising-supported to advertisingsubscription mixed model, 135–136 advertising-supported to subscription model, 136–137 Britannica Book of the Year, 137 Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 137 subscription to advertising-supported model, 135 Sullivan, Danny, 202 Sumner, Gordon (Sting), 320–321 Sun Computer, 64, 353, 360, 379 Sun Java System Web Server (JSWS), 362 Sun Microsystems, 111, 447–448 Sun ONE, 362 supply alliances, 241 Supply Chain Council, 241 supply chain management, 220 building and maintaining trust, 246–247 characteristics, 285 consumer orientation and, 246 efficiency, 242–243 using Internet technologies, 240–247 value creation, 240–242 supply chain management (SCM) software, 400, 425–426 supply management, supply web, 229 supporting activities, 28, 30 surfers, 176 SuSE Linux Enterprise, 360 SWOT analysis, 32 opportunities, 32, 33 strengths, 32, 33 threats, 32, 33 weaknesses, 32, 33 Symantec, 454 Symantec Security Response, 454 Symbian Foundation, 273 SymbianGear, 273 symmetric connections, 87 symmetric encryption, 467 systems administrator, 551 Index Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it T Talbots, 115, 173 Taobao.com, 293, 307 Target, 46, 116, 117 tariff, 338 taxation, 336–339 European Union value added taxes, 339 import tariffs, 338–339 nexus, 336 U.S income taxes, 336–337 U.S state sales taxes, 337–338 TCO (total cost of ownership), 536 TCP ( Transmission Control Protocol), 64 TCP/IP, 64, 64–65 TD Ameritrade, 128 TechCrunch, 267 technology development, 30 infrastructure, 53–106 technical content, 118 technology-enabled customer relationship management, 191–194 technology-enabled customer relationship management, 191 technology-enabled relationship management, 191 teergrubing, 374 Telecommunications Act of 1996, 101 telecommuting, television ad rates, 188 advertising, 172 telework, Telnet, 377 Telnet protocol, 377 Tereshchuk, Myron, 327 terms of service agreement ( ToS), 313, 314 terrorism, online, 328 Tesco, 19 text ads, 184–185 text markup language, 71 Thaler, William, 275–276 Thawte, 457 Theglobe.com, 264 Theil, Peter, 262 TheStreet.com, 270 third-generation (3G) mobile phones, 93 third-party cookies, 444–445 third-party logistics (3PL) provider, 224 threats, 440 buffer overrun/overflow, 475–476 database, 475 integrity, 462 mail bomb, 476 necessity, 463 to the physical security of Internet communications channels, 463 to the physical security of Web servers, 476–478 secrecy, 460–461 Web server, 474–475 to wireless networks, 464 three-tier architecture, 359 throughput, 380 Ticketmaster, 129 Tickets.com, 129 TicketsNow, 129 TicketWeb, 129 tier-three suppliers, 241 tier-two suppliers, 241 Tiffany & Co., 195, 196 Time Warner, 60, 331, 375 TLD (top-level domain), 67 TMH ( The Moose Hut), 525 Tohan, 38 Tomlinson, Ray, 56 Tool Crib, 48 top-level domain ( TLD), 67 Top Ten Web Design Mistakes of 2005, 146 tort, 305 ToS (terms of service agreement), 313, 314 total cost of ownership ( TCO), 536 touchpoint consistency, 177 touchpoints, 177 Tower Records, 114 Toys R Us, 46, 47, 139 Trace Center, 145 TRACE RouTe, 375–376 Tracert, 375–376 trademark, 319 protection, 303 trademark dilution, 323 trade name, 319 trading partners, transaction, transaction costs, 22 electronic commerce to reduce, 25–26 transaction processing, 407–408 transaction taxes, 336 623 Index Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it 624 transceivers, 92 translation See language TransLink, 512 Transmission Control Protocol ( TCP), 64 travel industry, 121, 125–127 awards, 157 Travelocity, 125 TreasuryDirect, 227 Treo phones, 54 trial visit, 187 Tribe.net, 265 trigger words, 175 Triple Data Encryption Standard ( Triple DES; 3DES), 467 Triple DES (Triple Data Encryption Standard), 467 Tripod, 264 Trojan horse, 447, 451, 452–454 trust, 169–171 issues in electronic commerce, 34–35 in the supply chain, 246–247 Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (“Orange Book”), 440 TurboTax, 18 TV.com, 132 tweets, 265 Twitter, 265, 267 two-tier client/server architecture, 358 typosquatting, 319 U UCC (Uniform Commercial Code), 310 UCE (unsolicited commercial e-mail), 70 UCLA Online Institute for Cyberspace Law and Policy, 307 Uclue, 270 UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration Specification), 413, 414 UDRP (Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy), 319 UIGEA (Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act), 326 ultimate consumer orientation, 246 ultra wideband (UWB), 90–91 UMI (University Microfilms International), 118 UN/EDIFACT (EDI for Administration, Commerce, and Transport), 231–232 Uniform Commercial Code (UCC), 310 Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP), 319 Uniform Resource Locator (URL), 69 United Nations, 303 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG), 311 United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, 231–232 United States import tariffs, 338–339 income taxes, 336–337 state sales taxes, 337–338 Universal, 132 Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration Specification (UDDI), 413, 414 University Microfilms International (UMI), 118 University of California at Berkeley, 229 at Los Angeles, 56 at Santa Barbara, 56 University of Illinois, 60, 362, 493 University of Maryland Human-Computer Interaction Lab, 149 University of North Carolina, 57 University of Texas Crash Course in Copyright, 316 University of Utah, 56 UNIX operating system, 353 Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act (UIGEA), 326 unsolicited commercial e-mail (UCE), 70 untrusted Java applets, 448 upload bandwidth, 87 uPortal, 267 UPS, 224 upstream bandwidth, 87 upstream strategies, 532 Urchin from Google, 378 URL (Uniform Resource Locator), 69 URL brokers and registrars, 206 U.S Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act, 319 U.S CAN-SPAM law, 371–374 U.S Commercial Service, 42 U.S Congress, 335 U.S Constitution Commerce Clause, 308, 315 U.S Department of Defense, 56, 57, 440 U.S Department of Homeland Security (DHS), 227, 328 Index Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it U.S Department of the Treasury, 326 U.S Federal Trade Commission (FTC), 299, 323, 324, 372, 373 U.S Navy, 284–285 U.S Office of Scientific Research and Development, 59 U.S Supreme Court, 308 USA Auction Drop, 289 usability testing, 148–149 usage-based market segmentation, 174 USA Today, 540 Usenet (User’s News Network), 57, 263 usernames, 478–479 User’s News Network (Usenet), 57, 263 use tax, 338 utility programs, 375–379 indexing and searching, 377 UWB (ultra wideband), 90–91 Uzi Nissan, 343–344 V VacationsToGo.com, 127 value, perceived, 195 value-added networks ( VAN), 8, 236–239 disadvantages, 238 Value Added Tax ( VAT ), 339 value chains industry, 30–32 strategic business unit, 28–30 ValueClick, 183 value system, 30 ValueWeb, 415 VAN See value-added networks Van Name, Mark, 333 Vanorder, Gil, 343 VAT ( Value Added Tax), 339 VBScript, 446 Vendio, 287 Ventro, 247, 250 venture capitalists, 538 Verance, 321 Vera Wang, 114 VerioSecurity Services, 476 VeriSign, 457 Verizon, 89 Versace, 114 vertical integration, 24 vertical portals, 247 Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 273–274 VetteFinders, 123 vicarious copyright infringement, 317 Vickrey, William, 276–277 Vickrey auctions, 277, 278 video industry, 114 online, 131–132 viral marketing, 199 virtual communities, 17, 263 internal, 271 virtual companies, 26 virtual host, 380 virtual learning networks, 267 virtual model, 115 virtual private network ( VPN), 86 virtual server, 380 Virtual Works, 343 viruses, 363, 450–455 Visa, 497 visit, 187 VisualRoute, 376 voice-grade telephone connections, 87 voice-over-IP ( VoIP), 101 VoIP (voice-over-IP), 101 Volkswagen of America, 141 vortals, 247 VPN (virtual private network), 86 625 W W3C ( World Wide Web Consortium), 72 W3C Getting Started with HTML, 76 W3C HTML 5, 73 W3C HTML Working Group, 72 W3C Semantic Web, 95 W3C SOAP Page, 413 W3C Web Accessibility Initiative, 145 W3C Web Services Activity, 414 W3C XHTML Version 1.0 Specification, 72 W3C XML Pages, 84 W W Grainger, 7, 223 The Wall Street Journal, 27, 118, 123, 124, 540 Wal-Mart, 116, 245 Walmart.com, 7, 46 case example, 116–117 Walmart.com Music Downloads, 131 Walt Disney, 132, 194 Index Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it 626 WANs (wide area networks), 62 WAP (wireless access point), 91, 464 WAP ( Wireless Application Protocol), 272 warchalking, 464 Ward, Aaron Montgomery, 110 wardrivers, 464 warfare, online, 328 Warner Brothers, 132 warranties, 311–312 warranty disclaimer, 312 watermark, 321, 458 WaveHunters.com, 127 Web, 55 See also Internet ad rates, 188 creating an effective presence, 139–144 designers, 79–80 growth, 60–61 history, 60–61 identifying web presence goals, 140–142 markup languages, 71–85 matching site design to function, 141 nature of customer communication, 150–153 not-for-profit organizations, 142–144 popularity and stickiness of leading sites, 269 site development tools, 419–420 usability, 144–150 Web 2.0, 12 Web APIs, 411 Web browser, 60 Web browser software, 68 Web Bug FAQ, 446 Web bugs, 446 Webby Awards, 149–150, 157 Web catalog revenue models, 110–117 Web client computers, 68 Web client software, 68 Web community, 263 Web directors, search engines and, 199–200 Web EDI, 239 WebGenie Software, 404 Web graphics designer, 550 Web logs, 170, 266–267 WebMD, 134 Web page, for a small electronic commerce site, 400, 401 Web portals, 120, 267–268 Web programmers, 550 Web servers, 59–60 access control and authentication, 478–479 basics, 354–360 e-mail and, 363–375 hardware, 379–384 hardware architectures, 380–384 operating systems, 360 percent of sites that use major Web server software products, 361 performance evaluation, 380 platform neutrality, 355 software, 68–69, 360–362 threats, 474–475, 476–478 utility programs, 375–379 Web services, 411–415 Web Services Description Language ( WSDL), 413 Web site architecture, 407 Website Garage, 379 Web sites animation, 146 costs, 536–537 customer-centric Web site design, 149–150 design, 37 evolution of functions, 541 growth, 61 hosting service features, 538 internal development versus outsourcing, 542–545 methods for implementing partial outsourcing, 545–546 rating electronic commerce Web sites, 148 strategies for developing, 541–546 trust and loyalty, 147–148 usability testing, 148–149 utility programs, 375–379 visitors, 145–147 WebSphere Commerce Professional, 419–420, 421–423 WebStone, 380 WebTrends, 378 WebVan, 19 Web-wrap contract acceptance, 311 WeddingChannel.com, 196–197 WELL, 263, 267 Wells Fargo, 508 We Love Etsy, 267 WEP ( Wireless Encryption Protocol), 464 Wescorp, 273 Wet Seal, 115 Wheeler, Maureen, 156–157 Index Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it Wheeler, Tony, 156–157 white hat hacker, 441 white list spam filter, 366 Whole Earth Review, 263 wide area networks ( WANs), 62 Wi-Fi (wireless Ethernet), 91, 91–92 Wikimedia Foundation, 269 Williamson, Oliver, 24–25 Williams-Sonoma, 164, 196 WindowSecurity.com, 443 Windows Live HotMail, 196 Windows Mobile, 273 Winebid, 282 Wingspan Bank, 523 WIPO ( World Intellectual Property Organization), 319, 320 Wired Magazine, 134 wireless access point ( WAP), 91, 464 Wireless Application Protocol ( WAP), 272 wireless connections, 90 Wireless Encryption Protocol ( WEP), 464 wireless Ethernet ( Wi-Fi), 91, 91–92 wireless networks, threats to, 464 wireless point-of-sale (POS), 464 wire transfers, World Intellectual Property Organization ( WIPO), 319, 320 World Wide Web See Web World Wide Web Consortium ( W3C), 72 worms, 450–455 writing (contracts), 311 WSDL ( Web Services Description Language), 413 WSJ.com, 540 X Xanadu, 59 XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language), 83 Xdrive Technologies, 136 XHTML (Extensible Hypertext Markup Language), 72 XML (Extensible Markup Language), 71, 79–84, 96 country list data marked up with tags, 82 country list data marked up with tags as it would appear in Internet Explorer, 83 requests for Web pages from a database, 84 XML parsers, 84 XML vocabulary, 84 XSL (Extensible Stylesheet Language), 84 627 Y Yaga, 503 Yahoo!, 2, 3, 14, 38, 121, 190, 196, 200, 202, 203, 264, 267, 269, 280 Yahoo! Answers, 270 Yahoo! Games, 67 Yahoo! Mail, 69, 196 Yahoo! Merchant Solutions, 415–416 Yahoo! Mobile, 273 Yahoo! Music, 131 Yahoo! Search Marketing, Yahoo! Wallet, 510–511 Yahoo! Web Directory, 315 Yankee auctions, 275 Yesmail, 190 Yodlee, 130, 139 YouTube, 265, 268 YoYoDyne, 190 Yunus, Muhammad, 270 Z Zappos, 47 Zhivago, Kristin, 149 Zhivago Marketing Partners, 149 zombie, 447 zombie farm, 447, 520 ZoneAlarm, 481 Zotob, 451 Zuckerberg, Mark, 261 Index Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it CREDITS C HA P TE R Figure 3-4 Reprinted with permission of Orbitz, LLC, Chicago, IL © 2001–2009, Orbitz, LLC All rights reserved Figure 3-5 Courtesy of © 2009 Volkswagen of America, Inc Figure 3-6 Courtesy of © ACLU, 125 Broad Street, 18th Floor New York, NY 10004 2009 American Civil Liberties Union Reprinted with permission of the American Civil Liberties Union Figures 3-7 Courtesy of © 2009 Lee Jeans, a division of VF Jeanswear Limited Partnership C HA P TE R Figure 4-1 Courtesy of © 2003–2010 Sabre Inc All rights reserved Figure 4-13 Courtesy of © 2010 Google C HA P TE R Figure 5-2 Courtesy of © 1994–2009 W W Grainger, Inc All rights reserved Figure 5-13 Courtesy of Moeller-Horcher Source: Metro C HA P TE R Figure 6-6 Courtesy of © 1999–2010 Steiner Associates LLC All rights reserved C HA P TE R Figure 7-6 Reproduced with permission of Yahoo! Inc © 2010 Yahoo! Inc YAHOO! and the YAHOO! logo are registered trademarks of Yahoo! Inc Figure 7-12 Courtesy of © Copyright 2009 SANRIO CO., LTD CHAPTER Figure 8-4 Courtesy of © Netcraft Ltd 2010 All Rights Reserved (http://www.netcraft.com) Figure 8-10 Courtesy of © 1997–2009 Visualware Inc All Rights Reserved CHAPTER Figure 9-1 Courtesy of © 2010 Google Figure 9-2 Courtesy of Copyright © TeakWood Patio Furniture All Rights Reserved Figure 9-5 Courtesy of Copyright © 1995–2008 SalesCart™ All Rights Reserved Figure 9-8 Reproduced with permission of Yahoo! Inc © 2010 Yahoo! Inc YAHOO! and the YAHOO! logo are registered trademarks of Yahoo! Inc Figure 9-11 © 2000–2010 salesforce.com, Inc All rights reserved Various trademarks held by their respective owners CHAPTER 10 Figure 10-3 and Figure 10-4 Courtesy of © 2010 Mozilla All rights reserved CHAPTER 11 Figure 11-2 Courtesy of © 1997–2010 Payment Online, Inc All rights reserved Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it