[...]... International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and was a member of IUPAC’s Physical and Biophysical Chemistry Division Julio de Paula is Professor of Chemistry and Dean of the College of Arts & Sciences at Lewis & Clark College A native of Brazil, Professor de Paula received a B.A degree in chemistry from Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, and a Ph.D in biophysical chemistry from Yale... concentration 0.10 Reaction stoichiometry CHECKLIST OF KEY IDEAS TABLE OF KEY EQUATIONS QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES Chemistry is the science of matter and the changes it can undergo The branch of the subject called physical chemistry is concerned with the physical principles that underlie chemistry Physical chemistry seeks to account for the properties of matter in terms of fundamental concepts such as atoms, electrons,... framework for all other branches of chemistry for inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, biochemistry, geochemistry, and chemical engineering It also provides the basis of modern methods of analysis, the determination of structure, and the elucidation of the manner in which chemical reactions occur To do all this, it draws on two of the great foundations of modern physical science, thermodynamics... INTRODUCTION One of the roles of physical chemistry is to establish the link between the properties of bulk matter and the behaviour of the particles—atoms, ions, or molecules of which it is composed A physical chemist formulates a model, a simplified description, of each physical state and then shows how the state’s properties can be understood in terms of this model The existence of different states of matter... numerical value of the molar mass of an element or compound, respectively More precisely (but equivalently), the RAM of an element or the RMM of a compound is its average atomic or molecular mass relative to the mass of an atom of carbon-12 set equal to 12 The atomic weight (or RAM) of a natural sample of carbon is 12.01 and the molecular weight (or RMM) of water is 18.02 The molar mass of an element is... The molar mass of H2O is 18.02 g mol−1, so the mass of water produced is (2 × 1.38 mol) × (18.02 g mol−1) = 49.7 g Checklist of key ideas You should now be familiar with the following concepts 1 Physical chemistry is the branch of chemistry that establishes and develops the principles of chemistry in terms of the underlying concepts of physics and the language of mathematics 2 The states of matter are... 100 cm3 of solution: 2.11 g Molar mass of B: 234.01 g mol−1 Density of solution in water: 1.01 g cm−3 Density of solution in benzene: 0.881 g cm−3 0.30 Calculate the mole fractions of the molecules of a mixture that contains 56 g of benzene and 120 g of methylbenzene (toluene) 0.31 A simple model of dry air at sea level is that it consists of 75.53 per cent (by mass) of nitrogen, 23.14 per cent of oxygen,... University of Keele Anthony Meijer, University of Sheffield Marcelo de Miranda, University of Leeds Damien Murphy, University of Cardiff Gavin Reid, University of Leeds Stephen Roser, University of Bath Karl Ryder, University of Leicester Sven Schroeder, University of Manchester David Steytler, University of East Anglia Michael Stockenhuber, University of Newcastle, New South Wales Svein Stolen, University of. .. measurement of the mass of its atoms and then multiplication of the mass of one atom by Avogadro’s constant (the number of atoms per mole) Care has to be taken to allow for the isotopic composition of an element, so we must use a suitably weighted mean of the masses of the isotopes present The values obtained in this way are printed on the periodic table inside the back cover The molar mass of a compound of. .. follows: 1 mol of specified particles is equal to the number of atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12 (12C) This number is determined experimentally by dividing 12 g by the mass of one atom of carbon-12 Because the mass of one carbon-12 atom is measured by using a mass spectrometer as 1.992 65 × 10−23 g, the number of atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12 is Number of atoms = total mass of sample mass of one atom