[...]... Heavenly and the First iPhone 2 .x — App Store, 3G and Corporate Features 3 .x — Farewell, 1st gen, Hello iPad 4 .x — iPhone 4, Apple TV, and the iPad 2 5 .x — To the iPhone 4S and Beyond iOS vs OS X The Future of OS X Summary References CHAPTER 2: E PLURIBUS UNUM: ARCHITECTURE OF OS X AND IOS OS X Architectural Overview The User Experience Layer Aqua Quicklook Spotlight ftoc.indd xi 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7... EVOLUTION OF OS X The Pre-Darwin Era: Mac OS Classic The Prodigal Son: NeXTSTEP Enter: OS X OS X Versions, to Date 10.0 — Cheetah and the First Foray 10.1 — Puma — a Stronger Feline, but 10.2 — Jaguar — Getting Better 10.3 — Panther and Safari 10.4 — Tiger and Intel Transition 10.5 — Leopard and UNIX 10.6 — Snow Leopard 10.7 — Lion 10.8 — Mountain Lion iOS — OS X Goes Mobile 1 .x — Heavenly and the First... joker The joker tool, presented in Chapter 8, is a simple tool created to play with the kernel (specifically, in iOS) The tool can fi nd and display the system call and Mach trap tables of iOS and OS X kernels, show sysctl structures, and look for particular patterns in the binary This tool is highly useful for reverse engineers and hackers alike, as the trap and system call symbols are no longer exported... In those cases, the relative path is used (e.g osfmk/kern/ spl.c, relating to where the XNU kernel source is extracted) The related package will always be specified in the section, and in Part II of the book nearly all references are to the XNU kernel source xxxii flast.indd xxxii 9/29/2012 5:55:36 PM INTRODUCTION XNU and Darwin components are fairly well documented, but this book tries to go the extra... easy to incorporate into scripts, making it handy for use as a connection event handler jkextstat The last tool used in the book is jkextstat, a kextstat(8)-compatible utility to list kernel extensions Unlike the original, it supports verbose mode, and can work on iOS This makes it invaluable in exploring the iOS kernel hands-on, something which — until this book — was very difficult, as the binary kextstat... Darwin — The UNIX Core The Shell The File System UNIX System Directories OS X Specific Directories iOS File System Idiosyncrasies Interlude: Bundles Applications and Apps Info.plist Resources NIB Files Internationalization with lproj Files Icons (.icns) CodeResources Frameworks Framework Bundle Format List of OS X and iOS Public Frameworks Libraries Other Application Types System Calls POSIX Mach System... system and network hooks ‰ Hackers and jailbreakers who aren’t satisfied with jailbreaking with a ready-made tool, exploit or patch, and want to understand how and what exactly is being patched, and how the system can be further tweaked and bent to their will Note, that in this context, the target audience refers to people who delve deeper into internals for the fun, excitement, and challenge, and not... reproduced on (See Table I-1.) xxxi flast.indd xxxi 9/29/2012 5:55:36 PM INTRODUCTION TABLE I-1: Host Name and Version Information for the Book’s Demos HOST NAME TYPE OS VERSION USED FOR Ergo MacBook Air, 2010 Snow Leopard , 10.6.8 Generic OS X feature demonstration Tested in Snow Leopard and later iPhonoclast iPhone 4S iOS 5.1.1 iOS 5 and later features on an A5 (ARM multi -core) Minion Mac Mini, 2010 Lion,... XNU Mach The BSD Layer libkern I/O Kit Summary References CHAPTER 3: ON THE SHOULDERS OF GIANTS: OS X AND IOS TECHNOLOGIES BSD Heirlooms sysctl kqueues Auditing (OS X) Mandatory Access Control 22 22 23 24 25 25 26 26 28 30 30 31 31 31 34 34 37 44 46 48 48 48 51 51 51 52 52 52 53 55 55 56 57 59 62 OS X- and iOS- Specific Technologies 65 User and Group Management (OS X) System Configuration 65 67 xii ftoc.indd... those of Windows and Android), with its website of http://darwin kerneldevelopers.com (the name chosen in a forward-compatible view of a post OS X era The latter site includes a questions and answers forum, which will hopefully become a bustling arena for OS X and iOS related discussions On the book’s companion website you can fi nd: ‰ An appendix that lists the various POSIX and Mach system calls ‰ The . 11 5 .x — To the iPhone 4S and Beyond 12 iOS vs. OS X 12 The Future of OS X 15 Summary 16 References 16 CHAPTER 2: E PLURIBUS UNUM: ARCHITECTURE OF OS X AND IOS 17 OS X Architectural Overview 17 The. ON THE SHOULDERS OF GIANTS: OS X AND IOS TECHNOLOGIES 55 BSD Heirlooms 55 sysctl 56 kqueues 57 Auditing (OS X) 59 Mandatory Access Control 62 OS X- and iOS- Specifi c Technologies 65 User and. PM9/29/2012 5:55:03 PM Mac OS X and iOS Internals TO THE APPLE’S CORE Jonathan Levin ffirs.indd iiiffirs.indd iii 9/29/2012 5:55:03 PM9/29/2012 5:55:03 PM Mac OS X and iOS Internal Published