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Reseach on building models of community - based tourism (the case of Giang Mo Village, Cao Phong district, Hoa Binh province
1 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES DANG HOANG GIANG RESEARCH ON BUILDING MODELS OF COMMUNITY- BASED TOURISM (CASE STUDY OF GIANG MO VILLAGE, CAO PHONG DISTRICT, HOA BINH PROVINCE) MASTER THESIS SUMMARY Speciality: Vietnamese Studies Code: 60.31.60 Hanoi, 2011 2 The thesis was completed in Hanoi Supervisor: Dr. Le Anh Tuan Reader 1:…………………………………………………………… Reader 2:…………………………………………………………… The thesis will be defended in the meeting of Thesis Council at the Institute of Vietnamese studies at …… o’clock on the date of…: Month…………….: Year………………… The thesis can be found at: Library and Information Center, Vietnam national University, Hanoi 3 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Error! Bookmark not defined. 1. Reason for theme Error! Bookmark not defined. 2. Aims and objectives Error! Bookmark not defined. 3. History of the research problem Error! Bookmark not defined. 4. Subject and scope of the research Error! Bookmark not defined. 5. Research Methodology Error! Bookmark not defined. 6. The layout of the thesis Error! Bookmark not defined. Chapter 1: THEORITIACL AND PRACTICAL FRAMEWORK OF COMMUNITY - BASED TOURISM Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.1. History and opinions of the formation of community - based tourism Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.1.1. History of the formation of community - based tourismError! Bookmark not defined. 1.1.2. Opinions of community - based tourism Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.2. Conditions and principles of community tourism development Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.2.1. Conditions of community - based tourism developmentError! Bookmark not defined. 1.2.1.1. Tourism resources Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.2.1.2. Material and technical facilities Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.2.1.3. Transportation Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.2.1.4. Support service for tourism Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.2.1.5. The preparation of community Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.2.2. Principles of community - based tourism developmentError! Bookmark not defined. 1.2.2.3. Tourism activities decided by local communityError! Bookmark not defined. 1.2.2.4. Preserving resources Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.3. Role of community - based tourism developmentError! Bookmark not defined. 1.3.1. The role of community - based tourism for local communityError! Bookmark not defined. 1.3.2. The role of community - based tourism for local economyError! Bookmark not defined. 4 1.3.3. The role of community - based tourism for resource conservation Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.4. Some of experiences in developing community - based tourism modelError! Bookmark not defined. 1.4.1. In the world Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.4.2. In Viet Nam Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.4.2.1. Models of community - based tourism in Sin Chai village, Sa Pa district, Lao Cai province Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.4.2.2. Models of community - based tourism in Doi village, Namdong district, Thua Thien Hue province Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.5. Conclusion of chapter 1 Error! Bookmark not defined. Chapter 2: CURENT SITUATION OF THE COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM OPERATE AND DEVELOPMENT IN HOA BINH PROVINCE Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.1. Tourism potentiality of Hoa Binh provinceError! Bookmark not defined. 2.1.1. Natural tourism resources Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.1.2. Human tourism resources Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2. Models of community - based tourism in Lac village, Maichau districtError! Bookmark not defined. 2.2.1. The formation and development of community - based tourism in Mai Chau Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2.2. Characteristics of community - based tourism model in the Lac, Mai Chau district Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2.2.1. The role of community Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2.2.2. Types of products Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2.2.3. Characteristics of tourists Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2.2.4. Cooperation mechanisms and sharing related benefitError! Bookmark not defined. 2.2.3. The advantages of community - based tourism to economy, society and culture Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2.3.1. Positive impacts Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2.3.2. Negative impacts Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2.4. Evaluation of community-based tourism model in the Lac village, Mai Chau district Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2.4.1. Strengths Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2.4.2. Limitations and causes Error! Bookmark not defined. 5 2.2.4.3. The lessons experience Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.3. Characteristics of community – based tourism in Cao Phong district, Hoa Binh province Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.3.1. Overview of Cao Phong district Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.3.1.1. Geographic features Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.3.1.2. Administrative boundaries Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.3.1.3. Economic development of Cao Phong districtError! Bookmark not defined. 2.3.2. Tourism potentiality of Cao Phong Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.3.2.1. The basic values Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.3.2.2. Conditions of infrastructure and technical facilitiesError! Bookmark not defined. 2.3.3. Reality of tourism development in the Giang Mo village, Cao Phong district Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.3.3.1. Overvew of the Giang Mo village Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.3.3.2. The result of tourism activities Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.3.3.3. Local communities with tourism activitiesError! Bookmark not defined. 2.3.3.4. Other characteristics Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.3.4. Evaluation of the activities of tourism development in the Giang Mo, Cao Phong district Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.3.4.1. Strengths Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.3.4.2. Limitations and causes Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.4. Compare models of tourism development in Ban Lac, Mai Chau district with Giang Mo village, Cao Phong district . Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.4.1. The same Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.4.2. The different Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.5. Conclusion chapter 2 Error! Bookmark not defined. Chapter 3: DETERMINATION OF BUIDING MODELS OF COMMUNITY - BASED TOURISM IN CAO PHONG DISTRICT, HOA BINH PROVINCE Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.1. Determine of tourism development of Hoa Binh ProvinceError! Bookmark not defined. 3.1.1. Aim of tourism development Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.1.2. Tasks Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2. Orientation for tourism development of Cao Phong district Error! Bookmark not defined. 6 3.3. Determine building community - based tourism model in the Giang Mo village, Cao Phong district Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.4. Put forward community - based tourism development model in Giang Mo village, Cao Phong district Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.4.1. Basis of the proposals Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.4.2. Principles to develope community - based tourism model in Giang Mo village, Cao Phong district Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.4.3. Content of model Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.4.3.1. Defining the role of community Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.4.3.2. Determine the role of management Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.4.3.3. Determine the role of tourism companiesError! Bookmark not defined. 3.4.3.4. Building community mechanism in the benefit sharing between subjectsError! Bookmark not defined. 3.4.3.5. Identify types of products and services Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.4.4. The conditions to establish the model Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.4.4.1. The policy of authorities Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.4.4.2. The availability of community Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.4.4.3. Knowledge of people Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.4.4.4. Infrastructure, facilities upgraded and other essential conditionsError! Bookmark not defined. 3.5. Applying the model for Cao Phong Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.6. Some recommendations Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.6.1. Recommendations to the State management agency on tourism Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.6.2. Recommendations to the provincial People's Committee of Hoa Binh and People's Committee of Cao Phong district Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.6.3. Recommendations for the People's Committee of Binh Thanh communeError! Bookmark not defined. 3.6.4. Recommended for local people Error! Bookmark not defined. REFERENCES Error! Bookmark not defined. 7 INTRODUCTION 1. Reason for theme Nowadays, tourism has become a necessity of life. It is not only a key economy of nations but also a bridge of cultural exchanges among nations and areas in the world. Recently, the tendency of visiting remote mountainous regions, where ethnic minorities live, becomes very popular, especially as for foreign tourists and the youth because of wild natural landscapes and original cultural traits. 8 Consequently, another from of tourism has been development, known as community - based tourism. Community - based tourism is one of very attractive tourism types. It has brought in many benefits of economy and society to communities in the world. In Vietnam, this type has been researched and put into practice in many locals. Cao Phong district, Hoa Binh province, has many tourism resources. Among them community - based tourism relies on exploring culture of ethnic minorities in Giang Mo - the most typical village. However, the tourism operation there has not been managed effectively to meet its potentials. Thus, in the current tourism tendency, studying and expanding the community - based tourism in Giang Mo are very important. In order to improve tourism operations in Cao Phong, it’s necessary to study tourism potentiality as well as reality of the district. From that, we can design and build the suitable model. For these reasons, the researcher decided to carry out an investigation into the issue titled: “Research on building models of community - based tourism in Cao Phong district, Hoa Binh province (for example the Giang Mo)”. 2. Aims and objectives Aims: orientate to building community - based tourism model in Cao Phong district, Hoa Binh Objectives: - To systematize theoretical issues about community - based tourism - To analyze experience in developing community tourism in Mai Chau and some other locals in Vietnam - To analyze evaluate developing community tourism in Cao Phong - To compare model community - based tourism of Lac village to bring out community based model in Cao Phong 3. History of the research problem 9 There were a great number of scientific studies on community - based tourism such as: “Community - based tourism for Conservation and Development” published in 2003 by The Mountain Institute (America), “Community - based tourism – theory and use” (volume 1), PhD. Vo Que (2006), "Sustainable tourism" by Nguyen Dinh Hoe and Vu Van Hieu (2001), "Tourism with problems of ethnic minorities in Sa Pa" by Pham Thi Mong Hoa and Lam Thi Mai Lan (2000),…etc 4. Subject and scope of the research - Subject of research: community - based tourism form and development conditions of community - based tourism. - Scope of content: community relies on exploiting ethnic minorities’ culture. - Scope of space: Cao Phong district, with the Giang Mo village is focused to research Mai Chau district, with Lac village is comparison subjects. - Scope of time: information and data collected from 2005 to 2010. 5. Research Methodology Researcher used 6 methods of scientific research: Researching synthesis theory, comparative approach, methods of sociological investigation, observation, questionnaire method, methods of analysis and synthesis. 6. The layout of the thesis Besides the introduction, conclusion, addendums, references, the thesis includes three chapters as followings: Chapter 1: Theoretical basis and reality of community - based tourism Chapter 2: Current situation of the community-based tourism development operations in Hoa Binh prefecture 10 Chapter 3: Orientation of building models of community - based tourism in Cao Phong district, Hoa Binh province Chapter 1: THEORITIACL AND PRACTICAL FRAMEWORK OF COMMUNITY - BASED TOURISM Chapter 1 presents theoretical basics, concepts of community - based tourism, principles and conditions of community - based tourism. Concurrently, chapter 1 also provides some experience about community - based tourism in Vietnam and other countries. 1.1. History and opinions of the formation of community - based tourism 1.1.1. History of the formation of community - based tourism Community - based tourism (CBT) was derived from tourism village operations in 1970s. Visitors went on walking around village, discovered customs and culture, daily life, festivals of local residents or certain travelers to participate in ecotourism activities. At that time, tourists needed the support of local people as guidance, food, accommodate They called it "the trip has the support of local people." That is the premise for the concept of community tourism development and community - based tourism. Community - based tourism began to develop in Africa, Australia, and America in 1980s and 1990s with the help of NGOs and IUCN. Community - based tourism began to develop straightly in Asia concluding ASEAN countries. 1.1.2. Opinions of community - based tourism The researcher introduces different concepts of scientists around the world and conceptualizes community tourism in the scope of the thesis Community-based tourism develops sustainable regional community in which the subject is directly involved in tourism activities. Regional community providing travel services while conserving the culture resources, natural resources and environment. Concurrently, regional community benefit [...]... Giang Mo village, Cao Phong district The researcher comparing the similarities and differences in models of community - based tourism in the Giang Mo village and in the Lac village is the basis for building a community - based tourism model for Giang Mo in chapter 3 2.4.1 The same 2.4.2 The different 2.5 Conclusion chapter 2 CHAPTER 3 DETERMINATION OF BUIDING MODELS OF COMMUNITY BASED TOURISM IN CAO PHONG. .. PHONG DISTRICT, HOA BINH PROVINCE Chapter 3 presents tourism development orients Hoa Binh province and Cao Phong district, puts forward solution development, determines model and gives some petitions in order to exploit the conditions to develop community based tourism in Cao Phong 3.1 Determine of tourism development of Hoa Binh Province 3.1.1 Aim of tourism development - To promote the advantages of tourism, ... experience of the world and Vietnam - Learning community - based tourism model in the Lac village, Mai Chau district 27 - The needs of visitors 3.4.2 Principles to develope community - based tourism model in Giang Mo village, Cao Phong district - Raising the role of community - Ensuring equality in benefit - Conserving valuable environmental resources 3.4.3 Content of model Defining the role of community -. .. attention - Sustainable community development must be planed to conserve tourism resources and environmental sanitation of the locality 2.3 Characteristics of community - based tourism in Cao Phong, Hoa Binh 2.3.1 Overview of Cao Phong district 2.3.1.1 Geographic features Cao Phong is one of the highland districts of Hoa Binh province boring the eastern borders of Kim Boi district, Tan Lac district,. .. borders of Da Bac District and Hoa Binh town, the south borders Lac Son district Cao Phong district’s territory can be divided into three regions: the mountains (Yen Thuong and Yen Lap communes), the middle (including 8 communes: Dung Phong, Nam Phong, Dong Phong, Tay Phong, Tan Phong, Bac Phong, Thu Phong, and the town of Cao Phong) and the Da river area (Binh Thanh and Thung Nai communes) Cao Phong climate... boundaries In 2001, Cao Phong district was established with 13 communes and 1 town: Nam Phong, Tan Phong, Dong Phong, Xuan Phong, Thu Phong, Bac Phong, Binh Thanh, Thung Nai, and the town of Cao Phong 2.3.1.3 Economic development of Cao Phong district Before the August Revolution in 1945, Cao Phong was under the rule of the regime Lang When invading Vietnam, French colonialists continued to use this... objectives 1.5 Conclusion of chapter 1 Chapter 2: SITUATION OF THE COMMUNITY- BASED TOURISM OPERATE AND DEVELOPMENT IN HOA BINH PROVINCE Chapter 2 presents the conditions for tourism development in Hoa Binh The chapter also introduces community - based tourism model in Lac village, Mai Chau district The conditions and reality of development tourism operation in Giang Mo village include: the conditions about... of community - based tourism development The role of community - based tourism development is analyzed in terms of: local community, local economy and resource conservation 1.4 Some of experiences in developing community - based tourism model 1.4.1 In the world Community - based tourism has been recommended in Huai Hee village, Mae Hong Son province of Thailand Huai Hee village is located in Mae Hong... and non-governmental organizations - The tourism products: according to the visitors, there are 67.6% of visitors commenting that the tourism activities in Giang Mo are also monotonous and poor - Profit splitting mechanism: not clear among the parties 24 - The promotion of tourism: tourism promotion is still insufficient 2.4 Compare models of tourism development in Ban Lac, Mai Chau district with Giang. .. influence the formation and development of community tourism Among them, the tourism resources and participation of local community are extraordinarily important 1.2.2 Principles of community - based tourism development Some principles in order to develop community - based tourism are: - Relying on local community - Allocating profit reasonably - Tourism activities decided by local community - Preserving resources . Characteristics of community - based tourism in Cao Phong, Hoa Binh 2.3.1. Overview of Cao Phong district 2.3.1.1. Geographic features Cao Phong is one of the highland districts of Hoa Binh province. building models of community - based tourism in Cao Phong district, Hoa Binh province (for example the Giang Mo) ”. 2. Aims and objectives Aims: orientate to building community - based tourism model. opinions of the formation of community - based tourism 1.1.1. History of the formation of community - based tourism Community - based tourism (CBT) was derived from tourism village operations