The Idealist Guide to Nonprofit Careers for First-time Job Seekers by Meg Busse with Steven Pascal-Joiner The Idealist Guide to Nonprofit Careers for First-time Job Seekers by Meg Busse with Steven Pascal-Joiner and contributions from Put Barber, David Schachter, Cathy Wasserman, Kelley Carmichael Casey, and Valinda Lee © 2008 Action Without Borders, except where noted otherwise. e entire book is available free of charge at www.idealist.org/beginacareer The Idealist Guide to Nonprofit Careers for First-time Job Seekers Table of Contents Introduction Opening Thoughts: Why do you want to work in the nonprofit sector anyway? 1 Chapter One What exactly is a nonprofit? (The answer will surprise you) 15 Chapter Two Balancing act: The psychology of the job search 27 by Kelley Carmichael Casey, PsyD, Career Counselor and Cathy Wasserman, LMSW, Career, Executive, and Depth Coach Chapter Three Self and career assessment: The foundation of a successful job search and career 36 by Cathy Wasserman, LMSW, Career, Executive, and Depth Coach and David Schachter, Assistant Dean for Career Services and Experiential Learning at NYU’s Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service Chapter Four Networking: Is it really all about who you know? Yes. 55 Chapter Five Become a stronger candidate: Nine ways to get out and involved 72 Chapter Six Tools for the job search: Researching all the opportunities in your chosen location 98 Chapter Seven Does your work work for you? Evaluating organizational culture 115 Chapter Eight Presenting yourself on paper: Resumes and cover letters 125 by David Schachter, Assistant Dean for Career Services and Experiential Learning at NYU’s Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service Chapter Nine Presenting yourself in person: Interviews and first impressions 149 by David Schachter, Assistant Dean for Career Services and Experiential Learning at NYU’s Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service Chapter Ten Closing the deal: Understanding benefits and the art of negotiation 161 Chapter Eleven Staying ready: A career search doesn’t end when you get a job 177 Chapter Twelve Nonprofit hiring practices: The challenges of the job market 184 Chapter Thirteen It’s not what you think: Dispelling some misconceptions about the nonprofit world 193 Chapter Fourteen Starting your own nonprofit: Five tips, one warning, and eleven first steps 204 by Put Barber, Senior Researcher, Idealist.org, and Editor of the Nonprofit FAQ Conclusion Closing thoughts: Know yourself, the sector, and the points of synergy 217 Appendix One Nonprofitspeak 101: A primer on the nonprofit sector’s vocabulary 223 by Put Barber, Senior Researcher, Idealist.org, and Editor of the Nonprofit FAQ The Idealist Guide to Nonprofit Careers for First-time Job Seekers • Table of Contents Idealist.org The Idealist Guide to Nonprofit Careers for First-time Job Seekers • Introduction • 1 Idealist.org A brave new nonprofit world Nonprofit. Charity. Nongovernmental organization. Nonprofits have historically been defined by what they are not (profit-making) or by what they give away. ese terms can conjure up images of soup kitchens run out of church basements, people collecting signatures on street corners, and organizations of “do-gooders” striving to compensate for a lack of funds by working long hours and relying on volunteers. Yet this image of the nonprofit sector is far from complete. In the United States, today’s nonprofits make up a vibrant, innovative, multi-trillion dollar sector that is continually evolving and adapting to society’s needs and con- straints. e list of nonprofits in the United States and in your community will prob- ably surprise you: private universities like Harvard or public ones like Texas A&M; multi-billion dollar area hospitals; international relief organizations like Doctors Without Borders; religious organizations ranging from local congregations to na- tional groups like Focus on the Family or the American Friends Service Commit- tee; organizations spanning the length of the left-right, liberal-conservative political spectrum; and membership organizations like the American Bar Association, the American Civil Liberties Union, and the National Rifle Association. Additionally, the traditionally clear lines delineating nonprofit, for-profit, and government sectors are dissolving into porous borders where corporations are stepping up to be respon- sible social stewards, government agencies are contracting out much of their work to nonprofits, and nonprofits are becoming more lean and efficient in the face of limited funding and, yes, competition. Given these shifting borders of responsibility and focus, nonprofits are actively looking for entrepreneurial, innovative, and vision- ary people with the skills to take on a variety of roles. Get an overview of the purpose of The Idealist Guide.• Learn about the thematic “threads” woven through the chapters.• Meet the authors and learn about the organizations behind this book.• Learn about the summary and “you are here” information on the last page of each section.• In this introduction you will: introduction Opening thoughts Why do you want to work in the nonprofit sector anyway? The Idealist Guide to Nonprofit Careers for First-time Job Seekers • Introduction • 2 Idealist.org Recent graduates who are interested in finding “work with meaning” and a way to give back to society while also earning a paycheck can find a plethora of opportuni- ties in the nonprofit sector. is book will help you understand the vibrancy and breadth of the sector, as well as assist you in your journey along a meaningful career path to nonprofit work. Nonprofits are no longer a place where you work for a few years after college or in transition between “real jobs.” Today, nonprofits are a place where you can lead a challenging and fulfilling lifelong career. As you explore nonprofit opportunities with this book, set aside your notions of “what a nonprofit is” and prepare to discover a sector that will, we think, surprise you. Advantages and disadvantages of working in nonprofits ere is no question that nonprofits tend to attract people with certain shared values. A typical profile of nonprofit professionals would include their desire to wed their passion for the issues that inspire them with their paid work; a focus on the bottom line of positive social change; and a real interest in making a tangible difference in the communities they serve. is merging of passion, purpose, and paycheck can be a strong pull for people seeking to find meaning in their daily lives. is genuine appeal of meaningful work, combined with the traditional (and still often accurate) perception of nonprofits as more laid back and less formal, attracts many people to the sector. In recent interviews with nonprofit human resource professionals conducted by Idealist.org, several respondents spoke of individuals simply wanting to work in a nonprofit environment regardless of the organization’s mission or structure, or the role that they would play. In other words, professionals are drawn to the non- profit sector by a variety of perceived advantages that the work holds over careers in the private/for-profit or public/government sectors. Yet, while many of these advantages do exist, one must be careful to not blissfully overlook the challenges of nonprofit work. The advantages ere are many reasons why nonprofit work is appealing. Some of the generalizations of nonprofits—laid back, friendly, mission-driven—are based in a reality that appeals to various types of personalities. Some advantages of nonprofit work can include: e ability to do • meaningful work that focuses less on results benefiting the employer and more on creating positive change in the community at large. What that “positive change” entails is the prerogative of the nonprofit orga- nization. A nonprofit career also allows you do to the kind of work that you might otherwise only be able to do on your own (unpaid) time. More • “hands-on” opportunities that allow you to directly experience the positive outcomes of your work. SURELY THERE ISN’T A PLACE IN NONPROFITS FOR MY KIND OF WORK! The nonprofit sector has opportunities for almost every major, minor, or skill set. If you want to be an accountant, market- ing specialist, actor, lawyer, baker, researcher, teacher, coach, carpen- ter, computer technician, or spe- cialist in any of a myriad of other “non-traditional” professions, there is a place in the nonprofit sector for your skills and talents. common MISTAKES ! What are these colorful text boxes? For an explanation of the sidebars and “threads” that appear through- out this book, please see pages 8-9. The Idealist Guide to Nonprofit Careers for First-time Job Seekers • Introduction • 3 Idealist.org A greater • flexibility in how the work is carried out, how benchmarks are met, and which alternative strategies to employ in order to accomplish the mission of an organization. A more • casual work environment. is can include a more relaxed dress code, flexible schedules, and an open physical work environment. e opportunity to “• wear several hats.” Since many nonprofits are under- staffed, nonprofit professionals have the chance to perform many different job functions and move outside of a strict set of job responsibilities. is allows for a greater opportunity to learn new skills and further develop pre- existing abilities on the job. Greater levels of • responsibility. Professionals in nonprofits are often al- lowed or required to take on more responsibilities than professionals in other sectors where there may be more resources to hire additional staff. Examples include: managing staff and volunteers, working on projects outside of their expertise, and collaborating with outside individuals and organizations in a meaningful capacity. e potential for rapid • job advancement. While advancement may be lim- ited within a specific organization, it is often possible to move between or- ganizations while also advancing up the responsibility ladder. Nonprofits see quality managers as a much sought-after commodity, allowing emerging professionals a chance to advance quickly. A greater organizational • culture of like-minded people, inspiring teamwork and collaboration instead of internal competition. Often, nonprofit profession- als are strongly invested in their work and this dedication can be contagious. More • generous benefits. Nonprofits often offer lower wages than other sec- tors. However, many organizations make up for this possible salary gap by offering excellent health benefits for the employee and their family, retire- ment plans, more vacation time, and other “perks” that can help balance out a smaller paycheck. Nonprofits can sometimes • act more quickly than government or for-profit organizations to fill a niche, meet a need, or be entrepreneurial. Just as when you talk about working in a “business culture” or “government culture”, working in a “nonprofit culture” can have many positive attributes. However, these ad- vantages, like anything you say about the nonprofit sector, are not universal truths. ey will vary depending on factors such as organizational culture, budgetary limitations, your personality and the personalities of your colleagues, and the type of work involved. The disadvantages A job at a nonprofit does not necessarily mean that you have found your workplace nirvana. It takes a particular set of skills and priorities to find success and happiness in the nonprofit sector. Whether or not you can deal with the following disadvan- tages is a crucial litmus test for your potential success in the sector. It takes a particular set of skills and priorities to find success and happiness in the nonprofit sector.” The Idealist Guide to Nonprofit Careers for First-time Job Seekers • Introduction • 4 Idealist.org Lower wages• . Nonprofits usually pay less than comparable for-profit and public positions. Usually. Mid- to upper-level nonprofit managers, espe- cially in large organizations, often have similar salary ranges to comparable positions in other sectors. However, people fresh out of college can often adjust to this pay disparity more readily than professionals with some level of paid experience. Burnout• is a common reality in the nonprofit world. Part of the personal and professional investment in a nonprofit’s cause means often blurring the line that should divide your work and home life balance. Nonprofit work is com- monly more than a 40-hour-a-week commitment, and this can mean any- thing from working long hours to attending evening and weekend obligations (fundraisers, community events, etc.). When you consistently “take your work home” or have work responsibilities seep into your personal time, you are more likely to burn out. Furthermore, many of the issues that nonprofits deal with on a daily basis have no tangible solution. is lack of an achievable goal (like ending poverty) coupled with an inability to objectively measure the impact of a nonprofit’s efforts can also lead to frustration and potential burnout. Turnover• can be high in nonprofit organizations for a variety of reasons. People move on to better paying jobs or higher level positions in other organizations, make the decision to go back to school, or decide to switch sectors. Turnover can also be more prevalent in the sector because of the large number of young- er people working in nonprofits who tend to change jobs more frequently. On an organizational level, many nonprofits lack the infrastructural tools (profes- sional development, leadership training, and so on) to retain their employees. Turnover can be especially difficult in the nonprofit sector since the nature of the work often inspires camaraderie and closeness between colleagues, and because in smaller organizations, a single person’s departure can mean the loss of a good deal of institutional memory and community connections. Nonprofits can have • different (or fewer) structures than other sectors. Pro- fessionals who need hierarchies with clear benchmarks, deliverables, and tasks may find nonprofit work frustrating. A nonprofit’s goal is to fulfill their mis- sion, in whatever way they see fit. In working toward meeting their mission, ef- ficiency has not always been a priority. However, with the increasingly higher standards of accountability and the fierce competition for funding, efficiency and organization are becoming watchwords for the sector. Social change is slow and unpredictable. e • length of the struggle can frustrate organizations that address social change issues. Consider how long it took for women to be allowed to vote in the United States or how long it took for the civil rights struggle or the environmental movement to start effecting real change. e unpredictability of government policy (which can change whenever new lawmakers take office); shifting priorities in social, The Idealist Guide to Nonprofit Careers for First-time Job Seekers • Introduction • 5 Idealist.org economic, and cultural movements; and natural disasters and other crises can derail years of work invested by nonprofits. Nonprofits, true to their name, are often • lacking in resources. Many non- profits are chronically underfunded and rely largely on volunteers who, while critical to the success of the sector, may or may not be as available or reliable as paid staff. is can mean that already overworked staff members must pick up the slack. Many nonprofits suffer from what is called • “Founders’ Syndrome”, the propensity of an organization’s founders (be it one person or a group) to have a deep sense of ownership over and responsibility for the organization. ose who have been there from the start are often reluctant to leave or to change how things have always been done. is can have several effects on subsequent staff, including limited decision-making power in matters of organizational change; a lack of succession planning within the nonprofit (few or no internal mechanisms to prepare the new generations of leaders); and a lack of clear hierarchy below the founders that makes it hard for staff to grasp the necessary steps to becoming a future manager or leader. e resulting limited potential for advancement within some nonprofit organi- zations means you may be less likely to become the supervisor of coworkers than in other sectors. is, along with the irreplaceable skill sets (at least in- ternally) of many nonprofit leaders, often forces nonprofits to look externally when filling an upper management position. ere is still an all-too-common misconception of nonprofits as a place for • unfocused do-gooders to get together and complain about the status quo before they have to go out and “get a real job”. Ironically, the nonprofit sec- tor, despite being the backbone of much of the social change that has taken place throughout U.S. history, is still emerging as a credible sector. us, as a professional interested in nonprofit work, you will often face questions from family and friends—your support network—who may not understand why you are involved in nonprofit work, why you would “waste your talent”, or why you would choose nonprofit work over a more financially rewarding career. As with the advantages of nonprofit work, the disadvantages and drawbacks vary based on the organization. Finding organizations that are proactively looking to make these challenges a thing of the nonprofit past should be a key part of your search for meaningful work in the sector. But be aware that many of these draw- backs, to some degree, will exist. Deciding whether these kinds of disadvantages would prohibit you from finding fulfilling work is an important consideration when exploring the nonprofit sector. The Idealist Guide to Nonprofit Careers for First-time Job Seekers • Introduction • 6 Idealist.org The nonlinear career path Gone are the days of 40 years of service to the company for a gold watch and a re- tirement dinner. e baby boomers began nonlinear career paths in earnest decades ago and subsequent generations have reinforced and built upon this current work- place reality. Members of today’s workforce know that they are moving through a series of positions and responsibilities and few, if any, are settling down in one job without (at least occasionally) looking to see what else is out there. is mobility of professionals lends itself well to building transferable skill sets. Many for-profits are looking for ways to be good stewards to all aspects of their supply chain: the employees, the customers, even the planet itself. Most for-profits are also looking to be more transparent in their dealings and to garner the trust of skeptics. At the same time, nonprofits are looking to an increasingly competitive funding market and are developing ways to both serve their mission and stay afloat. Government agencies, too, are looking to shed their image of being ineffective and unresponsive bureaucra- cies. As these three sectors apply techniques and best practices borrowed from other sectors, each is looking for professionals with the transferable skills that are needed to stay current, relevant, competitive, and innovative. e nonprofit sector, being so vast in both the kinds of organizations it encompasses and the range of social missions it promotes, is an excellent place to lead a nonlinear career path. It is especially true in nonprofit work that people in leadership roles like Executive Director, Chief Program Officer, or HR Director often come to their position through a winding and indirect route. As nonprofit professionals navigate this nonlinear career path, they pick up skill sets from the various positions they fill. is accumulation of expertise—fundraising, volunteer management, community development, project management, etc.—is becoming more and more the norm for nonprofit leaders. In other words, nonprofits are both looking for and encouraging people who follow nonlinear careers. Who are you? Where do you want to go? How can this book help? Simply put, it is not enough to know that you want to work in the nonprofit sector. e first step you should take on your journey into the sector is to do a self-assess- ment of your interests. is first step can lead to a deeper knowledge of self. Your second step is to gain a thorough knowledge of the sector. is means making sure you have a clear understanding of the nonprofit landscape both in your geographic area and your areas of focus. is also implies understanding the opportunities for the kind of work you want to do within your community or a community where you It is not enough to know that you want to work in the nonprofit sector.” The Idealist Guide to Nonprofit Careers for First-time Job Seekers • Introduction • 7 Idealist.org would like to (or have to) live. ere is a clear difference between professionals who want a job in a nonprofit and professionals who are looking for a specific position or role. Nonprofit employers want professionals interested in the job they are trying to fill (i.e., event planner at a mental health agency), and not just interested in the kind of work environment that nonprofits offer. ey want people who understand themselves and therefore understand why they will be a good fit for particular roles within an organization. e way you will truly stand out in your nonprofit career search is to make sure you have a strong sense of what you are looking for and then make sure you know how to look for it. Chapter One offers an overview of the nonprofit sector, giving a brief discussion of the diverse historical and legal space occupied by nonprofits as well as the societal benefits that accrue from these organizations. Chapter Two discusses the psycho- logical swings of the job search and ways to stay motivated during your transition. Chapter ree takes you through the process of assessing your needs and under- standing the current nonprofit environment. From here, the third step is to find the synergy between what you want and what is available. Chapters Four, Five, Six, and Seven are all about getting out and involved in your career search. Covering activities like networking, volunteering, furthering your education, and conducting research, these chapters can guide you as you move along the career continuum in search of new opportunities. Chapters Eight and Nine focus on how you present yourself to potential employ- ers—from resume and cover letter basics to interview preparation and advice on making the right first impression. Chapter Ten will help you understand compen- sation packages and whether to accept a job offer, while Chapter Eleven provides reasons for and tips on continuing your job search even after getting an offer. In the Reality Check section, Chapter Twelve outlines pros and cons of nonprofit hiring practices and Chapter irteen tackles some of the misconceptions and som- ber realities of the nonprofit sector as a whole. e intent of these chapters is not to discourage you from considering nonprofit work. Rather, they are meant to ensure that you have all the information you need, both positive and negative, to make the best decisions during your career exploration. And if you are considering starting your own nonprofit organization, Chapter Fourteen is essential reading. It is our pleasure to support you as you begin this exciting journey of discovery. We hope that you will find the information, activities, and advice in the book helpful as you explore both where you are in your career right now and where you want to go within the wonderfully vibrant slice of society known as the nonprofit sector. [...]... idea to carefully consult those before starting an advocacy campaign or a The differences among the nonprofit, for- profit, and public sectors lobbying effort As opposed to the public (government) sector and the for- profit (business) sector, the nonprofit sector (also referred to as nongovernmental, independent, philanthropic, Idealist. org The Idealist Guide to Nonprofit Careers for First- time Job Seekers. .. that there is no simple categorization for the work that they do Idealist. org The Idealist Guide to Nonprofit Careers for First- time Job Seekers • Chapter One • 18 Various types of nonprofit organizations Nonprofits can also be understood by sorting them into three broad groups based on: • Who they serve: their member base or the general public • The cause(s) on which they focus • The role that they... www.self-leadershipstrategies.com Idealist. org The Idealist Guide to Nonprofit Careers for First- time Job Seekers • Chapter Two • 30 According to the National Association for Counseling and Development, the average person goes through five to seven careers and 10 to 12 job changes during their Put yourself out there effectively the baby boomer generation held nearly ten jobs before they turned 36 Because of There’s something lifetime... Final Topline Report: Health of the Nonprofit, For- profit, and Public Service Sectors February 2002 Available at www.brookings.edu/views/papers/light/NonprofitTopline.PDF Idealist. org The Idealist Guide to Nonprofit Careers for First- time Job Seekers • Chapter One • 25 SUMMARY Learning about the nonprofit sector is essential to being informed and successful in your nonprofit career search This information... like to thank Gloria Ackerson, Grants Manager, and Caroline Altman Smith, Program Officer, for their incredible support Idealist. org The Idealist Guide to Nonprofit Careers for First- time Job Seekers • Introduction • 9 About the authors Meg Busse Meg Busse has been the High School and College Coordinator for Idealist. org since early 2007 Along with creating resources like The Idealist Guide to Nonprofit. .. Wootan Idealist. org The Idealist Guide to Nonprofit Careers for First- time Job Seekers • Introduction • 12 Thanks go to Dave Amos, who created the webspace for this book (www .idealist. org/ careerguide); to Eric Fichtl, who guided the book’s editing and production; and to Russ Finkelstein, who provided constant support and leadership to the entire team behind the book Grateful acknowledgment is made to. .. you have with organizations from each sector The Idealist Guide to Nonprofit Careers for First- time Job Seekers • Chapter One • 24 Benefits of working in nonprofits In 2002, the Brookings Institute4 surveyed workers to gauge their perceptions of the nonprofit, for- profit, and government sectors While it is interesting to see how each sector perceives itself, the results also showed some surprising contrasts... many interesting debates you may encounter in the sector—whatever you call it The Idealist Guide to Nonprofit Careers for First- time Job Seekers • Chapter One • 23 Conclusion There is an incredible range of organizations, missions, tax statuses, and job opportunities within the nonprofit sector One of the misconceptions about working in the nonprofit sector is that it is all direct service work such... achieve success Idealist. org The Idealist Guide to Nonprofit Careers for First- time Job Seekers • Chapter One • 15 While youth centers and soup kitchens are often the first type of nonprofits that come to mind, the sector also includes religious institutions, universities, hospitals, trade associations, unions, and museums The sector includes organizations with values all along the liberal to conservative... Careers for First- time Job Seekers • Chapter One • 17 the interests of the organization at heart, leads with the mission statement foremost in their minds, and makes decisions on the organization’s structure and activities as they relate to achieving the mission A snapshot of the nonprofit sector The box below gives an indication of the scale and scope of the U.S nonprofit sector But despite these significant . FAQ The Idealist Guide to Nonprofit Careers for First-time Job Seekers • Table of Contents Idealist. org The Idealist Guide to Nonprofit Careers for First-time Job Seekers • Introduction • 1 Idealist. org A. The Idealist Guide to Nonprofit Careers for First-time Job Seekers by Meg Busse with Steven Pascal-Joiner The Idealist Guide to Nonprofit Careers for First-time Job Seekers by Meg. exploring the nonprofit sector. The Idealist Guide to Nonprofit Careers for First-time Job Seekers • Introduction • 6 Idealist. org The nonlinear career path Gone are the days of 40 years of service to