[...]... through to the launch of the industrial production process, implies the contribution of numerous scientific disciplines, in other words the existence of major centres of competency, as well as perfect harmony between all the experts involved - The major centres of competency in Organic Chemistry, the foundation of Rh6ne-Poulenc Group Chemicals Sector's technical activity, are the fruit of many years of basic... on the choice and development of industrial synthesis pathways for new Fine Chemical intermediates, to studies aimed at understanding chemical phenomena linked to process Safety, from work dealing with the treatment and formation of organic solids in order to tailor their properties, to development of analytical techniques enabling detection of the origin of products, - and work on the development of. .. problems The use of stoichiometrical quantities of Lewis acid results in the formation of a complex at the end of the reaction between the aryl ketone formed and the Lewis acid ~ C/? / .MCln u To resolve the effluent problem, much work has been performed investigating the conditions or catalysts that enable the Friedel-Crafts acylation to be performed with catalytic quantities of Lewis acid Whilst the Friedel-Crafts... provide better characterisation of reaction processes and products The diversity of topics covered in this book clearly shows the scope required nowadays, in terms of fields of knowledge and expertise, to enable the development of new processes and to the industrialisation and commercialisation of new intermediates The speed with which the complex new process or product development procedure must take... in the CH3COC1 / 4-methylacetophenone ratio, 5"1 instead of 1"1 does not change the degree of complexed ketone (Table 6) which shows that the interaction between ketone and Lewis acid is much greater than the interaction between the acid chloride and the Lewis acid in the case of the metal halides studied 12 Table 6 Degree of complexed 4-methyl acetophenone measured by infrared using a mixture of acetyl... stages The activation of acid chloride by the Lewis acid (eqn 2) O 0,, //' R C \ C1 + MCln "- R C ~ \ (2) %'MCln / CI" The reaction of the activated acid chloride with the aromatic compound to give a complex (eqn.3) 0E~ MCln_ -~ + O, R C ~" """MCln R' R ~ \cr"'" ~ 1 (3) R' The aromatisation of the complex (eqn 4) | O ,.AICI3 /0 ,-MCIn C,, R,,,-"" +HC1 ~ R' (4) The decomplexation between the Lewis... collection of papers dealing with various aspects of inorganic chemistry: - from exploratory work on the reactivity and selectivity of new reactions to studies on the reaction mechanisms of well known reactions, -from work highlighting the potential of certain technologies for new reactions (bioconversion, organometallic catalysis, etc.), to studies illustrating the potential for synthesis of certain... activator, usually a Lewis acid However, as a result of the complexation of this Lewis acid with the formed ketone, more than one mole of catalyst is required per mole of reagent It cannot be reused because the ketone is isolated after hydrolysis of the complex Such is the dilemma of Friedel-Crafts acylation (refs 4-6) in the presence of the traditional catalyst, aluminum chloride (eqn 2) ArH + RCOX + A1C13... and the aryl ketone formed (eqn 5) o .M C h R,~\ ~ / + xR R,/k / R MCln (5) The Friedel-Crafts acylation with catalytic quantities of Lewis acid requires a knowledge of the equilibria (2) and (5) INTERACTIONS W I T H LEWIS ACIDS OF M E T A L HALIDE TYPE Complexation of acid chlorides D.E.H Jones and J.L Wood (ref 7) used infrared spectroscopy to study the chloride complexes of acidic A1CI3 The study of. .. when the catalyst is on a graphite substrate (ref 9) Other recent works concerning the catalytic acylation of aromatic ethers concern : - t h e use of Lewis acid-lithium or silver salt (AgC104 or AgSbF6) systems (ref 10), boron (ref 11) or metallic triflates (ref 12), the latter being reusable catalysts, or also zinc chloride on a clay substrate ("Clayzic") (ref 13) ; the study of the regiochemistry of . the treatment and formation of organic solids in order to tailor their properties, to development of analytical techniques enabling detection of the origin of products, - and work on the development. particular the Management of the Chemical Sector of the CNRS, the Research Directors of our sectors as well as the group leaders of our Research Centres, have all contributed to this development. other words the existence of major centres of competency, as well as perfect harmony between all the experts involved. The major centres of competency in Organic Chemistry, the foundation of