[...]... Controls Of Windows Compiz, Metacity, kwin Toolkits GTK, Qt, Moif, Xaw Session Manager gnome-session, ksmserver Display Manager - Local X Server Startup and User Authentication gdm, kdm, xdm X Window Server - Display Hardware Management Xorg Network Transports - Client -Server Connections TCP/IP, Unix domain sockets Figure 1-1 The layers of an X- based GUI Elements at the top of the diagram are the most visible... terms of two eras: Old X (1984–1996) and New X (2000–present) Old X was characterized by the development of the core protocols, essential extensions, and Xt-based toolkits New X development was kicked off by the release of the RENDER extension in 2000, which, along with Xft, OpenGL, the COMPOSE extension, and non-Xt toolkits (Qt and KDE), is causing large portions of the core X protocol to fall into... automatically select the default local connection scheme; if the default isn’t a Unix domain socket, then some systems permit a host value of unix to force a domain socket to be used Unix domain sockets for the X server are created in /tmp/ .X1 1-unix and are named according to the display number (therefore, /tmp/ .X1 1-unix /X0 is the Unix domain socket for local display :0) 1.14 TCP/IP Ports 21 ... to His glory Preface xiii Part I I The X Server 1 Chapter 1 Introduction to the X Window System 1.1 The X Window System The X Window System is a portable, network-based display system That short definition contains three of the keys to X s success: Portable The X Window System is primarily used on Unix, Linux, and BSD systems, but it can also be used on Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, and many other systems—in... Covers the safe and effective use of X s powerful remote-display capabilities Chapter 14, Using VNC Explores the incredibly flexible Virtual Network Computer cross-platform display technology, which can be used with X in many powerful ways x Preface Preface Part V: Special Configurations Chapter 15, Building a Kiosk Discusses how public-access GUI systems can be built using X Window technology Conventions... hardware capabilities Themes provide extensive opportunities for easy customization 1.4 X by Any Other Name The X Window System goes by many different names, and sometimes this is a source of confusion According to the manpage, X should be referenced using one of these names: • X • X Window System • X Version 11 • X Window System, Version 11 • X1 1 Notice that X Windows” is not on that list; this omission... from monochrome to 256-color palettes, with very few high-end systems providing full-color capabilities Palette management issues were a major headache 3D hardware was rare and very expensive LCD displays were rare except on laptops, which seldom exceed 0.75 megapixels (1024 × 768) 24-bit palette-free color with 3D capabilities, and hardware acceleration is standard issue 0.75 megapixel resolution (1024... bytes is: WidthInPixels * HeightInPixels * BytesPerPixel Therefore, a 1280 × 1024 display with 3 bytes (24 bits) per pixel of color information would take: 1280 x 1024 x 3 = 3932160 bytes = 3.75 MB Note that since most modern CPUs deal with memory in 32-bit words, many 24-bit video modes actually devote 32 bits to each pixel to simplify manipulation of the data This wastes 8 bits per pixel, but the resulting... megapixel resolution (1024 × 768) is considered entry level; high-end systems have multimegapixel displays at resolutions up to 200 dpi 1.25 megapixel and higher laptop displays are common Hand-held systems sport resolutions of 320 × 400 and up 1.3 The Renaissance: New X Versus Old X 5 1.4 Element Old X New X Client appearance Low-resolution, high-contrast (to work with the display hardware) with minimal... greater accuracy and clarity DVI-D supports dual-channel connections for high-resolution displays (above 1.25 megapixels) and may use high-bandwidth digital content protection (HDCP) signal encryption 16 Chapter 1: Introduction to the X Window System 1.10 High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) HDMI provides an easy-to-use single connector that incorporates a DVI-D compatible digital video signal . information contained herein. This book uses RepKover ™ , a durable and flexible lay-flat binding. ISBN-10: 0-5 9 6-1 019 5-3 ISBN-13: 97 8-0 -5 9 6-1 019 5-4 [M] iii Table of Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . author, publisher, and ISBN. For example: X Power Tools, by Chris Tyler. Copyright 2008 O’Reilly Media Inc., 97 8-0 -5 9 6-1 019 5-4 .” If you feel your use of code examples falls outside fair use or. 95472 80 0-9 9 8-9 938 (in the United States or Canada) 70 7-8 2 9-0 515 (international or local) 70 7-8 2 9-0 104 (fax) We have a web page for this book, where we list errata, examples, and any addi- tional