- '^^m Cam nhan ve minh triet va minh triet Viet DO LAITHUY T he gidi hien nay dang sdng van hoa hau hien dai. Trong khi cho'ng lai cac dai tir sir, nhai la chii truang thay the ly thuyet he thdng, ca'u tnic bang ly thuyet mang ludi hay tlidn re, thi viec ho hao phuc hung minh triei, nhu la cai ddi lap vdi triei hpc, cung la d^ hieu, vi diSu do, vo tlnh hay huu y, nam trong chie'n lupc chung ciia hau hien dai. Viet Nam la mpt dai nudc chii yeu con d tinh trang tien hien dai, con dang cong nghiep hda, liieii dgi lida, nen u'ng xir vdi hau hien dai noi chung va minh triei noi rieng khong the gidng nhu ling xir ciia mpt nudc da trai qua hien dai va gid day dang ddi mat vdi hau hien dai. Bdi the, mpt mat chung ta cap nhat vdi cac trao luu ciia the gidi, de biei ngifdi (rdi mdi) biei miiili (1), mat khac phai y thiic dugc dp chenh giiJa ta va the gidi, de co su nhan biei thuc sir, tranh thai dp v6 vap thai qua cung nhu sir quy kei chdi bd. Viet Nam la mpt dai nudc, theo Tran Qudc Vuong, nong dan, nong nghiep, nong thon, nhai la nhirng cai nong ay lai deu la tieu nong, nen rai chudng thuc te, tham chf trd thanh thuc dung, chua co su phat trien ciia y thiic ca nhan, 6c duy ly va tu duy tu bien. Bdi the, no khong co ton giao ban dia, noi gi den ton giao ldn, va, do do, khong co triei hpc. Cac tdn giao ngoai nhu Phat giao, Nho giao, Lao giao, Kito giao, cung nhu cac hpc thuyet triei hpc khac nhau, mpt khi nhap canh vao Viet Nam, thi phan triei ly, duy niem, hinh nhi thupng ft nhi6u dSu bi giu lai d cira khaiu, di qua dugc chi la phan thuc hanh, nghi thiic, duy thuc, hinh nhi ha. Bdi the, tai ca cac cu, khong trir mot ai, Thich Ca, Khdng Tir, Lao Tir, les us, Marx deu nhanh chong bi tiiili tlidn Idng .xd bien thanh cac vi than bao trp, ban phiic giang hpa. Con cac hpc thuyet triei hpc thi cung sdm roi vao tinh trang chua chin dd ndu. Cau noi day true giac ciia Vu Trpng Phung, toi nghi, khong phai la khong co hat nhan hop ly: "Dai Co Viet ta la cai dai can cdi, nhung ly thuyet va tu tudng a dau dau, tdt dep the nao mac long, cung cii den day la thdi nat"(2). Viet Nam ta, do khong co sir phat trien triei hoc nhu vay, 86 310 Thang 4-2010 -PIIM PAN VAN HhA NinHF TH' 'AT lai cang khong noi de'n su phat trien da thanh mpt he thdng qua duy iy, chat che de'n mirc khong thd dugc, nen chua co nhu cau thuc su. ben trong trd ve hay di de'n minh triei nhu d phuang Tay Con phong trao trd ve vdi minh triet, nhai la minh triei Viet, hien nay, tuy khdng phai la nhu cau gia, nhung, theo toi. chii yeu xuai phat tir sir phan iing, biic xuc nao do vdi nhiing ly thuyet ndu do nguoi biing trdng khdng mat tay. hay no khong hgp thiiy thd, hay CO su ion song muc dfch - phuang tien. Bdi the, thay vi phii nhan triei hpc noi chung de thay the no bang minh triei, Viet Nam can phai di bang hai chan: vira ve vdi minh triei nhu mpt cai gi do quen thupc, ciia ta, vira tim hie'u ngn triei hpc the gidi de tie'n tdi xay dung lay mot triei hpc cho ta. Dl bang mpt chan, tire chuyen tir sir me sang ly thuyet nay sang su me sang ly thuyet khac, thi khong the di ldu va, quan trpng hon, di xa dugc, va, xet cho ciing, thi khap khieng cung khong phai la minh triei. Hon nira, minh triei Viet, nhin tir thuc chai, chil ye'u la minh triei ddn gian (indigenous mind), //;//;/( triei thitc tien (ddi lap vdi minh triei ly thuyei theo khai niem ciia Aristote)(3). Minh triei gdn lien vdi kinh nghiem, diing hon chi'nh la kinh nghiem, nen no cung gan vdi chii the ciia kinh nghiem do. Ngudi tieu nong Viet, ma ngudi Viet Nam nao, lai vin theo Tran Qudc Vugng, lai cha mang mpt cdn tiiili nong ddn, dii CO phat trien den dau thi xkn la iigitdi tieu ky (thuat ngu ciia Tran Dinh Hugu), nen the gidi kinh nghiem ciia hp phan ldn la ngheo nan, han hep, tfnh phd quat khdng cao, nhai la hien nay, khi chiing ta budc \'ao the gioi cong nghiep va hau cong nghiep thi didu ay cang lp ro. Cho nen thir iniiili triei trong ddi .sdng thudng ngdy nay thudng chi the hien d chd biei "suy tfnh nhung gi la tdt, la thiei thuc cho minh de co dugc mpt cupc sdng tdt" (dinh nghia minh triei thuc tien ciia Aristote, ddn theo Hoang Ngpc Hieii). Nhung, diSu quan trpng la nhung quan niem "tdt", "thiei thuc", "cupc sdng tdt" lai bi quy dinh bdi tinh tiSu ndng va tinh than lang xa. Con, cu the hon, mudn noi "cupc sdng tdt" ciia minh triei Viet la "sdng tir te", "sdng hdn hoi" thi lieu chiing ta. do doi hoi ciia trang thai nhan the hom nay va nhu cau ly thuyet hoa, cd "gan nghia" cho no khong. Minh triet, phan nao cflng gidng nhu vo thirc, mpt khi da dugc/ bi ly thuyet hoa, thi no khdng con la minh triei nu'a? Phan niinli triei hdc hoc trong minh triei Viet lai chil ye'u nit ra ttr triei ly cua cac ton giao ldn du nhap vao Viet Nam va co phdn nao dupc ban dia hoa. Triei ly phuang Dong, theo Kim Dinh, mang nhu'ng dac diem ciia tu duy minh triei. bdi no tdn tai nhu la nhung ldi giao huan dudi dang vdn tdt kieu cham ngon, ldi noi con gdn lidn vdi nhan than ngudi noi, tham chf ldi noi (vo ngon) chinh Id nhan each ngudi noi, mpt khi anh ta trd thanh tam guang. Nhu vay. muc tieu ciia triei Dong la xiem duong chdn ly qua con dudng thd nghiem, true giac, chii khong phai la tri thitc qua con dudng phan tfch, phe phan nhu triei Tay. Minh triei bac hpc Viet, vi the. la mpt tap hpp nhu'ng cau chdm ngon thien ve dao ly. dao diic, each iing xir da tach rdi khdi he thdng xuat than ciia no de cho ngudi Viet tu do didn giai va tu do van dung. Khi no phii hgp vdi kinh nghiem ciia ngudi Viet, dugc kinh nghiem dd lap day, thi nd sdng. Con khi no trai vdi kinh nghiem thuc tidn, thi no trd thanh khdu hidu, ldi noi sudng: no chdi, hoac. diing hem. no sdng cai ddi sdng ky hidu ciia no de phuc \'u mpt quyen lire nao do. Minh triei bac hpc Viet, nhu vay, la da bj dan gian hoa. Viet Nam hidn nay tut hgu ve ca kinh td', trinh dp xa hpi ldn tu tudng. Nhutig nudc di sau thudng rai \'ao hai trudng hgp: 1) neu hi dpng, hoac tir bit mdt minh, khong nhdn ro dugc minh hidn nay dang d ddu trong tien trinh ciia the gidi. thi rdi dd co nguy ca trd thanh bai thai cdng nghd vd thiing rac tu tudng, va, do do, khoang each vdi the'gidi se ngay cang ndi rpng, tham chl khong bao gidi dudi kip, ddn dan se trd thanh mpt khiic rupt thiia; 2) ndu chii dpng va tinh tao thi se nit kinh nghiem dugc tir nhu'ng sa say ciia ngudi di trudc, tidi kidm dugc mo hdi nudc mdt, thdm chf xuang mau, tranh dugc nhu:ng ludng song du luc tir nhflng con tau di truoc, tim ra cay gay rut dudng (chir khong phai di tdt ddn ddu, hoac chd sir Ion lai lay duoi lam S6 310 Thang 4-2010 VAN Pg - SL/ Klt^N dau nhu tro choi rdng rdn ciia tre con) de thu dan khoang each voi the'gidi. Viet Nam hidn nay, d linh vuc chung ta dang ban toi, toi nghi,' mpt mat phai vu^a phat trien triet hpc vira phat huy minh triei, mac dii dieu nay rat kho khan, con lay minh tridi thay cho tridi hpc thi qua dd dang bdi le chung ta con chua co tridi hpc, mat khac phai xay dung mpt xa hpi cong ddn, co trinh dp xa hpi hoa va ca nhan hoa cao, co dan chii tham gia (chir khong chi la dan chii dai dien) va dan chii vi ca nhan (chii; khong phai dan chii dam dong, dan chil vi cpng ddng), de lam moi trudng (4) phat huy minh triei, de minh tridi khong trd thanh nhimg ldi ma mj, suong a Ha Npi, 9-2009 D.L.T 1. Truoc day, chung ta da qua quen vai loi tu duy biei iiiiiili biei ngudi. ngi clii'i ngogi klidcli. Dong ligc vi tlie. Tay ligc vi dung Gib day, co le, trong mot the giai lien lap. hen chil the. cac pham trii khach quan, chii quan deu da bi thay the bing cac pham trii khach - chu quan, chii - khach quan, thl cung nen "doi moi tu duy". Boi neu chi lay cai toi lam thuoc do. ma cai toi ay lai day han che. tham chi khuyet tat, "mpt minh minh noi, mot minh minh nghe" nhu vay, thi liim .sao do ndi the gioi. 2. Vu Trong Phung. Truyen ngdn. Hpi nha van, 1996, tr.327, dim theo Hoang Ngpc Hien, 3. Thirc ra, thuat ngft ininli triet ly tluiyct ciia Aristote, theo loi, la kha mau thuan vi khi noi den ly thuyet minh triet thl no dii la triet hpc rOi, Boi, minh trie't tu no la khong CO ly thuyet, no chi lii kinh nghiem, con khi dii niing ten thiinh ly thuye't, hoac liiy mpt ly thuyet niio do de soi rpi no thi no dii khong con lit no r6i! 4. Hoiing Ngpc Hien co not: "Mpt hien tirang quan trpng trong doi song tinh thiin ciia nhan loai lit nhiing gi khong duac nguoi ta nho de'n thl dan dan .se bifi'n mii't. Xa hpi khong quan tam de'n "sir tir te", "sir hin hoi" thl dan dan nhung ngiroi han hoi, tit tesi; bien mail; ngupc lai, .xa hpi con nho de'n nhirng phiim hanh nay, thi nhung nguoi han hoi, tit tese xua't hien khiip nai". Toi cho ring khong phiii iigliT de'n. nliff den. ma phai xiiy dung dupc mot co die .xd Iwi nhu the nao do de nhung nguoi h;m hoi. tir t'e dirpc ton trpng, co quyiin lpi phii hpp, thi nguoi hiin hoi lir tc moi ton tai duac vii sau do ngiiy ciing dong diio. HdlNGH!LANTHl]ri2 BCHTir DANG KHOA X T ir 22 d^n 28-3-2010, tai Ha Npi, BCHTIJ Dang khoa X da hpp Hoi nghi Ifin thii 12 de thao luan nhieu van dd quan trpng chuan bi cho Dai hpi dai bidu toan qudc ldn thu: XI cua Dang. BCHTU da xem xet loan van du thao Cuang dnh .xdy ditng ddt nifdc trong thdi ky qua do ten chu nglua xd hdi, trong do tap trung thao luan cdc van dd: dac trung cita xa hpi xa hpi chii nghla; muc tidu tdng quat khi kdi thtic thai ky qua dp; cdc phuang huong co ban; vi trf, vai tro ciia cac thanh phdn kinh te trong thdi ky qua dp ldn chu nghia xa hpi BCHTLT da xem xet toan dien du thao Cliieii lugc phdt trien kinh te xd hoi 201J- 2020, tap trung thao luan, xac dinh muc tidu ciia chidn lupc; cdc quan diem phat trien vd khdu dot pha; dinh hudng va cac giai phap phat tridn BCHTU da thao luan, co ban tan thanh dir thao Bdo cdo chinh tri. ddng thdi dong gop mpt sd y kie'n de tid'p tuc hoan thien dii thao, tap trung vao mpt sd van de ldn: ve tidu de cita Bao cdo chfnh tri va miic tidu tdng quat cita nhiem ky Dai hpi XI; danh gia tdng quat tinh hinh;,muc tidu phat trien nhanh vd ben vung; nhung ydu td dam bao giu' vung dinh hudng xa hpi chit nghia cita ndn kinh te; 6 nhiem vu trpng tdm ciia nhiem ky Dai hpi XI BCHTH da thao luan, cho y kien ve Bao cao tdng kei thi hanh Dieu Id Dang khoa X; de xuat bd sung, sira ddi Dieu Id Dang; bdo cao vd phuang hudng cong tac nhan sir BCHTU khoa XI; ve sd lugng dai bieu va phan bd dai bidu cac dang bp true thupc trung uong du Dai hpi dai bieu toan qudc ldn thii XI ciia Dang.,, J PV Sd310 Thang 4-2010 . cung khong phai la minh triei. Hon nira, minh triei Viet, nhin tir thuc chai, chil ye'u la minh triei ddn gian (indigenous mind), //;//;/( triei thitc tien (ddi lap vdi minh triei ly thuyei. toi lam thuoc do. ma cai toi ay lai day han che. tham chi khuyet tat, "mpt minh minh noi, mot minh minh nghe" nhu vay, thi liim .sao do ndi the gioi. 2. Vu Trong Phung. Truyen. nghia" cho no khong. Minh triet, phan nao cflng gidng nhu vo thirc, mpt khi da dugc/ bi ly thuyet hoa, thi no khdng con la minh triei nu'a? Phan niinli triei hdc hoc trong minh triei Viet