[...]... demands of the external and internal environments Strategic Management FIGURE 1.1 2.3 9 The strategic management process Strategic Planning Various writers often have used the concepts of strategic planning and strategic management interchangeably The Alliance for Nonprofit Management, however, has observed: Strategic planning is only useful if it supports strategic thinking and leads to strategic management the... organizational structure, preparing budgets, and developing and utilizing information management systems Strategy evaluation: Reviewing external and internal factors that are the bases for current strategies; measuring program performance; and taking corrective actions [9] In a similar vein, Thompson and Strickland identify the five tasks of strategic management as 1 Formulating a strategic vision of where the organization... provide a basis for more informed decisions and actions over a range of time periods, locations, and perspectives Feed forward information emerges from such components as projections and forecasts; goals, objectives, and targets to be achieved; program analyses and evaluations; and the projections of outcomes and impacts of alternative programs Timely information is essential to understand the circumstances... Preface iii 1 Strategic Management 1 2 Organizational Decision Making: The Framework for Strategic Management 21 3 Strategic Planning: Mission, Vision, Goals, and Objectives 49 4 Strategic Planning: SWOT Analysis, Strategies, Policies, and Implementation 73 5 Productivity and Quality Improvement 99 6 Resource Management: Process Reengineering 135 7 Resource Management: Cost Analysis 183 8 Resource Management: ... changing forces, the management process has become more difficult, requiring greater skills in planning, analysis, and control These skills, aimed at guiding the future course of an organization in a changing and uncertain world, are the essence of strategic management 2.1 Strategic Management Defined As applied in the private sector, Fred R David defined strategic management as the art and science of formulating,... complex organizations, and, therefore, the problem is to maximize benefits (once specified and quantified) for any given set of financial inputs (i.e., specified and quantified costs) Resource management involves (1) programming goals and objectives into specific programs, projects, and activities, (2) designing organizational processes to carry out approved programs and plans, and (3) staffing these processes and. .. performance 2.6 Information Management Systems Contemporary strategic management activities are both information-producing and information-demanding Important managerial feedback—soundings, scanning, and evaluations of changing conditions resulting from previous program decisions and actions—must be available to facilitate timely and effective decision making Such procedures also generate information intended... Resource Management: Budgeting 217 9 Change Management 247 10 Organization Control 283 v vi Contents 11 Performance Evaluation 321 12 Information Management and Decision-Support Systems 365 Appendix: Glossary 407 Index 431 1 Strategic Management Strategic management involves the development of strategies and the formulation of policies to achieve organizational goals and objectives In this process, attention... the public and nonprofit sectors represent new and virtually untapped areas for research and application of strategic management 20 Chapter 1 ENDNOTES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Richard F Vancil Strategy formulation in complex organizations Strategic Planning Systems Peter Lorange and Richard F Vancil, eds Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: PrenticeHall, Inc., 1977, p 4 L J Bourgeois Strategy and. .. Thompson, Jr and A J Strickland III Strategic Management: Concepts & Cases Boston, MA.: Irwin/McGraw-Hill, 1996, p 3 Mark H Moore Creating Public Value: Strategic Management in Government Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press, 1995, p 74 Alan Walter Steiss Public Budgeting and Management Lexington, MA.: Lexington Books, 1972, p 148 Peter F Drucker Management: Tasks, Responsibilities, and Practices . Behavior and Public Management: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, Michael L. Vasu, Debra W. Stewart, and G. David Garson 41. Handbook of Comparative and Development Public Administration, . Edition, Ferret Heady 90. Handbook of Public Quality Management, edited by Ronald J. Stupak and Peter M. Leitner 91. Handbook of Public Management Practice and Reform, edited by Kuotsai Tom . Crisis and Emergency Management, edited by Ali Farazmand 94. Handbook of Comparative and Development Public Administration: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, edited by Ali Farazmand 95.