[...]... III Effects of Androgens on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Osteoblastic Cells 217 IV Interaction with Other Factors to Modulate Bone Formation and Resorption 218 V Direct Effects of Androgens on Other Cell Types in Bone in Vitro 222 VI Metabolism of Androgens in Bone Aromatase and 5oL-Reductase Activities 223 VII Androgen Effects on Bone: Animal Studies 227 A Effects on Epiphyseal Function... Variation in Bone Remodeling 300 B Bone Loss due to Remodeling 302 II Bone Mass and Structure 303 III Age-Related Changes in Bone Turnover (Activation Frequency) and Differences between Men and Women 305 Contents xiii A Bone Remodeling in Healthy Men 305 B Bone Remodeling in Healthy Women 307 C Bone Remodeling in Healthy Men Compared with Healthy Women 309 D Age-Related Changes in the Amount of Bone Resorbed... Effects of Estrogen on Human Bone Metabolism and Calcium Homeostasis 286 A Bone Loss Patterns over Life 286 B Accelerated Phase of Bone Loss in Women 286 C Continuous Phase of Bone Loss 287 D Gender Comparison and the Role of Estrogen in Bone Metabolism in Males 288 V Summary 290 References 291 C h a p t e r 15 Age-Related Changes in Bone Remodeling Torben Sceiniche and Erik F Eriksen I Introduction... preventative and therapeutic approaches promise to dramatically reduce the personal and economic burden of osteoporosis Even as the care of osteoporosis is becoming a routine part of clinical medicine, there is eminent promise of even more impressive breakthroughs Clearly, postmenopausal women bear the brunt of osteoporosis That demographic has driven research, and the foundations of knowledge of osteoporosis. .. xvi Contents A Limitations of Current Studies 442 IV Potential Mechanisms of Alcohol-Induced Bone Disease A Effect of Alcohol on Adult Bone 443 B Effect of Alcohol on Growing Bone 445 C Alcohol and Nutrition 445 D Alcohol and CalciotropicHormones 446 E Alcohol and Sex Steroid Hormones 447 F Alcohol and Bone Cells 449 G Alcohol and Intracellular Signaling Processes 451 V Therapy of Alcohol-Induced Bone... B Calcitonin 558 C Bisphosphonates 559 D Thiazide Diuretics 562 E Fluoride 563 F Emerging Therapies 563 IV Summary 565 References 566 Index 571 Contributors Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors' contributions begin Frazer Anderson (29) Department of Geriatric Medicine, Southampton Gen- eral Hospital, Southampton SO 16 6YD, United Kingdom Belinda Beck (129) Musculoskeletal... Ill IV V VI VII VIII IX Introduction 247 Puberty 248 Estrogens versus Androgens in Puberty 251 Age-Related Declines in Androgen Levels in Adult Men: Contribution to Bone Loss 252 Estrogens in Adult Men 254 Hypogonadism in Adult Men 254 Androgen Therapy: Potentially Useful Androgen Effects 257 A Growth Promoting Effects 257 B Suppression of Bone Resorption 258 C Bone Formation 258 D Androgens and IGF-I... attention to the issue A rapid expansion in the understanding of osteoporosis in men has begun, and this volume is devoted to that knowledge The goal for the volume was twofoldmto summarize the current state of the art and to identify directions for needed research Of special importance was an attempt to examine bone biology and osteoporosis in men in light of how they differ from similar events in women... accomplishments in this area can be most remarkable xxiii xxiv Preface Though much remains to be done, the insights presented here should help to form the foundation for subsequent basic and clinical investigation and for the translation of existing data to the clinical environment It is also my hope that this summary of the emerging coherence of the field will encourage its further growth and maturation It... (Cummings et al., 1990) Likewise, hip fractures might increase in the United Kingdom from 46,000 in 1985 to 60,000 in 2016 (Anonymous, 1989) and in Australia from 10,150 in 1986 to 18,550 in 2011 (Lord and Sinnett, 1986) Health authorities in Finland anticipate a 38% increase in the number of hip fractures between 1983 and 2010 with a 71% increase in resulting hospital bed-days (Simonen, 1988) On a . Mechanical Loading 132 B. The Curvilinear Nature of Skeletal Response 133 C. The Role of Bone Geometry 134 V. Translating Theory into Practice~Exercise and Bone 135 A. Limitations of the Literature. 112 III. The Mechanical Role of Remodeling 114 IV. Gender Differences in Modeling during Puberty 114 V. Animal Studies of the Effects of Sex Hormones on Modeling 116 VI. Male Hypogonadism 118. y0 w1 h1" alt="" Osteoporosis in Men This Page Intentionally Left Blank Osteoporosis in Men The Effects of Gender on Skeletal Health Edited by Eric S. Orwoll Oregon Health Sciences University