NHAN THQC CAC VAN OE LIEN QUAN DEN NGHE NGHIEP CUA THANH NIEN NONG THON LAM VIEC TAI CAC KHU CONG NGHIEP TREN OIA BAN THANH PHO - Nguyln Thi Phuang hoa Vien Tdm ly hoc. I i I I i I i I I Cd vide lam, cugc sdng ciia ngudi thanh nien ndng thdn (TNNT) budc' sang mgt trang mdi. Dae biet, cd viec lam tai cdc khu cdng nghiep (KCN) tren dia ban thdnh phd la sir kien cd nhidu y nghia ddi vdi TNNT. Su kien nay md ra mdt tuong lai mdi, ddn de'n nhirng thay ddi d hg, trong dd cd su thay ddi nhan thiic. Til' mgt ndng dan trd thdnh mdt ngudi cdng nhan, tir ndng thdn chuyen de'n sdng d thdnh thi, su hidu biet, sir ddnh gia cua ngudi TNNT cd nhieu ddi thay. Trong bai viet nay, chiing tdi chi dd cap de'n nhan thuc va sir thay ddi nhan thiic ciia TNNT xung quanh cac vdn dd lien quan de'n nghe nghiep ciia hg nhu quydn lgi, trdch nhiem va vai trd ciia ngudi cdng nhan ddi vdi doanh nghiep va ngugc lai; nhirng yeu cau ciia nghe nghiep, dieu kien thang tie'n; phdm chat cua ngudi cdng nhan va ngu'di lanh dao doanh nghiep. 1. Nhan thirc ve quyen lgi, trach nhiem ciia nguoi cong nhan Quyen lgi vd trdch nhiem cua ngudi cdng nhan ndi rieng, ngudi lao ddng ndi chung da dugc ghi rd trong Bd Luat lao ddng. Dieu 7 ciia Bd luat nay da neu rd: - Ngudi lao ddng dugc trd luong tren eo sd thda thuan vdi ngudi sir dung lao dgng nhung khdng thdp hon miic luong tdi thidu do Nhd nudc quy dinh va theo nang suat, chat lugng, hieu qud lam vice; dugc bdo hg lao ddng, lam viec trong nhiing didu kien dam bdo ve an todn lao ddng, ve sinh lao ddng; dugc nghi theo che do, nghi hang nam cd luong vd dugc bdo hidm xa bdi theo quy dinh cua phdp luat. TAP CHI TAM LY HOC, Sd 3 (132), 3 - 2010 - Ngudi lao dgng dugc thdnh lap, gia nhap, boat dgng cdng doan theo Luat Cdng dodn dd bdo ve quyen va Igi fch hgp phdp ciia minh; dugc hudng phuc Igi tap thd; tham gia qudn ly doanh nghiep theo ngi quy doanh nghiep vd quy dinh ciia phdp luat. - Ngudi lao ddng cd nghia vir thue hien hgp ddng lao ddng, thda udc lao ddng tap the, chap hdnh ki luat lao ddng, ndi quy lao ddng vd tuan theo su dieu hanh hgp phap ciia ngudi sir dung lao ddng. - Ngudi lao ddng cd quydn dinh cdng theo phap luat. Dd tlm hidu nhan thiic ciia TNTNT cd viec ldm tai cac KCN ve van dd nay, chung tdi da sir dung cdc cau hdi md (trong dd khdng cd bat ky ggi y ndo) va ydu cdu hg neu ra nhirng quyen Igi vd trdch nhiem eiia ngudi cdng nhan trong doanh nghiep. * Nhan thitc cua ngudi cdng nhdn ve quyen loi ciia minh trong doanh nghiep Ket qua nghien cuu da cho thay: Cd tdi 1/3 sd cdng nhan khdng trd Idi dugc cau hdi ve quyen Igi ciia ngudi cdng nhan trong doanh nghiep. Trong qua trinh phdng van, chung tdi nhan thay: Khi dd cap den vdn dd ndy, mdt sd cdng nhan da Iiing tung vd quay sang hdi nhau. Sd cdng nhan khdng tra Idi cau hdi nay tap trung d hai KCN Ha Ndi (KCN Sai Ddng, KCN vira va nhd Tir Liem, KCN Thang Long) va Bien Hda (KCN Bien Hod 11, KCN Amata). So cdng nhan cdn lai trd Idi dirng ft nhdt 1 quydn, nhidu nhat 3 quydn. Cac quyen lgi (theo each phdt bidu ciia ngudi cgng nhan tre) dugc nhdc tdi nhieu nhat Id: quyen dugc hudng luong (15.9%), quydn dugc ddng bdo hidm xa hdi (12.4%) va quydn blnh ddng (11.7%), quyen dugc nghi ngoi (8.9%). Mdt sd quyen Igi khac cdng dugc cdng nhan ndi den (nhu quyen dugc ddng bdo hidm y te, quydn dugc dam bdo an todn lao ddng, quydn dugc gia nhap cdng dodn, quydn dugc td cao khieu nai, quydn dugc dinh cdng theo phdp luat, quyen dugc ki hgp ddng lao dgng) nhung vdi sd lugng ngudi trd Idi rdt thap (khodng tir 1,5% ddn 8%). Nhan thiic nghd cua TNNT cd thay ddi theo thdi gian lam viec d thdnh phd khdng? Chiing tdi da phan tfch nhan thiic nghe ciia ba nhdm TNNT cd thdi gian Idm viec d thanh phd khdc nhau: dudi 2 nam, tir 2 den 5 nam vd tren 5 nam. Ket qud cho thay: Nhan thuc ciia TNNT cd viec ldm tai cde KCN ed thdi gian d thanh phd khdc nhau vd quydn ciia ngudi cdng nhan thd hien tuong ddi khac nhau (xem bidu dd 1). TAP CHI'TAM LY HOC, Sd 3 (132), 3 - 2010 11 6()T .•SO 40 30+' 20 HI 0 53.2 45.1 IB" 40 2 36.5 -S^ "•1^2.% 2 6 3.9 33.8 28.7 IhA 4.7 •56 'b.y-a.g 53^ 29.9 Hui'mu Gia nhap Dinh cOng Binh dang Nghi ngiri Xn loan LO BUYT BHXH lir.mii CD n 5 nam trd len [3 2- 5 nam D Dudi 2 nam •.\ .'-\A\ <y Bieu dd 1: Sif thay ddi nhdn thifc ciia 'TNN'T cd viec ldm tgi cdc KCN ve quyen cita ngifiri cdng nhdn So vdi nhung thanh nien cd thdi gian lam vice tren 5 nam d thanh phd, nhdm thanh nien ed thdi gian d thanh phd it hon chu y nhieu ban den quydn dugc hudng luong, ddm bao an todn lao ddng, dugc nghi ngai. Dd la nhung cjuydn lgi eo bdn, cung Id nhu cdu thiet ydu ciia hg. Trong khi dd, nhdm cdng nhan dii sdng lau d thdnh phd (5 nam trd len) quan tam den quyen dugc ddng bdo hidm y td. bdo hidm xa hdi. Cd tinh hinh nhu vay mdt phdn la do nhu'ng thanh nien nay mud'n d lai thdnh phd, mud'n dn dinh cugc sdng. Nhu vay. ngudi TNNT lam viec tai cdc KCN vdn chua nhan thiic day du vd quyen lgi ciia minh trong doanh nghiep. dudng nhu hg chi quan tam de'n nhirng vdn de thidt than nhu quydn dugc hudng lu'Ong va ddng bdo hidm xa hdi. Tuy nhien. lam viec tai cdc doanh nghiep cd vdn nudc ngodi, mdt sd cdng nhan quan tiun tdi quydn binh ddng vd quydn dirge nghi ngoi. Gang sdng lau d thanh phd. ngudi cdng nhan xuat than tir ndng thdn cd nhu cdu dn dinh vd phat tridn cugc sdng no'i dd thi nen hg cdng chii y de'n nhirng sir ddm bdo ciia doanh nghiep ddi vdi quydn lgi cua minh. * Nhdn thiiC ve trdch nhiem cua ngudi cdng nhdn ddi vdi doanh nghiep De tlm bicu nhitn thiic vd trach nhiem ciia ngudi cdng nhan. chung tdi cung sir dung cau hdi md. Sd lieu didu tra cho thay TNNT chii yeu nhdc den ba trdch nhiem sau: thuc hien hg'p ddng lao ddng (65.7%). chap hdnh ndi quy cua doanh nghiep (32.3%). ed trdch nhiem vdi cdng viec (26.4%). Trdch nhiem 12 TAP CHI'TAM LY HOC. Sd 3 (132), 3 - 2010 dugc ndi de'n nhidu nhdt la thuc hien hgp ddng lao ddng ). Thuc bidn hgp ddng la trdch nhiem duong nbidn ciia cd ngudi sir dung lao ddng va ngudi lao ddng. Do dd, ngudi cdng nhiin cd ve dd nhd hon. Chap hdnh ndi quy ciia doanh nghiep, cd trdch nhiem ddi vdi cdng viec Id yeu cdu ciia doanh nghiep ddi vdi ngudi cdng nhan ndn muc dg nhd cua cdc nhdm thanh nien khdng hoiin toiin gidng nhau (xem bidu dd 2). . 80 60 40 20 74.6 75.5 ./" 63.2 y*.^m^!S)^ 3fiS -^S^ 30.9 27.2 26.9 33 V Thi/c hien hop dong LO Chap hanh noi quy DN Co trach nhiem voi cong viec n 5 nam trd len D 3 - 5 nam D 1 - 2 nam Bieu dd 2: Sif thay ddi nhdn thifc ciia TNNT cd viec ldm tgi cdc KCN ve trdch nhiem cita ngifiri cdng nhdn (%) Sd lugng TNNT mdi ra thanh phd 1 - 2 nam nhdc ddn trdch nhiem thuc hien hgp ddng lao dgng vd trdch nhiem ddi vdi cdng viec khdng kem, tham chf cdn nhidu hon so vdi hai nhdm thanh nien cd thdi gian lam viec d thdnh phd dai ban. Tuy nbidn, hg ft chu y hon ddn viec chap hanh ndi quy ciia doanh nghiep so vdi hai nhdm thanh nien kia. Cd thd ndi, day la mot nhu'g'c diem eiia nhung TNNT mdi ra thanh phd ldm viec. Chap hdnh ndi quy la mdt ydu cdu bdt huge ciia cdc doanh nghiep ddi vdi cdng nhan, mdt sd cdng nhan da nhim thue dugc didu nay. Sau khi dugc lam viec tai cdc KCN, mot bd phan trong sd hg da coi trgng trdch nhiem eiia minh ddi vdi cdng vide. Tuy sd lu'g'ng thanh nien nhdc ddn viec chap hanh ngi quy doanh nghiep chua nhidu, song dieu dd chiing td ngu'di TNNT bdt diiu y thuc dugc nhirng ydu cdu Idm viec trong mdi trudng mdi vdi nhirng ddi hdi cao ho'n trudc kia (khi cdn ldm nghd ndng d que nhd). Quydn Igi, trdch nhiem co ban cua ngudi cdng nhim dug'c the hien trong hgp ddng lao ddng va chd do luong bdng. Khi nhan thue ddy dii vc vdn de nay. ngudi cdng nhan se cd gdng ghi nhd ndi dung hgp ddng lao ddng ciia minh, cung nhu thang luong, bdng lu'o'ng eiia doanh nghiep. Vi viiy. day la mgt vdn dc TAP CHI TAM LY HOC. Sd 3 (132), 3 - 2010 13 chiing tdi quan tam khi Om hidu nhan thirc ciia ngudi cdng nhan tre xudt than tii' ndng thdn ed viec vice lam tai cdc KCN tren dia ban thdnh phd. Thuc hien Luat Lao ddng, hdu hdt cdc cdng nhan tai cdc KCN ddu dugc ki hgp ddng lao ddng. Sd lieu didu tra cho thay: 89.5%- cdng nhan tham gia phdng van trd Idi cd hgp ddng lao ddng bdng van bdn. Chi cd mdt sd ft cdng nhan tra Idi Id khdng cd hgp ddng lao ddng bdng van bdn hay khdng nhd la cd hgp ddng hay chua. Phdn Idn cdng nhan da nhd va ndm dugc d miic do khac nhau vd cdc didu khodn trong hgp ddng cung nhu bdng luong, thang luong ciia doanh nghiep. Tuy nhien, gdn 1/5 sd cdng nhan tham gia phdng van khdng nhd rd cdc ngi dung ghi trong hgp ddng lao ddng, khdng ndm rd bang luong va thang luong ciia doanh nghiep (khodng 18%). Sd cdng nhan nay chu yeu la nhirng TNNT mdi ra thdnh phd tir 1 de'n 2 nam. Thuc trang nay cd thd do mdt sd thanh nien mdi len thdnh phd lam vice nen chua cd kinh nghiem trong vice ki kdt hgp ddng, hoac hg chua thuc su mud'n gdn bd vdi doanh nghiep. iMdt can bd ki thuat tai mdt nha may ddt d KCiN Bien Hod cho bidt: Nhidu thanh nien mdi di lam thudng khdng lam viec dn dinh mot chd, dang lam viec tai doanh nghiep nay, thay doanh nghiep khdc tuydn cdng nhan vdi mue luong cao hon, hg sdn sang bd noi lam viec hien tai dd sang doanh nghiep khde. Tuong tu, sd ban tre khdng nhd la cd dugc hudng ddn bao hiem lao ddng hay chua tap trung d nhdm thanh nien ra thdnh phd dudi 5 nam. Van de hgp ddng lao ddng vd van dd bdo hidm lao ddng vdn chua dugc mdt sd thanh nien mdi ra thanh phd thuc su quan tam. Nhu vay, phdn ddng cdng nhan tre cd xuat than ndng thdn lam viec tai cdc KCN da nhan thuc duoc mgt vdi quydn Igi va trach nhiem co ban cua minh. Sd ngudi nhdc dugc ddy dii cdc quydn ciia minh da dugc quy dinh trong Luat Lao dgng Id rat hidm. Vdn cdn mgt bd phiin thanh nien chua nhan thiic ro vd quydn lgi ciia minh, chua chu y den ndi dung hgp ddng cua minh. 2. Nhan thirc ve dieu kien thang tien va cac pham chat quan trgng ciia ngudi cdng nhan va ngudi lanh dao doanh nghiep * Ve phdm chdt vd dieu kien thdng tien cua ngudi cdng nhdn trong doanh nghiep Khi dugc hdi vd didu kien thang tidn trong doanh nghiep, TNNT cd viec lam tai cdc KCN ddnh gid khd cao hai vdn dd: trinh do tay nghd va trinh do hgc van. Tidp den la sir iing hd ciia cap tren, sir iing hg ciia tap thd. Tham nien cdng tdc dugc ddnh gid ehi cao ho'n yeu td quan be rdng (xem bdng 1). Didu ndy chiing td tam ly "sdng lau len liio lang" da khdng cdn phd bien. Nhin chung, ngudi TN.NT da nhiin thdc dugc tdm quan trgng ciia hgc van trong nghd nghiep. 14 TAP CHI TAM LY HOC. SO 3 (132). 3 - 2010 Bdng 1: Nhdn thifc cua 'TNNT cd viec ldm tgi cdc KCN ve phdm chdt vd dieu kien thdng tidn cua ngifdri cdng nhdn trong doanh nghiep Dieu kien thang tien cua nguoi cdng nhan Trinh do tay nghe cao Trinh do hoc van cao Dugc sir ung bo ciia cap ircn Dugc sir iing hd ciia tap the Giao tie'p, iing xir tdt TTiam nien cdng tac Quan he rong DTB 5.98 5.83 3.90 3.74 3.31 3.30 2.11 Do lech chudn \.\5 1.61 1.63 1.46 1.52 1.76 1.41 Thir bac 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 * Ghi chu: diem thdp nhdt - 1; diem cao nhdi = 7. •' Tuong tu, khi dugc hdi vd nhirng phdm chat quan trgng ddi vdi ngudi cdng nhan, tay nghd vting vd bgc van cao cirng Id hai pham chat dugc xdp bang ddu. Nhirng yeu td vd y thuc (y thdc td cbiic ki luat, ydu nghe, chii dgng sdng tao) chua dugc nbii'ng ngu'di cdng nhan tre ddnh gid cao (xem bdng 2). Dudng nhu nhirng phdm chat dugc ngudi cdng nhan ddnh gid cao mdi chi Id nhirng phdm chat bdn ngodi (nhirng phdm chdt xuat phdt tir yeu cdu, ddi hdi ciia ngudi sir dung lao ddng), chu chua phcii la nhiing phdm chdt ndi tai, ben trong ciia ngudi cdng nhan. Bdng 2: Nhdn thifc ciia TNNT cd viec ldm tgi cdc KCN ve nlulng phdm chd't quan trgng cua ngifdi cong nhdn Pham chat cua ngudi cong nhan Tay nghe virng Hoc van cao Y thuc td chuc ki luat tdi Yeu nghe Chu ddng, sang tao Diem trung binh 3.71 3.56 2.73 2.37 2.36 Do lech chuan 1.22 1.62 1.35 1.30 1.26 Thd bac 1 2 3 4 5 * Ghi chu:diem thdp nhdi = I; dietn cao nhdt - 5. Cac pham chat hgc van cao, su ebii ddng, sang tao ciia ngudi cdng nhiin dugc nhdm mdi ra thdnh phd ddnh gid cao hon nhdm d thdnh phd tir 5 nam trd Idn. Song nhdm mdi ra thdnh phd danh gid thdp hon hai nhdm d thimb phd lau hon ve phdm chdt y thu'c ki luat tdt. Nhirng thanh nien mdi ra thanh phd thudng TAPCHITAMLYHOC. Sd3 (132). 3 - 2010 15 Id nhting ngudi tre tudi, mudn chung td nhan thiic eiia minh da cd nhu'ng ddi mdi khi danh gid cao phdm chat hgc van cao, chii ddng sang tao. * Ve phdm chdt ciia ngudi ldnh dgo trong doanh nghiep Theo y kien cua cdng nhan, mdt ngudi lanh dao tdt. trudc bet phai cd pham chat dao diic tdt, trinh do hgc van cao, biet sir dung dung ngudi. Dd la ba phdm chat dugc ngudi cdng nhan ddnh gid cao nhat, tidp den la tfnh quyet doan trong cdng viec, nang ddng, bidt Idng nghe. Cdc yeu td nay ddu xdp tren ydu td quan he rdng (xem bdng 3). Nhin chung, ngudi cdng nhan van ddnh gia cao pham chat dao diic va trinh do hgc vdn ciia ngudi lanh dao. Bdng 3: Nhdn thifc ciia 'TNNT cd viec ldm tgi cdc KCN ve nlulng phdm chdt quan trgng ciia ngifiri ldnh dgo doanh nghiep Pham chat ciia nguoi lanh dao Dao due tdt 1 loc van cao Biei sir dung dung nguoi Quyei doan trong cdng vice Nang dgng trong cong viec Biei lang nghe Quan be rgng Diem trung binh 5.13 4.90 4.14 3.89 3.80 3.15 2.35 Dp lech chuan 2.19 1.96 1.80 1.91 1.75 1.93 1.69 Thiir bac 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Khi dugc hdi ve nhim td quyet dinh su thanh cdng ciia doanh nghiep, phdn Idn cdng nhiin tre ddu nhan dinh dd la ngu'di qudn ly va ngudi cdng nhan (83.7%). Trong sd nhu'ng thanh nien edn lai, sd ngudi ddnh gia ngudi qudn ly giir vai trd quydt dinh chidm 9.5%, ngudi cdng nhan giii vai trd quyet dinh Id 4.1%, vai trd quyet dinh thudc vd nhirng yeu td khac la 2.7%. Ket qua nay cho thdy, ngudi cdng nhan tre da y thuc dugc vai trd ciia minh ddi vdi doanh nghiep. hg danh gid cao vai trd cua cd ngudi cdng nhan va ciia cd nha lanh dao. Tir kdt qud nghien eii'u tren cho thay, sau mot thdi gian lam viec tai cac KCN tren dia ban thdnh phd, TN\NT da cd mdt sd hidu biet nhdt dinh vd quydn lgi. trdch nhiem, vai trd ciia minh trong doanh nghiep, didu kien dd ban than cd thd thang tidn trong cdng viec. .Mae dii, ngu'di cdng nhan ehua ddnh gia diing mue tdm quan trgng ciia nhirng phdm chat ben trong ciia ngudi cdng nhan (ydu nghd, chil ddng. sang tao). song hg da tin tudng rang su thdnh dat nghd nghiep phu thudc vao khd nang ciia minh (thd hien d tay nghd vd trinh do hoc van). 3. Mirc dg thay ddi nhan thirc • Ngoai vice chia nhdm T.NNT theo thdi gian d thdnh phd dd ddnh gia su thay ddi nhan thi'rc, chiing tdi cdn sir dung phuong phdp hdi cd: xem xet su thay TAP CHI TAM LY HOC. Sd 3 (132). 3 - 2010 ddi dua tren tu ddnh gia ciia khdch thd vd khd nang nhan thirc cdc van dd d thdi didm hien tai .so vdi thdi didm trong qua khu. Nhirng ngu'di cdng nhim tie dugc yeu cdu tu danh gid vd miic dg hieu biet hien nay cua minh so vdi luc chua ldm viec tai KCN ve mot sd van dd nhan thiic nhu: vai trd hgc vdn trong nhd nghiep; y nghia ciia ki luat lao dgng; su can thidt ciia viec ddo tao lai, nang cao tay nghe; van dd bdo hg lao ddng; trdch nhidm ciia ngudi cdng nhiin ddi vdi doanh nghiep; trdch nhiem ciia doanh nghiep ddi vdi ngudi cdng nhiin; vai trd ciia ngudi cdng nhan trong doanh nghiep. Kdt qud didu tra duoc thd hien trong ban" 4. .• . • • '^ Bdng 4: Sif thay ddi ve nhdn thifc ciia TNNT co viec ldm tai cdc KCN - so sdnh theo thdi gian len thdnh phd ldm viec Van de Vai tro hoc van trong nghe nghiep Y nghia ciia ki luat lao dong Su can thiei ciia viec dao tao lai, nang cao tay nghe Van de bao ho lao dong Trach nhiem cua nguoi cong nhan ddi voi doanh nghiep Trach nhiem cua doanh nghiep ddi vc^i cdng nhan Vai trd cua nguoi cdng nhan trong doanh nghiep Muc do nhan thiic Han nhieu Hem 1 chut Vdn the Han nhieu Han 1 chut Vdn thd Han nhieu Han 1 chia Vdn the tlo'n nhieu Han 1 chia Vdn the Han nliic'u Hon 1 chill Vdn the H(/n nhieu Han 1 chut Vdn the Hon nhieu Han I chill Vdn the Thoi gian len thanh phd lam viec 5 ndm trd len 54.0 36.8 9.2 67.5 28.2 4.3 62.3 33.2 4.5 65.8 29.1 5.0 65.3 30.3 4.4 54.0 35.9 10.1 71.1 21.8 7.1 2-5 ndm 33.8 53.5 12.7 49.7 44.1 6.3 53.2 39.7 7.1 54.3 39.3 6.4 58.2 37.6 4.3 44.3 45.7 10.0 57.1 35.7 7.1 1-2 nam 35.8 53.8 10.4 46.7 48.6 4.7 48.1 46.2 5.7 50.5 44.8 4.8 51.9 42.5 5.7 42.5 52.8 4.7 50.0 46.2 3.8 Tdng 42.3 47.4 10.3 55.4 39.4 5.2 54.5 39.7 5.8 58.6 36.4 5.0 58.6 36.4 5.0 46.8 44.5 8.7 59.7 33.5 6.7 .Mdc CO y nghia P < 0.001 < 0.001 <( .01 < 0.05 <0.01 < 0.001 TAP CHI TAM LY HOC. Sd 3 (132), 3 - 2010 Sd lieu didu tra giup chung tdi nhan dinh rdng: Mdi trudng Idm viec mdi da gulp nhan thu'c ciia TNNT them phong phii, kidn thiie duoc bd sung. Ben canh nhirng nhan dmh, nhu'ng hidu biei mdi, cd nhung kien thiic da cd tir trudc nay dugc ldm rd hon. . i , ; Su thay ddi nhan thuc d nhdm thanh nien cd thdi gian d thdnh phd tir 5 nam trd len didn ra manh me hon. Nhdm ndy ludn chidm ti le cao trong sd ngu'di trd Idi "hidu biet hon nhidu" vd cdc van de chung Idi dua ra, dac biet trong van de vai trd ciia hgc van trong nghd nghiep, y nghia ciia ki luat lao dgng vd vai trd cua ngudi cdng nhan trong doanh nghiep. Ti le sd ngudi "hieu bidt hon nhidu" d nhdm thanh nidn da d thdnh phd tir tren 2 nam dudi 5 nam cung cao hon nhdm thanh nidn mdi ra thdnh phd 1 de'n 2 nam d hdu bet cac van de. Thdi gian d thdnh phd ti le thuan vdi miic dg thay ddi nhan thiic. Nhan thiic vd nghd nghiep cua nhirng thanh nien mdi ra thdnh phd edn mdt sd diem ydu. Nhiing thanh nien da d thanh phd lau, nhan thiic da dugc nang cao. Nhln chung, sau mgt thdi gian lam viec tai cac KCN, nhan thiic vd nghd nghiep ciia ngudi TNNT cd dugc nang cao. Thuc te cdng viec giup hg hidu ro hon vd vai trd ciia minh, van dd bdo hd lao ddng, y nghia cua ki luat lao ddng, su cdn thidt ciia vide dao tao lai. Hg danh gia cao nd luc ciia bdn than ddi vdi su thdnh dat trong cdng viec. Quydn binh dang, quyen dugc nghi ngoi va quyen dugc ddm bdo an toan lao ddng la su quan tam mdi cua ngudi cdng nhan. Quydn dugc nghi ngoi la mot van dd birc xiic ciia thanh nien, dac bidt la nhirng ngu'di dang lam viec trong cdc doanh nghiep nudc ngodi. Tuy nhien, so TNNT hidu bidt ddy dii vd quydn lgi va nghia vu ciia minh vdn chidm mdt ti le khiem tdn. Mot sd TNNT vdn chua cd y thu'c tlm hidu cac kidn thuc lien quan den linh vuc nghd nghiep cua minh. Hg vdn thu ddng trong nghd nghiep cua minh, chi coi cdng viec Id "cdn cau com", chua coi nghe la "nghiep" ciia minh nen cung khdng quan tam de'n sir thang tidn trong nghd nghiep. Chuydn tii' sdn xuat ndng nghiep sang sdn xudt cdng nghiep, nhiing TNNT mdi vdo nghd chua chap hdnh tdt ndi quy cdng viec, tuan thu dirng ki luat lao ddng. Nhan thirc vd nghd nghiep khdng cbi mang lai Igi fch cho ban than ciia ngudi lao ddng md cdn mang lai lgi fch cho doanh nghiep. Nhan thuc nghd ciia 18 TAP CHI TAM LY HOC, Sd 3 (132). 3 - 2010 ngudi lao ddng dnh hudng tdi nhirng quydt dinh ciia hg nhu: Cd gdn bd vdi nghd nghiep hay khdng? Nd lire phdn dau nhu the ndo trong vice thue hien cdng viec? Do dd, viec nang cao nhan thiic ve nghe nghiep cho TNNT dang lam viec tai cac KCN khdng chi Id mdt vice lam tu than ciia mdi ngudi thanh nien cdng nhan, ma cdn Id mdt hoat ddng quan trgng ciia bdn than mdi doanh nghiep. Neu cac doan the trong doanh nghiep boat dgng tdt thi day se la noi ly tudng cho viec tuyen truyen. van ddng nang cao nhan thuc ciia TNNT dang lam vide tai cdc KCN tren dia ban thdnh phd. TAP CHI'TAM LY HOC, Sd 3 (132), 3 - 2010 . NHAN THQC CAC VAN OE LIEN QUAN DEN NGHE NGHIEP CUA THANH NIEN NONG THON LAM VIEC TAI CAC KHU CONG NGHIEP TREN OIA BAN THANH PHO - Nguyln Thi Phuang hoa Vien Tdm ly. KCN ve quyen cita ngifiri cdng nhdn So vdi nhung thanh nien cd thdi gian lam vice tren 5 nam d thanh phd, nhdm thanh nien ed thdi gian d thanh phd it hon chu y nhieu ban den quydn dugc hudng. chua tap trung d nhdm thanh nien ra thdnh phd dudi 5 nam. Van de hgp ddng lao ddng vd van dd bdo hidm lao ddng vdn chua dugc mdt sd thanh nien mdi ra thanh phd thuc su quan tam. Nhu vay, phdn