>f €OMG HOA THO NHI KY VA VAM BE GIA NHAP LIEN MINH CHAIJ AU Vien • Cpng boa Tho NhT Ky Id mgt qudc gia dac biet quan trgng trong khu vuc A - Au (Eurasia) vai dien tfch lanh thd ldn (783.562 km^), nam keo ddi tren cd hai chau luc, quy md dan so khoang 73 trieu nguai (nam 2010), nliieu tiem nang ve ldi nguyen thien nhien vd cd mgt nen kinh le phdt trien nang dong. Ke lir kbi Thd NhT Ky thdnh lap nen cpng hoa lan dau lien vdo nam 1923, qudc gia ndy da xdc lap quan diem chfnh sdch hudng ve phucng Tay va nd lire tham gia vdo cdc to chiic lien ket qudc le. Cd the t r f f ke tai mgt so khoi lien ket quan trpng md Thd NhT Ky la tbanh vien chfnh thiic nhu: Td chiic Hgp tdc vd Phat trien Kinh te OECD (Id thdnh vien sang lap ngay tir nam 1945), Hpi ddng Chau Au (1949), Td churc Hpi nghj Hdi gido OIC (1969), T6 chiic An ninh vd Hgp tdc Chau Au (1985), G.20 (nhdm 20 nin kinh te ldn thdnh lap nam 1999) vd trong nam 2009, Thd NhT Ky dugc biu lam Uy vien Khdng tbudng true ciia Hpi ddng Bdo an Lien hgp quoc' Sir tfch cue ciia Thd NhT Ky khi tham gia hdng loat cdc to chiic lien f r r t t ket quoc te vd khu vuc da the hien quan diem tucng doi cdri ma cvia giai lanh dao quoc gia vd tfnh chit "hudng Tay" trong cac duong TS. Bui Nhat Quang Nghien ciru Chdu Phi vd Trung Dong ldi, chinh sach. Thd NhT Ky da xac djnh cdc ddi lac chau Au ke can cd vai Iro dac biel quan trpng trong bau bet cac ITnh vuc phdt trien kinh tc, xa hpi, chfnh tri, an ninh cua qudc gia. Chfnb vi vay, Thd NhT Ky ludn co gang Cling cd sir hien dien cua minh Irong cdc sir kien cua chau Au - chang ban nhu Ird thdnh thdnh vien lien ket cua Cgng ddng Kinh le Chau Au (EEC) lir nam 1964 vd cua Lien minh Tay Au (Western European Union) nam 1992. Mpt sir kien dugc coi Id buac ngoat trong chfnh sdch budng tai chau Au Ciia Tho NhT Ky Id viec qudc gia ndy bat dau chfnh thirc ddm phan gia nhap Lien minh Chau Au (EU) vd dugc cdng nhan tu cdch ddm phdn ke tir nam 2005. I. Thyc trang quan he Thd Nhi Ky - Lien minh Chau Au Qud trinh hgp tdc ciia Tho NhT Ky vai cdc qudc gia chau Au da cd ljch sur phat trien lau ddi qua nhieu thai ky bien dpng khdc nhau. Ve mat chfnh sdch, Cong boa Thd NhT Ky luon coi cdc quoc gia chau Au vd cdc khoi lien ket tai chau Au Id hudng uu tien trong quan he doi ngoai vd da thi hien uu tien ndy tir rat sam, vai cdc dong thai nhu nhanh chong tra thdnh thdnh vien ciia Hpi "Turkey in the UN Security Council", Insight Turkey, Vol. 11 No.4/2009. 22 NGHIEN Ctru CHAU AU ddng Chau Au" ngay khi td ehirc nay dugc thanh lap nam 1949 \a dc dan xin dugc Idm thanh \ien MCMI ket (associate membership) ciia Cpng ddng Kinh le Chau Au (I'MC) ngay lir nam 1959, de sau do dugc cong nhan lu each thdnh vien lien kel lir nam 1963. Trong sudl qua trinh nhicu thap ky, Tho NhT Ky ludn ddng vai tro rat lich cue Irong eae van de cua chau Au \ a tham gia vao hau hcl eae hoat dpng kinh tc, chinh tri cua khu vuc ndy, thi hien mirc do gan ket chat che vdi EU md mot dau nide quan trong la vice ky kcl hiep dinh voi liU dc thanh lap Lien minh Thuc quan ke lir nam 1995. Hiep dinh ndy da lao ra mot khuon kho hgp lac thuang mai chung cho hai phia, trong dd cdc ban che song phuang ddi vai luu chuyen hdng hod da dugc bai bd. Mac dii cdc lien Irien trong ddm pban gia nhap EU ciia Tho NhT Ky ke tir nam 2005 den nay Id rat ban che do quan diem vd each Ihiic liep can ciia hai phfa con nhieu khac biel, nhung sir cai thien ciia quan he hgp lac song phuang Id dang ghi nhan, dac biel Id cdc quan he ngdy cdng dugc lang cudng trong ITnh vuc thuang mai vd dau lu. Mot so dau moc dang chu y trong qud trinh phat trien quan he hgp tdc The NhT Ky EU cd the dugc ke lai bao gom: - Thdng 9 ndm 1959, Thd NhT Ky de den xin tra thdnh thdnh vien lien ket cua Hpi dong Chau Au (Council of Europe) la t6 chirc quoc te CO muc tieu thiic day hop t^c cua tSt ca cac quoc gia chau Au. Hoi ding duac th^nh lap v^o 5/5/1949 vai 10 thanh vien sang lap. Thi NhT Ky da tra thanh thanh vien ciia Hoi ding chi 3 thdng sau do. Cgng dong Kinh tl Chau A\ ' '-) ^^ din Ihdng 9/1963, Hiep djnh Anl^ '^ dugc ky kit de Thd NhT Ky gia nhap 1 n minh Thu^ quan vai EEC va Ira thdnh thanh vien lien ket ciia Khoi nay. - Nua ddu thdp ky 1980: Quan he giiia 1 hd NhT Ky vd EEC bj dong bang sau klii dao chinh quan su dien ra lai Thd NhT K} vdo thang 9 nam 1980. Thdng 9 ndm 1986: Hgi ddng Lienk^t Thd NhT Ky I-T.C hgp de thdo luan ve viec khoi phuc lai qua Irinh hgp lac, lien kel giiia hai ben. 14 thdng 4 ndm 1987: Vdi mong mudn tra thdnh thdnh vien chinh thiic ciia EEC, Tho NhT Ky nop dan xin gia nhap. Den Ihdng 12 nam 1989. Uy ban Chau Au da ddng y \e kha nang co the xem xet Irudng hgp Tho NhT Ky nhung tam hoan chua xei don xin gia nhap. Thdng 3 ndm 1995: Hgi ddng Lien kit Thd NhT Ky EU da dat dugc thod thuan ve Lien minh Thue quan. Thoa thuan nay bat dau CO hieu lire ke tir 1/1/1996. Thdng 12 ndm 1999: Hgi nghj thuong dinh Helsinki da cong nhan tu each iing vien xin gia nhap ciia Tho NhT Ky. - Thdng 3 ndm 2001: Chinh phu Thfi NhT Ky thong qua Chuong trinh Quoc giave viec ngi luat hoa cac quy djnh ciia EU. - Thdng 5 nam 2003: Hgi ddng cac Be trudng EU quyet dinh ve cac nguyen tac, tn tien, muc tieu tnmg gian va cac dilu kien cui i^^LQ, mfii c0n.& ^vCrvL -JLij^ lUi. 23 quan he doi tdc vai Tho NhT Ky trong qua trinh gia nhap EU. / 7 thdng 12 ndm 2004: Ky hgp cua Hpi ddng Chau Au quyet djnh se chfnh thiic ddm phan gia nhap vai Thd NhT Ky ke tir 3/10/2005. -12 thdng 6 ndm 2006: EU bat dau cdc cupc ddm phdn chfnh thu-c vai Thd NhT Ky, xdc lap khuon kho dam phdn bao gdm 33 chuang. - Ndm 2007: Ddm phdn ve cdc van de Ihdng ke, kiem soat tdi chfnb giira bai ben. Bieu do 1. Trao ddi thirong mai ciia Tuy nhien van de lien minh kinh te vd tien le bj loai khdi chuang trinh nghj sir. - Ndm 2008: Ddm phdn ve van de quyen sd hiiu trf tue vd luat doanh nghiep. - Ndm 2009: Thd NhT Ky vd Armenia ky hiep djnh hod binh lai Zurich, dap iing mpt trong nhirng dieu kien lien quyel de gia nhap EU. - Ndm 2010: Hpi ddng lien kel cap Bp Irudng EU - Thd NhT Ky hgp tai Brussels. 7 1 EU keu goi Tho NhT Ky day nhanh qua trinh gia nhap. Thd NhT Ky vdi EU (dom vi: ty Euro) U Nhap khau • Xudt khau D Can can thircng mai 818 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Ngudn: Eurostat, 2011. Cimg vai cdc dien bien da neu tren, trong qua trinh phdt trien quan he hgp tdc 1 r y Tho NhT Ky EU suot nhieu nam qua, cdc boat dgng hgp tac thuc te da khong ngimg dugc tang cuong. Xet d goc dp kinh te, EU da nhanh chong tro thdnh d6i tdc thuong mai, diu tu quan trgng nhat cua Tho NhT Ky. Xet tie goc dp quan he chinh tri, Tho NhT Ky da tfch cue, chu dgng day manh qua trinh noi luat hod cdc quy djnh luat phdp trong nuac cho phil hgp vai EU vd ddp iing cdc tieu chuan chfnh tri Copenhaghen. Trong cac ITnh VUC quan he quoc te khdc, dac biet Id quan be voi Hoa Ky vd quan he vai khu vuc Tnmg Dong, quan diem cua Tho NhT Ky ciing da dugc dilu chinh vd thing nhit voi quan dilm vd cdch thiic iing xii ciia phuong Tay. Ngi dung hgp tac quan trgng hdng diu ciia Th6 NhT Ky voi EU co thi dugc xac dinh la hgp tdc thuang mai vd hgp tac diu tu. 24 NGHIEN CUU CHAU AU EUROPv Biiu dd 2. Hpp tiic dau tu true tiep Tho NhT Ky - EU 27 qua c^c nkm (dan vi: ty Euro) 16Y U-' 12-' IO-' 8-'' G' A-' 2-' .2-A ^.A-a dn idi 3.2 1 ^S>— Rr ke 1 1 ^^^^'^^^ •'**' M *i .#' H tV • "% 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 D Ti^p nh^n tir EU D D4U tir sang EU Ngudn: Eurostat, 2011. 2. Quan diem tir hai phia ve van de Tho NhT Ky gia nhap EU I. Quan diem cua Thd NM Ky Trong nam 2004, khi EU chinh thiic luyen bo rang Tho NhT Ky co Ihl doi thoai vai khoi lien kel nay ve kha nang gia nhap, ca nha nuac va cong chung Thi NhT Ky dlu CO phan iing hel siic lich cue, coi do la buac ngoat quan trpng trong qua Irinh nang cip quan he song phuang. Cac phuang lien thong tin dai chiing cua Th6 NhT Ky dlu dua tin ve sir kien quan trpng nay. Thai bao Sabah khang djnh: "Cd roi. mpt nudc Thd NhT Ky mai", Irong khi Nhat bao Milliyet, ta bao CO an ban ion nhit ciia Thi NhT Ky, luyen bo rang: "Horn nay Id mpt ngdy tuai dep han "^ Nhan thiic chung ciia cong chung Tho NhT Ky dlu cho ring quoc gia na\ da lien dugc mpt buoc quan trgng theo huong hoan thanh lam nguyen cua Kemal Alaliirk'* ve viec tSng cuang hpi nhap va gin kel vai chau Au. Dai da s6 nguai dan dk ding thuan vai chfnh sach cua nha nuac trong viec xiic liin dam phan gia nhap EU va bao cao cua Co quan Dieu tra du luan Eurobaromeler nam 2005 dua ra kit qua co tai 73% ngucri Thi NhT Ky tin luang ring viec tra thanh ihanh vien cua EU se dem lai lgi ich lan cho nuoc Cpng hoa^ Vai sir khai dpng tich cue nhu vay, mpi dien biln duang nhu rit thuan lgi doi vai chfnh sach djnh huang chau Au ciia Thi NhT Ky. Mdc du vay, qua trinh dam "Turkish press jubilant over green light for EU accession talks", Agence France Presse, 7 October 2004. ^ Mustafa Kemal Ataturk (1881- 1938) la nguoi da lanh d^o Phong trao Dan tgc Thi NhT Ky trong cuoc each m^ng gianh dgc lap va tra thanh T6ng thong dau tien, nguoi sdng lap nen cpng hoa. ' Eurobaromeler reports, 2005. f^^LQ. HBTl \JHJ& f^Uu .Jig tM 25 phan da cho thay yeu cau ciia phfa EU khong nguai Tho NhT Ky ve van de ndy ciing thay he don gidn, khong de dap ung, vd ciing voi doi khd nhieu khi sir nhiet tinh voi EU da cdc kho khan vuong mac, quan diem cua gidm ban (Bieu do 3). Bieu do 3. Y kien cua ngiroi Tho NhT Ky ve viec gia nhap EU (2009) r r r f (Y kien ciia 1.000 ngudi duoc phong vdn true tiep) 19% 10% ^^^^Jl^l ^_^ k^ Hi ^^ 45°/, 26% n Tot = 45% • Xlu = 26% D Khdng tdt khong xiu 19% D Khong bilt = 10% Ngudn: Sd lieu cua Eurobaromeler 72, Autumn, 2009. Quan diem cua nguoi Tho NhT Ky ve quan he voi EU qua m6i thai ky da the hien sir thay doi ddng ke ve chfnh sdch nhd nuoc ciing nhu ve cdm nhan doi voi nhimg gi dang diln ra tren thuc te. Mgt bg phan lon nguoi Thi NhT Ky da cho ring, qud trinh gia nhap EU duong nhu la cau chuyen khong bao gio ket thtic vd ngay cdng c6 nhieu quoc gia dua ra nhiing doi hoi moi, nhung doi hoi tham chf Id qud miic, ve du cdc loai van de khdc nhau ma Thi NhT Ky cin phai dap iing truoc khi dugc kit nap vdo EU. Ngay cd nhiing nguoi Thi NhT Ky thi tuc ciing da bit diu dat diu hoi vl su cin thilt va dien tiin cua qua trinh dam phan nay va nhieu nguai da mien cuong thtra nhan rang "viec Thd Nhi Ky cd gdng tim chd dimg d phuang Tdy la mpt su ldng phi thdi gian do chdu Au se khdng bao gid nhin nhdn nguai Thd NhT Ky Id ngang hdng vdi minh"^ Them vao do, nhiing binh luan tieu cue cua cac lanh dao mgt so quoc gia thdnh vien EU doi voi khd nang ket nap Tho NhT Ky da nhanh chong xoa di sir nhiet tinh cua quoc gia ndy vd \ r r r nhieu y kien da cho thay su that vpng lon, tham chi da chi ra rang qua trinh ddm phan chi Id CO hgi de cac qu6c gia thdnh vien EU f \ r 1 von CO nhieu vuong mac lich su voi Tho NhT A Make or Break Year for Turkey-EU ties, Turkish Daily News, 19 December 2008. 26 NGHIEN ClfU CHAU AU EUROFi Ky dua ra cdc doi hoi ciia minh. Cgng boa Sip da khang djnh hg se cdn tro viec hien thuc boa lu cdch thdnh vien EU ciia Tho NhT K>' cho den khi ndo ddo Sip dugc thong nhat va quan dgi Tho NhT Ky nit khoi dat nuoc ndy. Mpt Ihanh vien EU khac Id Bulgaria tham chi dua ra yeu cau doi Tho NhT Ky boi thuang 20 ly USD do De quoc Ottoman da true xual khodng 250 ngdn nguoi Bulgaria trong thai ky chien tranh Balkan ndm 1913 de doi lay Id phieu Ihuan ciia Bulgaria cho phep Tho NhT Ky gia nhap EU. Tat cd nhirng dieu ndy da khien cho Tho NhT Ky nhin nhan trien vpng gan kel voi EU Id khong ro rdng vd viec tro thanh thdnh vien EU Id qud ton kem voi nhiing lgi fch dem lai khong that tucng xiing. 2. Quan diem tir phfa EU O cap do EU vd cdc quoc gia thdnh vien, hau het cbinh phu cdc quoc gia thdnh vien EU deu ung hg, hoac fl nhat Id khong phdn doi viec Tho NhT Ky gia nhap khoi lien ket. Mac dii vay, nhiing nghien ciiu ky ban ve du luan vd y kien ciia cong chiing cho thay, 6 cap do nhan thiic ciia cong dan EU, trien vgng Tho NhT Ky tro thdnh thanh vien chfnh thiic dugc danh gid vol nhieu loai du luan khdc nhau vd miic do iing hg doi voi Tho NhT Ky thap hon rit nhilu. So lieu cua cuoc khao sdt thuc te nam 2009 c^io thiy c6 toi 67% cong dan Ao phan doi viec Thi NhT Ky gia nhap EU va s6 lieu tuong iing 6 Diic Id 66%, Phdp Id 63%^ Hdng loat cdc nghien ciiu, ddnh gid vl vin dl ndy ngay khi EU tuyen bo dong y ddm phdn chinh thiic vai Tho NhT Ky dlu cho ring cac chi diu tir phfa nguoi dan EU dlu khong tbuc sir tfch cue doi v6i mong muon hgi nhap EU ciia quoc gia ndy. Mgt bdn bao cao nam 2007 cua hpc gia John Redmond* dd xem xet long the van de ndy sau khi hai phia da co thai gian dam phdn chfnh thiic 2 nam va dua ra y kien dang chii y nhu sau: "Viec khdng nhdn duac su ung ho cua cdc nudc ldn (ngodi .inh) vd gap phdi su phdn ddi mgnh me cua Phdp vd Diic dd khien cho viec Thd NhT Ky trd thdnh thdnh vien day du ciia EU Id khdng khd thi trong tuomg lai gdn. Tho X/iT Ky ciing khong 0 t T nhgn dugc khuyen khich tic phia cdc the che. ciia EU. Ngodi thdi dp phdn ddi cua Hoi ddng cdc Bp trudng EL. Nghi vien Chdu Au cung lien tuc len dn Thd NhT Ky ve cdc vi phgm nhdn quyen vd cdc vdn de cd lien quan khdc. Ngodi ra, Uy ban Chdu Au ciing the hien su nghi ngd ve tinh khd thi cua viec Tho NhT Ky gia nhdp EU' Ngodi ra, cdc y kien ddnh gid khac deu cho ring niu tl chiic tnmg cau dan y tai 27 qu6c gia thanh vien EU ve van de Tho NhT Ky gia nhap thi cung khong ai nghT rang Tho NhT Ky co thi nhan dugc ty le phieu ung hg dii lon, ngay ca tii ^ Theo s6 lieu khao sat cua Eurobaromeler Public Opinion 71 findings, 2009. * Wilton Park Conference, Turkey's accession process to the European Union. 31 March - 3 April 2008. v:i4L^#t^ rc*A*«. c^ rt*^ ' iM !_#'«* 'v.^ c;^4r« 27 phfa cdc cong dan Anh Id quIc gia img bp r r f manh me nhat 6 cap chfnh phii. So lieu khdo sat hep ciia Eurobaromeler ve sir iing hp chung ciia cong chiing todn khu vuc EU doi voi viec Tho NhT Ky gia nhap da cho thay ty le ung hp luon giir on dinh o miic thap: 30% Irong nam 2000, 28% nam 2006 vd 31% trong dgt khdo sat nam 2008. Cdc ddnh gid chi tiet hon trong thai gian gan day ciing the hien xu huong khong may tfch cue trong quan diem ciia phfa EU doi voi Tho NhT Ky ciing nhu doi voi mgt so truong hgp khdc o vj the tuong lu. Khdo sdt nam 2009 ciia Eurobaromeler cho tbay c6 toi 47% nguoi dan tai cdc quoc gia thdnh vien EU to ra dong y voi nhan djnh ''su hien dien ciia ngudi ddn tu cdc nhdm ddn tpc khdc Id r •> nguyen nhdn gdy bdt dn an ninH\ trong khi chi CO 37%) so nguoi dugc hoi khong dong y voi nhan djnh ndy. Eurobaromeler da ghi nhan miic dp gia tang khodng 3% so nguoi trd lai dong y so voi lan khdo sat vdo cuoi nam 2006 Dieu ndy cho thay mpt van de Id cdc yeu to van hoa, dan tgc dong vai tro rat quan trong trong nhan thirc ciia cong chiing chau Au ve viec Tho NhT Ky gia nhap Lien minh. Tong thong Phdp Nicolas Sarkozy da timg the hien su bat dong cua minh vol khd nang Tho NhT Ky co the tro thdnh thdnh vien chfnh thiic ciia EU vd nhan manh rang tot hon cd Id hay dimg lai 6 viec ddnh cho quoc gia ndy quy che ciia mpt doi tdc chien luge. Tong thong Phdp da tuyen bl ring: "Tdi khdng tin rdng Thd NhT Ky thupc ve chdu Au vai mpt ly do dan gidn - do Id qudc gia trong khu vuc Tieu A. Tdi mong mudn ddnh cho Tho NhT Ky mpt quy che ddi tdc thuc su vai chdu Au chu khdng phdi nhdt the hod vdi chdu Au" 10 3. Mpt vai nhan dinh Tho NhT Ky mac dii da dugc cong nhan quyen dam phan chfnh thiic de gia nhap EU tir nam 2005 nhung qud trinh ndy moi chi co nhiing tien trien rat khiem ton. Dieu nay la do quan diem ciia hai phfa van con nhieu khdc biet vd dac biet la nhin nhan tu phfa nguai dan vd lanh dao cdc quoc gia EU ve Tho NhT Ky chua thuc sir co dugc dong thuan o miic do hgp ly. Mac dii vay, vdn co the khang djnh mgt so hdm y cua qud trinh Tho NhT Ky gia nhap EU nhu sau: - Trong mpi trudng hprp, quan he Thd NhT Ky EU vdn ludn duac xdc dinh la quan he quan trpng nhdt. Id vdn di phdt triin hdng ddu cua Thd NhT Ky trong sudt lich su phdt trien hien dgi Mong muon gia nhap EU, tro thdnh thdnh vien chfnh thiic ciia Khoi nay da tro thdnh dgng lire quan trgng de Tho NhT Ky tfch cue dieu chinh, cdi each Theo so lieu khao sat cua Eurobarometer 71, Spring Sarkozy: La France et I'Asie Mineure, Turquie 2009. Europ^enne, 16 January 2008. 28 NGHIEN CCrU CHAU AU EUROPE vd dat dugc nhieu Ihanh cong I6n trong qud trinh phdt trien. Xet tir phia EU, Thd NhT Ky vdn ludn duac coi nhu mpt ddi tdc rdi quan trpng vd tdm quan trpng do se khdng gidm di, cho dii trong ihdi gian tdi Thd NhT Ky .sc~ trd thdnh thdnh vien chinh thuc ciia EU hay vdn Id mpt ddi tdc lien ket hen ngodi EU. Dieu ndy Id do Tho NhT Ky co vj tri dja - chien luge dac biel, CO quy mo dan so lon vd mgt nen kinh le phdt trien nang dgng, liem lire an ninh, quoc phong khong ngimg dugc cimg co, tang cuong. Tho NhT Ky da sir dung "siic manh mem" vd cdc chien luge, chien thuat ngoai giao rieng cua minh de gop phan tfch cue trong on djnh tinh hinh khu vuc vd tro thdnh doi tdc khong the bo qua ciia EU. - Mgc dii tdm quan trpng ciia Thd Nhi Ky ddi vdi EU ngdy cdng gia tdng nhung triin vpng di qudc gia ndy cd the chinh thuc dugc kit ngp vdo EU la khdng rd rdng do vucmgphdi rdt nhieu trd ngai vdyeu cdu ciia cdc quoc gia thdnh vien. Dieu ndy khien cho sir nhiet tinh vd mong muon ciia phfa Tho NhT Ky thoi gian gdn day da gidm di. Tho NhT Ky da quay lai dau lu cho cdc moi quan he voi khu vuc Trung Dong vd nhanh chong gidnh dugc sir thua nhan cua nhieu quoc gia Trung Dong nhu mgt doi tac dang tin cay, la cho dua quan trgng co the giiip dem lai hoa binh, on djnh vd an ninh trong khu \ uc Thirc te do doi hoi phfa EU phdi co dieu chinh chfnb sdch theo huong linh boat va coi ma hon trong quan he voi quoc gia A - Au rat quan trgng ndy. . >f €OMG HOA THO NHI KY VA VAM BE GIA NHAP LIEN MINH CHAIJ AU Vien • Cpng boa Tho NhT Ky Id mgt qudc gia dac biet quan trgng trong khu vuc A - Au (Eurasia) vai. cue ciia Thd NhT Ky khi tham gia hdng loat cdc to chiic lien f r r t t ket quoc te vd khu vuc da the hien quan diem tucng doi cdri ma cvia giai lanh dao quoc gia vd tfnh chit "hudng. bat dau chfnh thirc ddm phan gia nhap Lien minh Chau Au (EU) vd dugc cdng nhan tu cdch ddm phdn ke tir nam 2005. I. Thyc trang quan he Thd Nhi Ky - Lien minh Chau Au Qud trinh hgp tdc