D D D THONG TIN D D D TRiiN KINH T f TH^ Gidl D £ N NAM 2025 C O N G N G H E H A N G OAU T R O N G PHAT Le Thanh Y* Mgt nhffng ye'u to' ehu dao d i n d i t phat trien kinh te toan elu la kha nang dff bao, xac dinh xu the KH&CN de tap trung d i u tff vao nhffng iTnh vffe then ehd^t N i m b i t dffgc kha n a n g p h a t trien cua nhffng nganh cong nghe mui nhgn, Hgi ddng tri thffe qude gia Hoa Ky (NIC) da pho'i hgp cung eg quan tinh bao doanh nghiep (SRIC-BI) de dffa mgt bao eao ve nhffng eong nghe ehu chot tff de'n nam 2025 (NIC 2008) Trong bao eao nay, cac nha khoa hge da phan tich nhffng cong nghe nang cao chat lffgng cugc song va phat trien nhffng nganh kinh te mui nhgn, tap trung vao nhdm eong nghe gen, nhien lieu va hda chat sinh hoc, eong nghe tich trff n a n g lffgng sach, robotics va internet lien ket Bai viet gidi thieu cac nhom cong nghe N h o m c o n g n g h ^ g e n t r i l i p u (Biogenotechnology) Cong nghe gen tri lieu la linh vffe ffng dung ket qua nghien eg sd te bao phan tff V£i qud trinh gia hda de p h a t trien lieu phdp cong nghe dieu tri benh t a t lien quan de'n tudi gia, hffdng vao t a n g cffdng the Iffc, tri kha n a n g hoat dgng va sdng dge lap eua dan sd^ toan cau dang xu the gia di Cong nghe gen tri lieu la van de dang thu hut dffgc sff quan tam eua cgng ddng khoa hoc va nhieu td chffc nghien effu toan cau 3634(7/2010) Con ngffdi luon bi thoi thuc bdi mong muo'n k h a m pha sff khdi ngudn va viec tri sffc tre Cho den nay, chffa cd ly thuyet nao giai thieh d i y du ve sff gia hda; kien thffe tff nhffng nghien effu ca the chffa hoan thien, khien lg trinh eong nghe phat trien eac phffong phap cho'ng gia khong nhieu va cd nhffng khae biet Thach thffe dat cho viec nghien effu la qua trinh sinh hge v i n eon la nhffng khia canh it dffgc hieu biet Sff gia hoa khong phai la ket qua cua bat ky cff che ca the nao ma la sff ke't hgp eua nhieu qua trinh khac Nghien effu don thuan mgt linh vffe khd ed the tao dffgc dot pha d i n de'n thay ddi mang tinh each mang Do vay, tao lap moi trffdng nghien effu hgp tae da nganh theo hffdng chia se hieu biet va hgi tu eong nghe mdi cd the dat tdi nhffng hieu biet thau dao ve khoa hoc va ddi mdi eong nghe de tao dot pha ve Biogenotechnology Tiem n a n g dot pha cua Biogenotechnology da dffgc hinh t h a n h tren eg sd eua nhffng eong nghe then chdt ve sinh hge p h a n tff nhff genomics, proteomies, metabolomics vdi sff hgi tu cua nhieu linh vffe tff sang tao tri thffe va sff giao thoa giffa cac linh vffe co tae dgng chi phdi l l n T h a n h tffu nghien effu ve gene ket Le Thanh Y, Tien sy, chuyen gia kinh te QUAN LY KINH TE [OT1 THONG TIN CONG N G H £ HANG DAU TRONG PHAT T R I ^ N KINH l i TH^ Gldl O^N NAM 2025 hgp cung vdi cong nghe nano da thue day m a n h mdi quan he lien n g a n h p h a t t r i e n edng nghe dae biet linh vffe sinh hge vdi xu the p h a t t r i e n a n tffgng ve gen tri lieu Nhieu ke't qua nghien effu m a n g lai t r i e n vgng to ldn cua Biogenotechnology di truyen hge gia hda va dffdng eai thien nhffng qua t r i n h tffgng lai Viee dieu chinh cac the nhiem sac (telomere) va enzym telomeraza eho phep cd the tao nhffng te bao cd kha n a n g tff hdi phuc, phuc hdi vinh v i i n , cung nhff hdi phue mo thong qua sff dung te bao goc tff phoi ngffdi Cong nghe gene tri lieu da t a p trung vao nhffng nd Iffc nghien effu n h a m hieu dffgc eg sd sinh hge cua tudi thg, hffdng tdi keo dai thdi gian song khong ehi do'i vdi tffng ea the ma cdn tri kha n a n g the chat va chffc n a n g tri tue eua tudi gia Cach tie'p can hgp Iffe cd the mang lai nhffng tae ddng tich cffe phong ngffa, dieu tri hoac h a n ehe nhffng nguy eg ed lien quan, giff vai tro hd trg thiet thffe eho bigenoteehnology hien thffe hda lgi ieh cua tudi thg tffOng lai Nhffng lgi ieh dat dffgc thong qua each tiep can dffgc n a n g len eung vdi cai thien n a n g Iffc hien tai, nhd vao tiem n a n g cong nghe mang tinh dot pha ma theo dff bao se pha vd qua t r i n h gia hda va ddi khac quan niem truyen thdng ve tudi gia O day, bie'n ddi phi sinh hge eung la yeu to' quan trgng eua t r a i nghiem gia hda Cac n h a n to' gidi tinh, sac tgc, the trang, cam xuc, dia vi xa hgi, hoat dgng song va ngudn Iffe ea n h a n eung thffe tien cham sde sffc khde cung la nhffng yeu td can dffgc can nhae nhin n h a n ve vai tro va sff Iffa chgn cong nghe de mang lai k h a n a n g cho ngffdi sd'ng lau va khde m a n h Nghien effu eg ehe sinh hge biogenotechnology da di theo trien va lam hien thffe hda phap chdng gia Ngay nay, [ ^ QUAN LY KINH TE gia hda cua hffdng p h a t cac phffgng eae phffffng p h a p chffa b e n h cdn n d n g ve cac loai thud'c lam cham qua t r i n h lao hda thong qua md phdng h a n che' Iffdng calo Viee hieu gia hda nhff mgt qua t r i n h sinh hge suy kiet kha n a n g tri va tff dieu ehinh eua cff the bi giam sut da chi tin cay eua lieu p h a p bigenoteehnology, bao gdm ca nhffng loai thuo'c chdng gia, eg ehe dieu chinh AND, nhffng chie'n Iffgc gidi b a n lffgng calo, t a i tao mo, lam tre hda nao bg, dieu kien trao ddi chat hoac tri t i n h nguyen t r a n g p h a n tff Mdc du tinh k h a thi ve k h a n a n g dieu khien sff gia hda dang edn nghien effu, song hien t r a n g tri thffe va n a n g Iffe edng nghe eung cho thay, boat dgng nghien effu eg b i n va nghien effu ffng dung da thu hut dffgc nhieu ngudn Iffe de hy vgng cd the p h a t t r i e n cong nghe Biogenotechnology vao n a m 2025 Trong n g a n h dffgc pham, sff dung cong nghe cd nhieu hffa hen Tuy nhien, mffe sff dung edn thuge vao dinh hffdng va tie'n tai trg eho nhffng nghien effu cff b i n va nhffng dot pha cd the tao Nhffng can nhae cua cac n h a p h a n tich deu cho rang, sff p h a t t r i e n cua thuo'c cho'ng gia hda se dffgc t r i e n khai lam s a n g m a n h me khoang 15 n a m tdi Nhin tff t r i e n vgng nghien effu, cdng nghe gene tri lieu da cd n e n t a n g rdng ldn tff nhffng cam ke't xuc t i e n nghien effu y sinh n h a m eai t h i e n sffc khde tudi gia Sd ldn hoat dgng nghien effu da dffgc cff quan Chinh phu cua nhieu qudc gia phe chuan; qua dd, nhieu td chffc tff thien, tff n h a n va cac doanh nghiep xa hgi da cd vai trd hd trg to ldn thuc day nghien effu Biogenotechnology khong co nhffng khac biet so vdi nhieu linh vffe y hge dang tim kie'm n h a m dat dffgc kha n a n g dieu k h i e n va eai t h i e n t r a n g thai sffc khde eua eon ngffdi, kiem ehe ti le tff vong va mac benh Sff ddng n h a t se tao t h u a n lgi to ldn ve m a t t a i chinh tff he thdng cham sde sffc khde ngffdi, 3634(7/2010) CONG N G H £ H A N G OAU T R O N G PHAT T R I ^ N KINH l i T H £ Gldl D £ N NAM 2025 mgt he tho'ng cd nhieu kha n a n g ap dung ke hoach bdi hoan va hd trg eho nhffng cong trinh nghien effu genoteehnology eung nhff thi trffdng thff nghiem Tuy nhien, tff t i m nhin xa hgi, thach thffe ldn dat la b i n g each nao de cd the ap dung va dieu khien eong nghe theo hffdng C kiem soat va trach nhiem Dieu O chi ed the lam dffgc quan diem va sff giam sat cua cong chdng dffgc quan t a m de hinh t h a n h cac p h a n ffng chinh sach, chi pho'i mffe d i u tff nghien effu, tao cO sd t i n g phap ly bao hg sd hffu tri tue va cac quy dinh ve thi trffdng C o n g n g h p n h i e n l i p u s i n h h p c va h o a c h a t d i i a v a o s i n h h p c Trong xu the bien ddi phffc t a p ve hau toan elu, gia t a n g tdc p h a t trien eong nghe nhien lieu vdi h a m lffgng cacbon t h i p la mdi quan t a m hang d i u cua cgng ddng qudc t e Nhieu qudc gia dang phat trien da tim kie'm eg hgi san xuat nhien lieu sach cho xuat k h i u va sff dung ngi dia; song dang can n h i c giffa t i i m nang vdi viee b i o ve moi trffdng sinh thai, dam b i o sff h a i hoa phat trien ben vffng Cong nghe che bien nhien lieu sach the he d i u da lam ethanol tff ngo, mia dffdng va s i n x u l t dffgc diezel sinh hge tff h a t cli, dau nanh De tri p h a t trien nhien lieu sinh hge chu dao giai doan hien nay, van de quan trgng la xay dffng dffgc quy trinh san xuat tao nhien lieu saeh vdi hieu qua cao ma khong gay t r a n h chap vdi chudi thffe pham dffgc dung lam nguyen lieu Thong thffdng, quy t r i n h san xuat diezel sinh hge truyen thdng chi chuyen hoa dffgc chffa d i y 10% sinh khdi thffe vat th6; dau diezel lam tff tinh d i u thffe vat h a t cai diu, dau nanh, d i u cg va d i u thffe vat khae da a n h hffdng b a t lgi den san x u l t lffgng thffe thffe pham phuc vu nhu ciu ddi sdng Thach thffe tren day da thue day viec chuyen ddi n h a n h cae 3634(7/2010) THONGTIN r j ^ ngudn nguyen lieu sang dung vat lieu chffa lignocellulose, bao gdm nhffng dff lffgng eua nong pham va cay lam nghiep nhff t h a n cay ngo, rffm ra, ba mia va nhffng loai eay nang lffgng sinh hge phi IffOng thffe (eo, co voi Miscanthus ) Nhien lieu ethanol cellulose dffgc che bien tff lignocellulose, mgt loai sinh khdi C chffa nhffng polimer cellulose, micelluO lose va lignin, dffa tren eong nghe n e n tang la hoa sinh hoac dffdng hda va cong nghe nhiet hoa hge Cong nghe hda sinh phu thuge vao qua trinh thuy phan ehua hoac thuy phan enzym cua lignocellulose, tao dffdng eho len men de dieu ehe t h a n h ethanol Con cong nghe nhiet hoa lai sff dung hoa cua sinh khdi de tao tdng hgp (syngas), sau cho len men hoac chuyen hoa xuc tac t h a n h rffgu Dffa tren nhffng cong nghe n e n tang ciia quy trinh cong nghe mdi, nhieu he thdng nha may lgc sinh hge dffgc xay dffng de san x u l t nhien lieu sinh hge, hoa chat tao nang lffgng dien va che pham gia tri cao tff lignocellulose thay vi diu md Nam 2007, Bg Nang lffgng Hoa Ky (DOE) da xay dffng nha may lgc sinh hge ldn vdi hy vgng kich thich tiem nang phat trien kinh te vao n a m 2012 Bg cung da cd ke hoach trg cap nhieu trieu USD de phat trien nhffng nha may lgc sinh hge ethanol cellulose nham thff nghiem nguyen lieu va cong nghe san xuat mdi DOE cung cap g i n 400 trieu USD cho trung t a m nang IffOng sinh hge, giup cac trung tam t a p trung vao nghien effu cae phffgng phap san x u l t ethnol cellulose va eac loai nhien lieu saeh khac vdi hieu qua eao Tai CHLB Dffc, t a p doan Choren Industries GmbH d Freiberg da phat trien cdng nghe sinh khdi long (biomas to liquids BTL) dffa tren hoa sach va cac sinh hda p h i m mdi cd sffc canh tranh so vdi san p h i m va nhien lieu dffgc lam tff d i u md ( Chris Jablonski 2008) QUAN LY KINH TE ^ [TOI THONG TIN CONG NGHE HANG DAU TRONG PHAT TRiiN KINH TE THS' Gldl D^N NAM 2025 Nen kinh te n a n g lffgng sinh hoc da dffa vao eg sd ky t h u a t di truyen va thffe tidn nong nghiep de t a n g n a n g s u i t sinh khdi va g i i m gia t h a n h Theo dd, thu hoach mua mang; thu gom, tdn trff va van chuyen nhffng dff lffgng sinh khdi la nhffng khau r a t cd y nghia chudi tao ngudn eung ffng sinh khdi Ngoai ra, he thdng xff ly sinh khdi cung la khau chiem p h i n dang ke ve vo'n d i u tff va chi phi boat dgng cua nhffng eg sd ehuyen doi sinh khdi Cung vdi nhffng c l i thien ve xde tae sinh hge, eong nghe sinh hge tdng hgp doi hdi nhffng ky t h u a t xff ly mdi va p h a t t r i e n phffgng phap tach cd ehi phi t h a p Trong dd, thiet ke thie't bi p h a n ffng sinh hge (Bioreactor) la mgt linh vffe dac biet quan trgng, dffgc t a p trung cong sffc nghien effu n h a m dat dffgc hieu qua xff ly td^i ffu Hien nay, ethanol va diezel sinh hge la nhien lieu sach phd bie'n de pha trgn xang va diezel thong thffdng Ethnol hdn hgp dien hinh la E-10, hdn hgp gdmlO% ethanol va E-85 chffa tdi 85% ethanol dang dffgc sff dung Trong dd, E-85 cd mffe tieu thu mgt gia tang Tuy nhien, loai nhien lieu sinh hoc dang bi nhffng gidi b a n cua viee p h a n pho'i khd k h a n cua viee van chuyen tff ngi san xuat den diem phan phdi tieu dung, khie'n chudi cung cap trd nen phffc tap Do nhffng ffu diem vffgt trgi cua diezel sinh hge va sff dung dffgc d dang tinh khie't n e n thffdng danh cho dgng eg diezel hoac hoa trgn eung nhien lieu diezel hien ed Nhien lieu diezel sinh hge dffgc phd bie'n d chau Au, dang lan rgng t r e n lanh thd nffde My, Brazin va mgt sd nffde khae, cang k h a n g dinh vai trd quan trgng bao ve moi trffdng, chdng lai bie'n ddi hau toan elu P h a t trien nhien lieu sinh hge cd nhieu trien vgng dem lai hieu qua Viee sff dung ngudn sinh khdi la dff lffgng cua nong lam san hoac thffe vat phi lffgng QUAN LY KINH TE thffe t r e n quy mo ldn, da m a n g lai lgi ieh xa hgi to ldn nhffng khong gay a n h hffdng b a t lgi de'n moi trffdng Nhffng lgi ich ve nong nghiep la m i n h chffng rd n e t cua viec sff dung va tao eg hgi cho p h a t t r i e n kinh te nong thon Tuy nhien, nhffng v i n de phffc t a p va tac dgng sinh qua t r i n h thu t h a p nguyen lieu, cung cap nffde va tac dgng sinh t h a i lien quan de'n md rgng dien tich trdng cay nguyen lieu d i n den xdi mon dat, m a t can bang da dang sinh hge eung e i n dffgc tinh toan can nhae hgp ly de dffa cong nghe chuyen ddi lignocellulose vao thffe tidn va dac biet quan trgng la k h a e phuc dffgc mau t h u a n ve dat dai giffa mgt ben la n a n g lffgng sach va ben khac la nhu e l u Iffffng thffe cang t a n g cung vdi sff phat t r i e n dan sd t r e n h a n h tinh C o n g n g h e v a t l i ^ u tich t r i ? n a n g Ixidng (Energy Storage Materials) Vat lieu tich trff n a n g lffgng dffgc xac dinh la nhffng v a t ed kha n a n g tao hoac dff trff n a n g lffgng hffu ieh de sff dung lau dai Tich trff hydro, sff dung te bao n h i e n lieu (fuel cell), tich trff dien n a n g dffdi dang sac d a m b i o tinh dn dinh cao, khong gay nguy ca ehay nd va nhffng loai pin tich trff n a n g lffgng dien hda, deu la nhffng dang tieh trff n a n g lffgng cung cap n h i e n lieu v a n h a n h cho thie't bi di dgng la nhffng xu the dang cang md rgng 3.1 Cong nghe tich trU hydro La nguyen td ddi dao, chiem t r e n 90% tdng sd nguyen tff, tao n e n k h o a n g 75% tdng kho'i lffgng vu tru; Hydro dffgc eoi la ed n a n g lffgng cao n h a t so vdi bat ky nguyen t d nao Tuy ddi dao, song hydro lai la nguyen td n h e n h a t va ed k h a n a n g tich tu k e m n h a t n e n r a t khd t a p trung d mgt vi tri de sff dung nhff mgt ngudn n a n g lffgng phuc vu cd hieu qua cho hoat dgng ngffdi Cho de'n nay, 3634(7/2010) CONG N G H £ H A N G DAU T R O N G PHAT T R I ^ N KINH Tg TH^ GIOI D £ N NAM 2025 nhffng eong nghe tao hydro thffdng r a t tdn kem, thie't bi tieh tu lai cdng kenh, nang ne va hieu q u i kinh te t h i p Tff nhffng h a n ehe nay, v a t lieu hydrua hda va hydrua kim loai dffgc cae n h a nghien effu dac biet quan t a m va coi dd la nhffng vat lieu eg b a n de tieh trff hydro Cho den nay, chffa ed nhffng v a t lieu d a t dffgc dam dae tich trff c i n thie't de phue vu mue dich thffgng m a i hoa hydro Vi vay, eae n h a cong nghe phai sff dung nhien lieu long, tich trff hydro dffdi dang nhien lieu gidng nhff methanol va dffgc chuyen hoa trffe tiep te bao nhien lieu Cac he thd^ng te bao nhien lieu sff dung hydrocacbon va long diu co kha nang bien nhien lieu dang t h a n h hydro Do nhien lieu long, bao quan lanh nen viec bien ddi he thdng tffong ddi phffc tap khien viee eung cap nang lffgng hydro dang gap nhieu b a n che (Joan Ogden 2007) Nen kinh te khong sff dung nang lffgng hoa thach doi hdi viee s a n x u l t hydro phai nhanh va r e Theo eae n h a phan tich, dung nang lffgng t a i tao de san xuat hydro tff nffOe, rdi tich tu hydro lam r a t a i nhffng t r a m te bao nhien lieu co t h e di chuyen dffgc la each Iffa chgn ly tffdng cua nen kinh te hydro Sang kien cua Chinh phd Hoa Ky da dffa r a mgt each nhin tien phong v l xay dffng n i n kinh te hydro vdi viec tang cffdng sff dung nhien lieu hydro va phat trien xe hgi dung nhien lieu hydro, n h a m dao ngffgc tinh t h e phu thuoc cang gia t a n g vao d i u md nffde ngoai P h a t t r i e n trien cong nghe de thffgng mai hda pin nhien lieu hffdng vao cai thien an toan n a n g lffgng dffgc eoi la ye'u td ehu chdt chien Iffgc v l bien ddi hau cua nhieu qude gia C l i thien cong s u i t va chi phi can thiet ddi vdi dgng eg hydro de d a t den quy mo s a n xult hang loat va nghien effu tim kiem cae loai v a t lieu mdi che tao bdn nhien lieu hydro an toan, phu hgp vdi thi 3634(7/2010) THONGTIN [ J ^ hieu tieu dung la viec lam c i n thie't de md rgng thffong mai hda ngudn nang lffgng Nham thue d i y nhanh thffong mai hoa eong nghe sff dung nang lffgng hydro vao nam 2015, bg Nang lffgng Hoa Ky da cdng bo' ke hoach Hydrogen Posture Plan tiep tue nhffng chien Iffgc va bien phap phdi hgp cae boat dgng nghien effu va phat trien cac td chffc nang lffgng hoa thach, nang lffgng h a t nhan va nang lffgng t a i tao Tff nhffng viee lam cu t h e eua nhieu nffde t r e n pham vi toan elu, kha nang sff dung hydro nhff mgt ngudn nhien lieu saeh khong chi eung cd an toan nang lffgng cua moi quo'c gia ma quan trgng la gop phan giam thieu n h i i m moi trffdng, cho'ng lai bien ddi hau toan elu (Cue TTKH&CN Qude gia 2010) • — • 3.2 Cong nghe sieu tu dien Nang lffgng t a i tao nhff nang lffgng mat trdi, sffc gid thffffng khong dn dinh Trong sff dung nhffng dang nang lffgng nay, ngffdi ta thffffng dung accu de tich trff dien nang, song, nap du dien cho mgt accu phai m i t nhilu gid, khien ngudn nang lffgng thu n h a n dffgc ed nhieu thffdng r a t lang phi G i n day vdi cong nghe sieu tu dien, cho du dien m a t trdi manh den bao nhieu thi sieu tu dien eung diu ed the tiep n h a n dffgc h e t khoang thdi gian khong dai TffOng tff ddi vdi nang lffgng gid, gio to lffgng dien san sinh ldn, sieu tu dien ciing du kha nang tiep n h a n dffgc b e t nang lffgng s a n sinh de tdn trff Sieu tu dien cd dien dung r a t ldn, chffa dffgc nhieu lffgng dien nang Khac vdi accu, qua trinh nap, phdng sieu tu dien la nhffng qua trinh vat ly, dieu khien dien tich chuyen dgng bang dien trffdng khong phai sff dung den cac phan ffng hoa hge Nhd dd, sieu tu r i t b i n , khong bi suy thoai; co t h e dung hang QUAN LY KINH TE ^ [TOI THONG TIN CONG NGHE HANG DAU TRONG PHAT T R I ^ N KINH TE TH^ Gldl O^N NAM 2025 chuc nam, n a p di, n a p lai den hgn 500 nghin l l n , pin hoac accu loai to't eung ehi n a p dffgc vai nghin l l n va thdi gian sff dung khoang 1,2 nam Ddi vdi nhffng tu dien hda ldp kep (Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitor EDLC) kha n a n g trff dien tich r a t ldn, tich dffgc ngudn dien den h a n g ehuc ICWh vai giay, la nhffng ffu the dac biet cua sieu tu dien Ddi vdi ngudn dien lffu dgng, tieu chuan n a n g lffgng ffng vdi khdi lffgng cua sieu tu dien to't ed m a t k h o i n g 60 Wh/kg, nhd eong nghe nano, sieu tu dien dng nano cacbon da dffa m a t eong s u i t len g i p t r e n 1,5 l l n , nghia la eao hffn h a n m a t eua nhffng loai pin tot n h a t hien Viee n a p hay phdng dien eua sieu tu dien thffe hien r a t n h a n h nhd each dung dien trffdng dieu khien eac ion chuyen dgng t h a n boat tinh nap, hoac eho cae electron ehay d mach ngoai de can b i n g ion dffOng d dien cffe phdng Tuy nhien, nhffgc diem eg ban eua sieu tu dien la giff dien khong lau sff ro dien ngi bg giffa dien cffe Ddi vdi tu dien kep, cau tao cua ldp giffa effc chi chiu dffgc hieu dien the cd 2-3 von, neu mud'n lam viee d dien the ldn phai ghep ndi r a t nhieu sieu tu dien Sieu tu dien dae biet tien lgi nhd kha n a n g thu gom n a n g lffgng bi m i t m a t cua thiet bi hoac cong n a n g vo ieh san lam nong nhffng phffgng tien sff dung Mgt xe hgi ehay tdc cao, h a m phanh dgng n a n g tich luy se tda het Dung sieu tu dien co the thu gom h e t n a n g lffgng p h a t r a dffdi dang dien n a n g va dien n a n g cd the sff dung de khdi dgng lai dgng eg Tff nhffng ffu the eua sieu tu dien, nhieu h a n g s i n xuat dang day m a n h viec eai tien, van dung nhffng tien bg ky t h u a t cua eong nghe nano de sff dung nhffng vat lieu Id nhd, eo dien tieh m a t ngoai effc ldn lam tff dng nanocacbon Nhffng sieu tu dien lam b i n g vat lieu nano cd vai tro a QUAN LY KINH TE cang quan trgng xu the tiet kiem n a n g lffgng va sff dung n a n g lffgng saeh trao lffu p h a t t r i e n hien C o n g n g h p t h a n s a c h Vao n a m 2004, t h a n chie'm 26% tieu thu n a n g lffgng toan e l u va ed the len den 28% vao n a m 2030 Tai nffde My, V s a n lffgng dien dffgc s i n xuat tff t h a n Vdi so' lffgng md t h a n dffng thff the gidi, h a n g n a m Trung Qudc da khai thac mgt khdi lffgng t h a n ldn n h a t the gidi, gap l l n nffde My Viee dung t h a n de s i n xuat dien eua Trung Quo'c dffgc dff bao se t a n g tff 22,7 Quadrillion BTu n a m 2004 len 55,9 quadrillion BTu, gap g i n 2,5 l l n n a m 2030 (Trung t a m TTKH&CN 2007, Cue TTKH&CN 2010) Viec khai t h a c sff dung t h a n theo eong nghe truyen thd'ng tao lffgng t h a i gay hieu ffng n h a kinh gia t a n g vdi tdc cao, dang de dga n a n g ne bien ddi hau toan elu Nhffng eai t h i e n hieu qua van h a n h bang ap dung nhffng eong nghe mdi da tao lgi ich, khich le nhieu nha dilu h a n h n h a may p h a t dien dung than Cong nghe hda t h a n ed the tao tff nhien, hydro va n h i e n lieu long dffgc coi la bffdc dot pha, tao t h u a n lgi cho viec Iffa chgn t h a n da lam n a n g lffgng saeh Than sach la t h u a t ngff dffgc sff dung n g a n h cong nghiep t h a n va nhffng tap doan quy mo ldn, nd dffgc the hien thong qua cac n h d m n g a n h eong nghe va cong nghiep lam t a n g hieu s u i t t a i sinh than Sff dung t h a n sach cho phep giam thieu dang ke lffgng p h a t t h i i tff nhffng n h a may p h a t dien dung than Cdng nghe t h a n sach bao gdm ca viee thu giff cacbon (CCS), ehuyen t h a n t h a n h nguyen lieu hda hge hoac n h i e n lieu van tai dffdi dang t h a n hda d i u (CTL) Ngoai ra, sff dung pin n h i e n lieu cacbon trffe tie'p cung la phffgng p h a p de thu dffgc n a n g lffgng sach Tff khia canh moi trffdng, t h a n h cdng 3634(7/2010) CONG N G H £ HANG DAU T R O N G PHAT T R I ^ N KINH Tg THg GIOI pgN NAM 2025 phat t r i e n t h a n saeh bang eong nghe thu giff cacbon CCS da tao niem tin ve sff an toan sff dung ngudn hda thach ddi dao p h a t trien kinh te-xa hgi Tuy nhien, theo vien cong nghe Massachusetts (MIT), eong nghe chffa dam b i o dffgc quy mo c i n thiet de tdn trff dffgc 90% lffgng p h a t t h a i tff nhffng nha may p h a t dien dung than ed ldn (NIC 2008) Cae nha may dien sff dung eong nghe CCS cd the ep va bom C02 chffa dffdi bien sau hoac vao cac md d i u da can ngap long dat Trong do, bffm C02 vao md d i u vdi k h i n a n g lam tang sff hdi phue dau md la phffgng phap cd nhilu ffu t h e Dff an tang san lffgng dau md Weyburn d North Dakota va Canada tien h a n h tff n a m 2000 da sff dung C02 tff nhffng co sd hoa t h a n de nang eao san lffgng d i u md khai thac Cae phffong phap chon giff vinh vien C02 da dffgc phat trien tff phffffng phap Den nay, eong trinh chon lap ldn n h i t dang boat dgng tai khu vffe gian khoan khai thac Sleipner t r e n Bien Bic, hang nam da eo lap dffgc t r e n trieu t a n thai C02 Theo cae nha phan tich, ehu trinh tieh hgp hda giffp phue hdi sff dung nang lffgng than cd ket qua tdt hon so vdi ddt than de ehay tua bin phat dien b i n g ap suit hoi nffde Quy trinh nung ndng than moi trffdng khong oxy va nffde khong chffa nito la qua trinh hda cd sff ket hgp nhffng san pham Iffa chgn Cacbon monooxide hoac methane cd the sff dung nhff nguyen lieu hda hge, cdn dioxide carbon dffgc ddt chay Mgt nha may quy trinh hdn hgp k e t hgp hda than, cd k h i n a n g thu t h a p dffgc hydro nhff mgt loai nhien lieu hoac lam nang lffgng cho nha may p h a t dien- chay bd sung Cong nghe t h a n hda d i u da dffgc p h a t tril'n d Dffc tff trffdc chie'n t r a n h the gidi 3634(7/2010) THONGTIN P J ^ l l n thff II va tai Nam Phi nffa sau the ky XX Tap doan Than va Diu md Nam Phi (South African Coal and Oil) da cung d p nhien lieu va nguyen lieu hda c h i t cho nganh eong nghiep chau Phi va xuat khau nhffng san pham dffdi dang than hda diu Mac du cong nghe than hda diu giam thieu khong dang ke lffgng phat thai lien quan den diu tho, nhffng da tao eg hgi de n h i l u nha khai thac than da dang hda san pham sff dung va giup eac qud^e gia eo trff lffgng than da doi dao it phu thuge hon vao d i u md va nhffng hda c h i t ed ngudn goc tff d i u md (NIC 2008; Cue TTKH&CN, 2010) , iMac du cong nghe thiet yeu eho phep thu giff va C lap carbon chffa ed kha O nang thffOng mai hoa trffdc nam 2020, song khong vi vay ma lam giam hieu qua cua viee ffng dung cong nghe than saeh Tff nhffng xu hffdng d i l n ra, eac nha nghien effu cho r i n g , the gidi dang hffdng den mgt moi trffdng nang lffgng carbon dffgc quy dinh chat ehe Vdi nhu elu nang lffgng tiep tue gia tang the ky XXI, cgng ddng khoa hge ffdc tinh, lffgng carbon dioxide dffgc tao bdi hoat dgng cong nghiep se eo nhffng hieu ffng lau dai ddi vdi bien ddi hau toan elu Trong nhffng nd Iffc de ngan ngffa nhffng hau qui cua BDKH, chinh sach tao mgt moi trffdng nang lffgng h a n che carbon tffgng thich vdi nhu elu nang lffgng e i n thiet eho phat trien kinh te xa hgi, cong nghe than sach la mgt nhffng dinh hffdng phat trien dang de quan tam C o n g n g h p R o b o t i c s Robot dffgc coi la thiet bi co, dien tff cd the thffe hien dffgc nhffng nhiem vu da lap trinh La linh vffe eong nghe rgng, robotics cang thu hut dffgc sff quan t a m d i u tff va quang ba rgng rai eae linh vffe cong nghiep, y te, cham soc sffc khde, thie't bi tff hanh, an ninh, qude phong va cong viee phuc vu gia OUAN LY KINH TE m [TOI THONG TIN CONG NGH6 H A N G DAU TRONG PHAT T R I ^ N KINH Tg THg Gldl DgN NAM 2025 dinh Thi trffdng robot tdng the hien bao gdm nhdm p h a n biet cd quy mo ldn dd la Robot eong nghiep (Indusstrial Robotics) Robot dich vu (Service Robotics) va Robot ca n h a n (Personal Robotics) Theo lien doan Robot qudc te (IFR), robot dich vu (Service robotics) la loai robot thffe hien tffng p h a n hodc d i y du ede dich vu tien ieh; dd, robot eho qud'c phong va anh ninh qude gia la p h a n ldp dich vu ldn n h a t (Thanh T h i o 2008) Sff phdt trien robotics, lien quan den n a n g Iffe cong nghe, robot di dgng hoac cdc he thdng tff dgng thffdng bao gdm nhieu tieu he thdng P h i n effng thong thffdng la nhffng thie't bi cff dien tff, pin, dgng eg, nhffng bg cam bien va he d i n dgng; p h i n mem la nhffng chffffng trinh da dffgc dinh sdn Hoat dgng cua nhffng he thdng cd the dem lai hieu qua ehe tao va van h a n h nhieu loai robot Trong xu the phdt trien hien dai, n h a n thffe ve tri tue n h a n tag cua robot da dffgc dae biet quan tam Tien bg tri tue n h a n tao (Artuficial Intelligenee-AI-) va eong nghe ed lien quan la sff sdng cua phdt trien robot thong minh va tff chu phue vu Nhffng nghien effu eg b a n giao dien ngffdi-mdy v l t a m ly va t h i n kinh giff vai tro then chdt de eon ngffdi va robot ed the giao tie'p hieu q u i vdi Theo cdc nha p h a n tieh, sff phdt trien eua he thdng AI se cho phep thffe hien dffgc nhffng cong viec trffdc n a m 2020 Khi dd, ngffdi ta ed the tao dffgc nhffng robot ed kha n a n g suy nghi va h a n h dgng, ed the thffe hien dffgc nhffng nhiem vu khong c i n sff can thiep eua ngffdi (NIC 2008; Cue TTKH&CN, 2010) Chuyen bien eong nghe lien quan den tri tue n h a n tao vdi nhffng m a n g ng ron da I n h hffdng ehi pho'i ldn de'n tffffng lai phdt trien robotics Tao nhffng robot thong minh bang edch t r a n g bi cho chung nhffng bg cam bien va vi xff ly, la edch tie'p can xua't phdt tff sff hieu bie't ve he ^ OUAN LY KINH TE tho'ng sinh hoc thffe hien cam n h a n phffc t a p de n h a n thffe va thffe hien cac nhiem vu v a n dgng, da dffgc eac n h a nghien effu van dung t h a n h eong Cdc n h a khoa hge da che tao dffgc nhffng robot mo phdng sinh hge (Biomimettie robot) tiem can dffgc ddng thdi v a n ddng cua mgt so' dgng vat de dung vao cdc he di ddng Tff nguyen ly phdng thi nghiem den mo hinh sdn sang eho s a n xuat, cdc nha t h i e t ke mgt m a t tiep tuc tieh hgp nhffng eong nghe hien dai vao tffng loai robot eu the; mdt khde, hg cung t r i e n khai nhffng nghien effu n h a m tao nhffng robot hoan toan mdi Cd nhffng loai di dgng dgn gian dffa t r e n bdnh xe, nhffng cung eo nhieu loai dffa t r e n nhffng he thd^ng tinh vi, thffe hien nhffng chuyen dgng phffc t a p theo bffdc chan di Cung vdi nhffng tie'n bg nay, phdt trien eong nghe pin n a n g lffgng cung da cdi t h i e n ddng ke k h i ndng boat dgng cua robot Nhffng loai pin nhien lieu (Fuel cell technology) dung eho robot di dgng mdi bffdc d i u phdt trien nhffng da md khd n a n g ffng dung to ldn de md rgng thi trffdng robot dich vu (NIC 2008; Cue TTKH&CN, 2010) La mgt linh vffe tich hgp da nganh, nhffng tie'n bg khoa hge va eong nghe da mang lai n h i l u g i i i phdp de n a n g cao ndng Iffe boat dgng cua robotics Vdi sff phdt t r i e n n h a n h chdng lien lae khong day, robot da md rgng dffgc khd ndng giao tiep vdi the gidi ben ngoai Cong nghe va t i n g lien lac khong day tiep tue phdt t r i e n da tao t h u a n lgi de n a n g cao vai tro eua robot mgi h o a t dgng De thffe hien nhffng n h i e m vu cang da dang va phffc t a p , phdi t r a n g bi cho robot nhffng bg cam bien n h a y cam n h a m thu t h a p kip thdi dff lieu ea ve t i m nhin va a m t h a n h Nhffng tien bg eong nghe ve vi xff li, vi eg dien tff va truyen dgng tien tie'n nhff eg n h a n tao da giup hoan t h i e n nhieu kieu robot e l ve chffc ndng va kha ndng thffe hien, ddc biet ddi vdi 36 34(7/2010) C O N G NGHg H A N G DAU TRONG PHAT T R I ^ N KINH Tg THg GIOI DgN NAM 2025 nhffng robot kich thffdc nhd, cd phffc tap eao (Trieu Qudc Lgc 2008) Ngay nay, robot dang dffgc phdt trien va md rgng p h a m vi sff dung de thffe hien nhffng nhiem vu khd khdn, nguy hiem va nham chdn Robot eong nghiep da tao nen cugc cdeh mang thffe sff mgt so' nganh ehe tdc, khai khodng, ehe bien Robot dich vu eung dffgc md rgng linh vffe quan sff, dam bao anh ninh, ddi sdng gia dinh va nhffng boat dgng xa hgi Tai N h a t Ban, robot dich vu ehuyen nghiep da phdt trien n h a n h boat dgng l l tan, kiem tra an ninh Robot chuyen nghiep eung da dffgc trien khai d nhilu linh vffe e i n sff phd^i hgp lien nganh nhff p h i u thuat y hge, v i i n thong Khi dffgc trang bi nhffng cam bien tien tie'n, robot dich vu quan sff da ed kha nang phdt hien nhffng moi de dga nhanh hon ngffoi, tao lgi the nha't dinh gidm sdt va thffe thi chien dau Nhffng robot mini va nhffng dan robot nho be da trd t h a n h nhffng cong cu dae biet hffu ich dilu tra, khao sdt va tim kie'm effu hg Nhffng robot thdng minh, ed kha n a n g tff chu da eai thien ddng ke chat lffgng nhffng dich vu khd khan, nguy hiem ca phuc vu chien dau va ddi song xa hgi Cong nghe robot da the hien r i t ro tiem nang tdc dgng den cdc ye'u td^ la sffc manh cua mgi quo'c gia Viec sff dung he thdng van h a n h tff dgng khong ngffdi ldi vdi phan mem n i n t a n g dffgc e i i thien, da gop p h i n quan trong dam bao an ninh, nang eao vai tro va vi the dia chinh tri qudc gia Vl kinh t e , eung vdi xu the phdt trien n h a n h chdng eua robot dich vu, thi trffdng robot phi cong nghiep toan ciu mgt t a n g eao, dffgc dff bao dat doanh sd t r e n 15 ty USD vao n a m 2015 Robot dang trd t h a n h mgt nganh eong nghiep quan trgng eo tdc dgng den nhieu nganh kinh te khde (NIC 2008) 30 34(7/2010) THONG TIN VEMR Vl phffgng dien vdn hda Robot cung tao a n h hffdng ddng ke cho cdc linh vffe then chdt gdn ket xa hgi Gidng nhff nhffng eon vat t h a n thuge nha, robot thong minh eo the trd t h a n h vat giao tiep, lam ban vdi ngffdi gia; robot lam cong viec gia dinh dffgc dff bdo se phdt trien r i t nhanh Tai N h a t B i n , nhieu loai robot dich vu da dffgc sff dung vao ehdm soc ngffdi gia, thffe hien nhffng eong viec phffc tap, khd khdn bode eo tinh c h i t lap di lap lai Vdi nhffng dot phd eong nghe robotics va n i m giff dffgc nhffng patent cot ldi de thffOng mai hda ket qua nghien effu My va N h a t Ban la nhffng nffde di d i u tren thi trffdng robot the gidi Tiep theo My va Nhat la ede quo'c gia d chau Au va Han Qud^c, Trung Quo'c eung la mgt nffde dang ndi len linh vffe La m a n h da't mau md eho sang tao cong nghe, tinh chat toan elu va sff tham gia rgng rai cua cgng ddng khoa hge qud'c te da lam cho vai tro cua robotics cang quan trgng va dang md nhffng chan trdi mdi sff phat trien toan cau C o n g nghp I n t e r n e t Vdi xu the phdt trien toan elu, tffgng lai Interrnet se hien dien d mgi dd vat sff dung hang ke ca vat goi thffe an, dd ngi that, gia'y van phdng riii ro xua't hien se ldn hon r a t nhilu l l n neu ngffdi thffe hien nhffng h a n h vi dilu khien, kiem tra, kiem sodt va dinh vi mgi vat tff xa Khi dd vat da an chffa rui ro an ninh thong tin, thi lien ke't nhieu vat dl d i n de'n gia tang bgi lan rui ro t r e n mang interrnet Nhu elu gia tang dd vat sff dung hang cung vdi nhffng tien bg cong nghe se tao lan song md rgng viee sff dung eong nghe interrnet lien ket mgi vat Dffgc ggi tff t h a n h vien eua Hgi ddng phdt trien eong nghe n h a n dang t a n sd sdng vo tuye'n dien (RFID), QUAN L KINH TE Y Q [TOI THONG TIN CONG NGHg HANG DAU TRONG PHAT TRiiN KINH Tg THg GIOI DgN NAM 2025 I n t e r r n e t lien k e t mgi v a t (Internet of Things-IoT-) dffgc dung de chi k h a ndng k h d m phd va khai thdc thong tin ve dd v a t gan vdi RFID, nd the hien y tffdng chung v l nhffng dd v a t ma ngffdi ta cd the dge, n h a n dang, dinh vi va xac dinh dia chi hoac k i e m sodt t h o n g qua Interrnet B i n chat k e t noi eong nghe loT dffgc t h o n g qua giao thffe internet (Internet Protocol) nhffng b e n canh dd khong the bd qua cong nghe n h a n dang t i n so' sdng vo tuyen dien Bdi vay, loT khong tdch rdi dffgc vdi nhffng m a n g cam bien gidm sdt dd vat Hai phffgng thffe k e t noi phd bie'n eua loT la dd vat vdi ngffdi (Thing to Person) dffa t r e n nhffng eong nghe eho phep ngffdi tdc dgng len dd v a t va dd v a t vdi dd vat (Thing to Thing) cho phep v a t dung h a n g va eg sd h a t i n g tffgng tdc lan khong qua tdc dgng eon ngffdi Theo dd, giao tiep mdy vdi mdy la mgt dang giao tiep dd vat vdi dd v a t dffgc sff dung rgng rai he tho'ng eong nghe thong tin dien rgng Lien quan den cong nghe Interrnet lien ket mgi vat ed nhieu, nhffng chu yeu bao gdm ede n h a n td^ cau t h a n h he thd^ng dd la: Giao dien mdy vdi mdy va nhffng giao thffe lien lac dien tff t r e n mgt mang Iffdi; cdc chip mdy tinh ddng vai tro vi kiem sodt (microcontroller) dffgc tao de g i n t r e n dd vat; he tho'ng lien lac khong day vdi t i i m n a n g da dang hda cdc k e n h lien lae loT; cong nghe RFID gdm nhffng the va d i u dge vdi ffu the thong tin dffgc t r u i n qua khoang edch nhd ma khong e i n tiep xue vat ly; nhffng bg cam bie'n dd tim thuge tinh thay ddi moi trffdng va bdo ve he thd'ng, dd la mgt dang mdy bie'n n a n g ed the tao ndng lffgng r i t nhd de t r u y i n thong tin; cdc bg dan dgng (actuator) dd tim tin hieu de'n va phan ffng bang cdeh thay ddi moi trffdng; cdc eong nghe dinh vi giup ngffdi va may tim mgi dd vat va xac dinh ^ QUAN LY KINH TE mdi trffdng xung quanh Mgt ca'u t h a n h quan trgng cua he t h d n g dd la p h i n mem Sff phdt t r i e n cua eong nghe loT phu thuge nhieu vao n a n g Iffe cong nghe p h i n m i m ma khong cd khung ly thuyet nao gidi b a n sff phdt t r i e n (Cue TTKH&CN Qude gia, 2010) Theo cdc n h a p h a n tieh, RFID la mgt phffgng phdp n h a n d a n g tff dgng t r e n cff sd lffu trff dff lieu tff xa, dffa vao t h e n h a n dang t i n sd sdng vo tuye'n dien va d i u dge RFID Cong nghe n a y da tao t h u a n lgi cho viee n h a n d a n g dd v a t tff nhffng k h o a n g edch ldn, nd da md hffdng ffng dung mdi to chffc n g h i e n effu va qudn ly e l v l do'i tffgng n h a n sff, he thdng quan ly; quan ly h a n g h d a doanh nghiep, n h a kho, sieu thi, xe eg va thffe h i e n cdc thu tue h a n h chinh Thffe te ffng dung loT nhieu linh vffe eung da the hien nhffng ffu the ddng ke cua eong nghe so vdi nhffng eong nghe t r u y i n thd'ng sff dung trffdc day Dung the RFID giup tiet kiem thdi gian va tao t a m ly ly thoai mdi ede giao dich thffong mai va dich vu, bdi toe dge va xff ly RFID cd the dat tff 50 den 2.000 the mgt giay ( n h a n h gap tff 40 den 1.600 l l n so vdi viec quet ma vach) Nhd nhffng tien bg cong nghe eua he thdng n h a n d a n g dff lieu tff dgng khong day, RFID ed the giam thieu sai sdt v l dia diem, day c h u y i n cung ffng va tdn t h i t giao h a n g den 90%; gia tdng hieu sua't tff 12% de'n 15% va giam dffgc thdi gian kiem dem tdn kho h a n g hda tff 35% de'n 40% (NIC 2008) Tff nhffng lgi the eua eong nghe loT kinh doanh Home Depot, mgt t a p doan bdn le ldn thff nffde My da dan the t h o n g m i n h RFID len t i t ea 50.000 loai s a n p h a m va hang Gilette cung da ddt h a n g 500 trieu the g i n vdi san p h a m dao cao rau Do dat dffgc nhieu mue tieu khde biet so vdi nhffng ddi thu canh t r a n h , 3634(7/2010) CONG NGHE HANG DAU TRONG P H A T T R I ^ N KINH Tg THE GIOI DgN NAM 2025 quan ly san pham, cong nghe loT dffgc n h i l u doanh nghiep eoi la eong nghe then chot ea ve tao kenh mdi cho marketing va la phffong thffe khuyen khieh khdch hang thong qua sff dung RFID Vdi lgi the cd the dge dffgc ta't ea ma nhffng kien hang kho khong c i n dich chuyen, kiem ke, tim kiem ma vach de quet theo cong nghe cu, nha q u i n ly cd the n i m chac thdng tin v l nhffng kien h a n g d bat cff thdi diem nao va hang hda t h a t lac ed the biet dffgc ehinh xde kien hang va thff hang gi nhd vao sd^ ma dien tff Nhd vao cdc mang cam bien, eong viec theo ddi, gidm sdt eung hffa hen nhffng t i i m nang to ldn Tai ede hai cing, san bay, n h a ga, dffdng bien gidi hay tru sd eong ty, cong nghe loT cd the tao dffgc h a n g rao thay the cho nhffng dgi quan kiem sodt ton kem Viee dat mdy dge RFID dge theo cdc diem hang di, hang den giup cho cdc nha quan ly n i m chic dffgc thong tin de chuan bi td^t nhffng thu tue e i n thiet giao, n h a n va chffng n h a n h a n g den, h a n g di Mgt t i i m ndng ffng dung quan trgng khde cua cong nghe loT la kha ndng van dung vao nhffng linh vffe ed lien quan mat thiet vdi v i i n tin (Telematics) Day thffe chat la sff ket hgp cua v i i n thong (Telecommunication) va cong nghe thong tin (Information Technology) Viee ket hgp tao t h a n h nhffng he thdng tin hge cd pham vi rgng ldn bao gdm n h i l u trung tam mdy tinh eung ket nd'i vdi bdi m a n g truyen thong tin dff lieu Telematics cd xu hffdng cang md rgng vdi nhieu thie't bi ket noi hoat dgng cdc he thd^ng dien tff, chan dodn, kiem tra, kiem sodt, dam bao an ninh, lien lae, dich vu ho trg boat dgng d n h i l u linh vffe Mgt dffgc thffe hien mgt cdeh rdng rai, loT ed the dem lai lgi ich dai b a n do'i vdi nhieu n i n kinh te Day la giii phdp hgp ly hoa va cdeh mang hda ede 3634(7/2010) T O G TIN HN r n p chudi eung ffng va hau e i n n h i m giam chi phi, tang hieu qua va giam dan sff phu thuge vao ngudn nhan eong Kha nang ke't hgp nhffng dff lieu cam bien tff n h i l u O dd vat C the md nhffng kha nang ngan ngffa tgi pham, lam giam bdt cang thang xa hgi tren pham vi toan elu Cong nghe dinh vi d mgi noi se giup ieh eho viee xde dinh hang boa thieu hut hoac bi ddnh d p nhffng giao dich thffgng mai Mat khde, cd the ngan ngffa viec truy cap eiia ke thu va nhffng tgi pham tdi cac mang mdy d m bien va dd vat dffgc dilu khien tff xa Mac du cd nhffng lgi the, song cdc nha phan tieh v i n canh bdo v l nguy cO phai do'i mat vdi nhffng p h i n m i m hiem dge pha hoai, t h a m chi bi eai dat vao ede dd vat Mgt thi trffdng md cho nhffng dff lieu d m bien eo the phuc vu tot eho nhffng lgi ich thffgng mai va an ninh, nhffng cd the trd t h a n h muc tieu cho tgi pham va tinh bdo nffde ngoai va eung co the dan den lam xoi mon lien ket xa hgi Thay cho ldi ket Sff thay ddi tffong lai ciia cdc linh vffe khoa hge cong nghe va dac biet la nhffng nganh eong nghe then chd't cd t i m anh hffdng rgng ldn den phdt trien kinh te xa hgi cua mdi khu vffe, vffng m i i n va mgi qud^e gia Dff bdo dffgc xu the va trien vgng cua nhffng nganh cong nghe ehu dao tffng giai doan, cd giai phdp tap trung d i u tff phdt trien vao nhffng linh vffe trgng tam cua n i n kinh te la viee lam d n thiet de hoach dinh chinh saeh, chien Iffgc va xay dffng cdc chffong trinh, ke hoach phdt trien KT-XH qudc gia va d tffng Hnh vffe Nhffng cong nghe hang d i u nen kinh te toan d u tff den nam 2025 dffgc cdc td chffc va nha nghien effu the gidi ggi ra, cd the la mgt tham khao CO ieh sff Iffa chgn cua eae nha hoach dinh chinh sach qude gia va tffng nganh kinh te ky thuat co lien quan d nffde ta./ QUAN LY KINH TE ^ f T O j ] THONG TIN CONG NGHE HANG DAU TRONG PHAT TRIEN KINH TE THE GIOI OgN NAM 2025 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO • NIC, Six Technologies with Potential Impacts out to 2025, National Intellgence Coucil USA, 2008 • Chris Jablonski Biogenotechnology impact in 2025 Emerging Tech September, 2008 • J o a n Ogden Hydrogen as an Carrier, University of California Energy Cue TTKH&CN, Nhffng cdng nghe quan hang dau ddi vdi My tff den 2025, Tdng luan Khoa hoc -Cdng nghe-Kinh te sd 266 t h a n g 4/2010 ^ QUAN LY KINH TE Trung t a m TTKH&CN Qudc gia, "Nang lugng the gidi den n a m 2050", Tdng luan Khoa hoc-Cong nghe-Kinh te, sd 229, t h d n g 3/2007 Thanh Thao, "Dff dodn quy md va n a m b a t C hoi ciia thi triidng robot di dong", Tgp O chi Tu dgng hoa ngdy nay, so' 6/2007 Trieu Qud'c Ldc va cdng su Qua t r i n h phdt trien robot t r e n the gidi va kha nang "Ung dung robot thay the ngi/di lao dpng Iam viec tai mdi trudng nguy hiem cd hai", Tgp chi An todn sUc khoe vd Moi trudng lao dons, so' 4/ 2008 j 36 34 (7/2010) ... lam tff d i u md ( Chris Jablonski 2008) QUAN LY KINH TE ^ [TOI THONG TIN CONG NGHE HANG DAU TRONG PHAT TRiiN KINH TE THS'' Gldl D^N NAM 2025 Nen kinh te n a n g lffgng sinh hoc da dffa vao eg sd... ta./ QUAN LY KINH TE ^ f T O j ] THONG TIN CONG NGHE HANG DAU TRONG PHAT TRIEN KINH TE THE GIOI OgN NAM 2025 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO • NIC, Six Technologies with Potential Impacts out to 2025, National... luan Khoa hoc -Cdng nghe -Kinh te sd 266 t h a n g 4/2010 ^ QUAN LY KINH TE Trung t a m TTKH&CN Qudc gia, "Nang lugng the gidi den n a m 205 0", Tdng luan Khoa hoc-Cong nghe -Kinh te, sd 229, t h d