DANG LANH DAO CONG CUOC D6I MOI CONG TAG NGHIEN CLFU LY LUAN • CUA DANG TRONG THai KY 001 MOI thanh taa vo kinh nghiem GS,TS MACH QUANG THANG* L Mot so thanh tun co ban trong cong tac ly luan ciia Dang Khdng dinh sdc song ciia chu nghia Mdc - Lenin. Sir nghidp ddi mdi dat nude didn ra trong bdi canh rat dac bidt. Tat ca cac nudc trong he thdng xa hdi chii nghTa, khdng trir mdt nudc nao, Ur giiia nhimg nam 80 ciia the ky XX, bj lam vao khiing hoang. Cd nudc thi khiing hoang toan didn ea chinh tri, kinh td, xa hdi; cd nudc thi bi khiing hoang kinh td-xa hdi (nhu d Viet Nam). Trong tinh hinh dd, chii nghTa Mac - Lenin cang bi thir thach mdt each gay gat. Thuc ra, khdng phai mai den Iiic nay, chil nghTa Mac - Ldnin mdi bi cac thd lire thii dich chi trich, ma ngay tir khi nd mdi ra ddi da bi cac thd lire chdng cdng san Udn the gidi da kich rdi. Cir qua mdi budc thir thach, chu nghTa Mac - Lenin cang chimg td sire sdng manh Hdt ciia minh. Lan nay, chu nghTa Mac - Ldnin bi da kich mdt each dir dan va cay nghidt hon bdi chat "xuc tac" la sir khiing hoang va sau dd la sir tan ra ciia Dang Cdng san Lien Xd - mdt dang eiia V.I.Lenin, Dang da lanh dao Cach mang xa hdi chii nghia * Hgc vien CT-HC quoc gia Hd Chi Minh thang Mudi Nga vT dai thing lgi nam 1917, thanh lap mdt nudc xa hdi chii nghTa diu tidn trdn thd gidi; md ra thdi dai mdi trong Hch sir tidn hoa ciia nhan loai; thdi dai qua do tir chii nghTa tu ban Idn chii nghTa xa hdi tren pham vi toan the gidi; mdt Dang da lanh dao cudc diu Uanh chdng chii nghTa phat xit, cim loai ngudi thoat khdi tham hoa diet vong, tao didu kidn cho su ra ddi ciia he thdng xa hdi chii nghTa thd gidi; mdt Dang lanh dao xay dung mdt dit nudc Xdvidt, tru cdt eiia he thdng xa hdi chii nghTa, ciia ndn hoa binh thd gidi. Cimg vdi sir tan ra eiia Dang Cdng san Lidn Xd la sir tan ra ciia Lidn bang Cdng hoa xa hdi chii nghTa Xdvidt va ciia cac dang cdng san cam quydn va chd do xa hdi chil nghia d cac nudc Ddng Au. Trong tinh hinh ay, chii nghTa Mac - Ldnin khdng nhiing bi eac the luc tu san da kich ma nghidm Ugng hon la bi mdt sd phan tir vdn la cdng san, phan bdi chii nghTa cdng san, da kich. Dang Cdng san Viet Nam da dimg vimg tmdc sir bidn ddng chinh tri dir ddi dd, trudc het bang each khang dinh, kien tri chii nghTa Mac - Lenin, cho rang, su sup dd ciia he thong xa hdi chii nghTa thd gidi khdng phai la sir sup dd ciia ly luan Mac - Ldnin ma chi la TAP CHi UCH SLf DANG - S6 1/2010 39 DANG LANH DAO CONG CUOC 061 MOI sir sup dd cua md hinh khdng phii hgp vd chii nghia xa hdi, la kdt qua ciia dudng Idi cai td sai lam. la sir tac ddng tir sir phan bdi ciia mdt sd nhan \-at lanh dao Uong dang cdng san va nha nudc d nhung nudc dd. Ly luan Mae - Lenin mang ban chat khoa hgc va each mang, Uang bi cho eac td chire cdng san thd gidi quan. nhan sinh quan va phuong phap bien chimg duy vat Uong hanh ddng. Ly luan dd la su ket tinh nhiong gi la tinh tuy cua thue tidn each mang. Va. dd la hgc thuydt "md", nghTa la nd ludn ludn duge nap them nang lugng mdi tir cudc sdng. nd cang ngay cang phat tridn, dugc bdi dap them sire sdng mdi. Chinh vi the. Uong ltie khdng it can bd. dang vien cd nhiong bidu hidn hoang mang. dao ddng. Dang da kip thdi khang dinh nhung gia tri bat diet cua ehii nghTa Mac - Lenin. Hdi nghi Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang lan thir 6 (Khoa VI) da ndu Idn nhung nguydn tac cua ddi mdi. trong dd nhan manh lai sir ddi mdi ciia Viet Nam la vi mue tidu cua chii nghTa xa hdi Udn co sd chii nghia Mac - Ldnin; Uude hdt la ddi mdi kinh td va timg budc kdt hgp ddi mdi chinh tri; khdng chap nhan da nguydn ehinh tri va da dang ddi lap; khang dinh vai ud lanh dao cua Dang Cdng san Viet Nam. \ \ Dang ehto y la, sir khang dinh dd da Ud thanh chien lugc lau dai cua Dang ta, khdng phai la bidn phap giai quydt tinh hudng mac dii luc dd dit nudc thuc sir dang lam nguy. Khang dinh \-d mat kidn Ui ly luan chinh tri. cd thd ndi, dd la sir sang sudt, lam cai gdc cho mgi boat ddng khac eiia Dang, la the hidn ban ITnh chinh tri eiia mdt Dang macxit - Idninit, Dang do Hd Chi Minh sang lap, lanh dao va ren luyen, mdt Dang da kinh qua nhieu thir thach ngat ngheo cua cac tinh thd, Uude cac khuc quanh ciia tmh hinh Uong nudc va thd gidi. Didu dae bidt la Dang Cdng san Viet Nam chua bao gid phai Uai qua tinh hudng nhu luc dd; tinh hudng phai nhin lai CO sd ly luan each mang cua minh: chii nghia Mac - Ldnin. Ndi tdi ban chat khoa hgc va each mang ciia chil nghia Mac - Lenin cung hoe la ndi ddn sir van dung sang tao va phat tridn chii nghia ay Uong sudt ca thdi gian tdn tai \-a phat tridn ciia Dang Cdng san Viet Nam. Dang ta da kien tri nhirng nguydn ly eo ban cua chit nghia Mac - Ldnia \'an dtong sang tao va phat tridn nhirng nguydn ly dd vao didu kien cu the ciia dit nudc. Sir nghidp ddi mdi eiia Viet Nam Uong gan 25 nam qua dudi sir lanh dao ciia Dang Cdng san da cdng hidn nhidu van dd ly luan khdng nhiing cd tac dung bao vd sir Uong sang ciia chil nghia Mac - Lenin ma cdn bd sung \-ao kho tang ly luan eua chii nghia Mac - Ldnin nhieu van de. Dd la nhirng van dd vd chii nghTa xa hdi va con dudng di Idn chii nghia xa hdi cua Viet Nam Uong didu kidn mdt nudc ndng nghiep lac hau lai phai chiu hau qua nang ne eiia cac cudc chidn Uanh. Dd la nhirng \'an dd ve xay dtong ndn kinh te thi tmdng dinh hudng xa hdi ehii nghia. Dd la nhiong van de xay dung he thdng chinh tri Uong thdi ky' qua do len chil nghia xa hdi, Uong dd dang chu y nhat la Ur ddi mdi, tu chinh ddn Dang cam quydn Uong dieu kidn xa hdi chi cd mdt dang duy nhat (Dang Cdng san Viet Nam) ma dang dd ddng vai Ud cam quydn lanh dao he thdng chinh tri va toan xa hdi, dang dd vin bao dam 40 TAP CHi UCH SIJOANG - SO 1/2010 DANG LANH DAO CONG CUOC DOl m\ va phat huy dan ehu trong toan xa hdi; xay dung Nha nude phap quydn xa hdi chii nghTa ciia dan, do dan, vi dan dudi sir lanh dao ciia Dang Cdng san Viet Nam. Dd la nhung vin dd ddi ndi, ddi ngoai Uong didu kidn toan ciu hoa va hgi nhap qudc td dang nhu nhimg ddng xoay tac ddng den mgi qudc gia-dan tdc. vin cdn mdt sd ngudi hidn nay phii nhan vai trd ciia chii nghia Mac - Lenin, cho ring, sir stop dd ciia he thong xa hdi chii nghTa la sir sup dd ca ly luan Mac - Ldnin; ring, cai sai d day khdng phai la chi sai vd md hinh ma sai "ca gdi" ly luan; ring, chii nghia Mac da tdn tai tram nam nay rdi. Uong khi dd cudc song bidn ddi rat nhanh chdng, vi the ly luan Mac - Lenin da bj lac hau rdi, v.v. Thuc te cho chung ta thay rd rang, thang lgi ciia sir nghidp ddi mdi ciia Viet Nam la to Idn va cd y nghia Hch sir Uong gan 25 nam vira qua bat ngudn Ur vide Dang Cdng san Viet Nam da kidn tri chii nghia Mac - Ldnin, van dung sang tao va phat tridn chil nghia Mac - Ldnin Uong didu kidn mdi. Neu cao tu tucmg Ho Chi Minh. Tu tudng Hd Chi Minh la sir kdt tinh ly luan Mac - Lenin, tinh hoa van boa ciia dan tdc va ciia nhan loai, la hgc thuydt vd giai phdng dan tde, giai phdng xa hdi-giai cap, giai phdng con ngudi. Ngay tir khi mdi ra ddi. Dang Cdng san Viet Nam da dugc vii trang bang tu tudng Hd Chi Minh vdi cac van kidn cd tinh chat cuong ITnh chinh tri dau tidn eiia Dang dugc thdng qua tai Hdi nghi thanh lap Dang dau nam 1930. Tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ed co sd tir chil nghTa Mac - Ldnin, do dd nd mang ban chat khoa hgc va each mang. Trai qua bao thir thach, Uong dd ed mdt thdi gian nhiing quan didm ciia Hd Chi Minh vd each mang Viet Nam bi Qudc td Cdng san va mdt sd ddng chi trong Trung uong Dang Cdng san Viet Nam hidu lam, nhung thuc td da chimg minh ring, Ur tudng Hd Chi Minh da trd thanh tai san tinh than rat quy bau ciia Dang va dan tdc ta. Tu Urdng Hd Chi Minh da soi dudng. chi ldi cho Dang va dan tdc Viet Nam tien len gianh tir thang Igi nay den thang lgi khac. Trong tinh hinh mdi. Dang Cdng san Viet Nam, bat dau Ur Dai hdi dai bieu toan qudc lan thir VII (nam 1991), da ndu cao tu Urdng Hd Chi Minh, coi Ur Urdng Hd Chi Minh cimg vdi chil nghTa Mac - Ldnm lam thanh nen tang Ur tudng va kim chi nam cho hanh ddng each mang. Dang Cdng san Viet Nam da thiy rd tu Urdng Hd Chi Minh da chi ra cho each mang Viet Nam nhiong van dd rat co ban; - Con dudng giai phdng dan tdc theo chii nghTa Mac - Ldnm, theo con dudng each mang vd san. - Xay dung mdt xa hdi mdi: xa hdi cdng san, ma giai doan dau la xa hdi xa hdi chii nghTa, mdt xa hdi khdng cdn chd do ngudi bdc lot ngudi, mgi ngudi ddu dugc am no. tu do, hanh phiic, mdt xa hdi bao dam dan chu, phiic lgi xa hdi, mdt xa hdi cd tinh doan kdt. hgp tac, hino nghi vdi eac dan tdc Udn the gidi Udn co sd tdn Ugng cac quydn dan tdc co ban eiia nhau. - Dd la tu tudng ddc lap dan tdc gan lien vdi chil nghTa xa hdi. Ddc lap dan tdc la didu kidn tidn quydt di Idn chii nghTa xa hdi; xay dung chil nghTa xa hdi la dieu kidn bao dam sir bdn -vimg ciia ddc lap dan tdc. - Nhiing quan didm vd xay dung lire lugng each mang, dd la dai doan kdt toan dan tdc. TAP CHi LICH SU" DANG - S6 1/2010 41 OANG LANH DAO CONG CUOC DOl m\ kdt hgp sire manh ciia dan tdc vdi sire manh thdi dai. - Tu tudng Hd Chi Minh chira dung nhirng quan diem vd chii nghTa nhan van macxit, dau tranh giai phdng con ngudi. - Hd Chi Minh la hidn than cua nhirng tu tudng giai quydt nhimg van dd toan cau: nhimg van dd bao vd hoa binh. ve sir phat tridn bdn viing cua the gidi, vd giai phdng toan didn con ngudi. uong dd cd van dd bao dam quydn con ngudi. vd bao ve mdi tmdng con ngudi sdng va hoat ddng. vd tinh him ai toan thd gidi, v.v. Chinh vi ndu cao tu tudng Hd Chi Minh Uong nhiing nam ddi mdi. cho ndn dan tdc Viet Nam khdng nhimg da dimg vting tmdc cac thir thach ngat ngheo. ma con phat tridn nhanh Udn con dudng di tdi muc tidu dan giau nudc manh. xa hdi cdng bang, dan chiu van minh. Ciing chinh nhu thd. ur tuong Hd Chi Minh. cimg vdi chil nghTa Mac - Lenin, Ud thanh nhan td ly luan chinh tri co ban hudng din hanh ddng cho toan xa hdi. Tu tudng dd da dugc kidm chimg sudt ca qua trinh ra ddi. tdn tai va phat tridn ciia Dang Cdng san Viet Nam 80 nam qua va cdn phat huy tac dung soi dudng. chi ldi cho dan tdc phat tridn Uong thdi gian tdi. Nhu va> Dang Cdng san Viet Nam da thanh cdng Uong vide ndu eao tu tudng Hd Chi Minh. bidt gan vdi ngudn ly luan quy bau dd hudng cho dan tdc phat tridn. Cd thd ndi rang, vdi vide ndu cao tu tudng Hd Chi Minh. ca xa hdi Viet Nam. dii nhdm cdng ddng nao. tir trong Dang, ngoai Dang, ngudi Vidt Nam d trong nudc hoac dang sinh sdng d nude ngoai, da quy Ui. doan kdt dudi nggn cd dai nghia Hd Chi Minh vi muc tidu chung. Kdt qua budc diu eiia cudc van ddng "Hge tap va lam theo tim guong dao dtic Hd Chi Minh" hidn nay do Dang phat ddng da thd hidn rd didu dd. Dang Cdng san Viet Nam ciing thay rat rd ring, khdng ndn va khdng the tach bidt, cang khdng dugc phep ddi lap, giiia tu tudng Hd Chi Minh vdi chii nghTa Mac - Ldnin. Mdt sd ngudi cd quan didm khdng dung rang, d Viet Nam, ehi cin ndu Ur tudng Hd Chi Minh la dil. khdng can neu chii nghTa Mac - Lenin. Danh ring, Uong Ur Urdng Hd Chi Minh da cd chu nghia Mac - Ldnin, hay ndi each khac, tu Urdng Hd Chi Minh la sir van dung sang tao va phat tridn chii nghTa Mac - Lenin vao didu kidn eu the cua Viet Nam; song tu tudng Hd Chi Minh khdng thd thay the ehii nghTa Mac - Ldnin vi chii nghTa Mac - Ldnin la mdt he thdng ly luan bao quat hon. Neu phii nhan chii nghia Mac - Lenin thi eiing Uic la phii nhan ca CO sd ly luan ciia tu tudng Hd Chi Minh. Mdt td hgp dung dan, hoan chinh nhat cho ly luan each mang ciia Viet Nam la chii nghTa Mac - Ldnin va tu tudng Hd Chi Minh. Quan tdm din td chuc vd xdy dimg dgi ngii cdn bg ly ludn. Can ndi ngay rang, Uong sudt 80 nam qua Dang Cdng san Viet Nam cd nhimg nha ly luan xuat sac. Nhung mdt dieu dang ndi hon ca la trong thdi ky ddi mdi. Dang ta tiep hoc chit Ugng td chirc nghien ciiu ly luan chinh tri. Tir sau Dai hdi dai bidu toan qudc Ian thti VIII. Tmng uong Dang da lap ra Hdi ddng Ly luan Tmng uong vdi nhidm \ai nghien cim nhung van dd ly luan dk Ur vin cho Trung uong Uong vide hoach dinh dudng ldi. Ngoai Hdi ddng Ly luan Trung uong, nhidu CO quan nghidn ctiu ly luan ed tix tmdc, 42 TAP CHi LICH SLT DANG • S6 1/2010 DANG LANH DAO CONG CUOC D6I m\ dac bidt la Hgc vidn Chinh tri - Hanh chinh qudc gia Ho Chi Minh va Vidn Khoa hgc Xa hdi Viet Nam, dugc kidn toan lai va diy manh hon cdng tac nghien cim. Trong nhung nam ddi mdi, thuc td bidn ddi mdt each mau le; do dd cd ngudi cho ring, ly luan ciia chimg ta da khdng theo kip, ly luan da bi lac hau. Nhan dinh nay khdng sai. Trong tinh hinh trong nudc va thd gidi bidn ddng nhanh chdng nhu vay ma ly luan khdng bi lae hau so vdi thuc td thi dd mdi la didu la. Nhan dinh ly luan lac hau vdi cudc sdng thuc ra la da dugc Dang ta thay rd ngay tir Dai hdi dai bidu toan qudc lan thir V (nam 1981). Chinh thuc td la ngudn sdng ciia ly luan; ly luan la nhirng van dd duge due not tir sir van ddng ciia thuc tidn. Ly luan soi dudng cho thuc tidn, thuc tidn kiem nghidm cho nhimg van dd ly luan va tao chat dd due nit ly luan. Dd la ca mdt qua trinh cd quan he khang kbit nhan - qua. Nhung kdt qua dd thay nhat trong nhung nam ddi mdi trdn phuong didn nay la; - Xac dinh va tridn khai hang loat cac chuong trinh, du an, dd tai khoa hgc ly luan. Dd la eae chuong trinh khoa hge cap nha nudc, Uong dd dac bidt la Chuong trinh khoa hgc cap nha nudc giai doan 1991 - 1995 "Nghidn cim Hd Chi Minh", ma sd KX.02 (do Vidn Nghidn cuu chil nghia Mac - Ldnin va Ur Urdng Hd Chi Minh chil tri) va Chuong trinh nghidn cim nhirng vin dd ly luan chinh tri giai doan 2006 - 2010, ma sd KX.04/06-10 (do Hdi ddng Ly luan Trung uong chii tri). Dd la Thdng bao Ket luan sd lOl-TBAFW ngay 26-3-2003 cua Bd Chinh tri Trung uong Dang Khda IX, chii tmong tidn hanh tdng kdt mdt so van dd ly luan - thuc tien qua 20 nam ddi mdi d nudc ta. Theo dd, Bd Chinh tri ra Quyet dinh sd 72-QD/rW ngay 28- 4-2003 thanh lap Ban Chi dao tdng kdt; Ban Bi thu ra Chi thi sd 24-CT/TW ngay 12-5-2003 vd van dd nay; Quydt dinh sd 02-BCDTK ngay 28- 5-2003 ciia Ban Chi dao vd thanh lap Td Bidn tap tdng kdt; Thdng bao ciia Bd Chinh tri, sd 189-TB/TW ngay 10-8-2005 vd vide cdng bd Bao cao tdng kdt 20 nam ddi mdi' va nhidu dd tai cac cap khac nghidn cim nhiong van dd ly luan chinh tri. Nhimg ket qua dd da ddng gdp tich cue vao vide lam luan cir khoa hgc-thuc tidn cho qua trinh hoach dinh dudng Idi ciia Dang, chinh sach, phap luat ciia Nha nudc. Dac biet, Uong thdi gian tidn tdi Dai hdi dai bidu toan qudc lan thir XI ciia Dang (diu thang 1 -2011), cdng tac nghidn cim ly luan da va dang dugc trien khai va ddng gdp mdt loat van dd vd bd sung, phat tridn Cuong linh xdy dimg ddt nudc trong thdi ky qud do lin chu nghia xd hdi (Cuong ITnh 1991); Chien lugc phat tridn kinh td-xa hdi 2011 - 2020; nhirng van de phat tridn dit nudc se dugc thd hidn Uong cac van kidn ciia Dai hdi XI. - Nghidn cim, khao sat thuc td, tdng kdt thuc tidn, not ra nhimg van de ly luan, giai dap nhung van dd birc xuc ciia dat nudc dat ra. Cd thd kd ra la; van de dang vidn lam kinh td tu nhan; van dd kinh td thi tmdng dinh hudng xa hdi chil nghTa; van dd sd hiru; van dd nha nudc phap quydn xa hdi chii nghTa ciia dan. do dan, vi dan dudi sir lanh dao ciia Dang; van dd quan he ddi ngoai Uong didu kidn md cira, toan ciu hoa va hdi nhap qudc td, v.v. Nhung vin dd dd da duge due not qua nghidn cim, khao sat thuc te, tdng kdt thuc tidn. Ndi mdt TAP CHi UCH SLF DANG - S(!) 1/2010 43 OANG LANH DAO CONG cuOc D6I MOI each khac, neu khdng cd su nghidn cim, khao sat thuc td, tdng kdt thuc tien dd thi klidng thd cd nhimg kdt luan mdi trong cac van kien eiia Dang Cdng san Viet Nam trong nhung nam ddi mdi, vi nhimg van dd dd khd cd thd tim thay Ur sir chi din cu thd Uong chii nghia Mac - Lenin va tu tudng Hd Chi Minh. - Ddi ngii can bd nghidn cim ly luan da dugc Dang ta chii y xay dung dd trd thanh mdt ddi ngii ngay cang dugc nang eao vd mat tri thirc va tu duy sang tao, cd pham chat dao dire tdt. Cdng tac dao tao, bdi dudng can bd ly luan chinh tri da dugc quan tam chu y hon. Ddi sdng vat chat, tinh than, dieu kidn lam vide ciia ddi ngu nghidn cim ly luan, dac bidt la ddi ngii giang vidn eac mdn ly luan Mac - Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh trong ca nudc da dugc Dang quan tam. Trdn day la mdt sd thanh tim co ban ciia cdng tac nghidn cim ly luan ciia Dang trong gan 25 nam dat nude tien hanh ddi mdi. Song, ndi nhu vay khdng cd nghTa la birc tranh chi toan mau hdng. Nhung ban chd cua cdng tac dd van cdn khdng it. Van cdn nhieu van dd ly luan ciia each mang Viet Nam chua dugc lam sang td, do dd chirc trach soi dudng ciia ly luan dang cdn bj ban chd. Tinh hinh dd dat ra cho Dang ta phai td chirc nghidn cim sau sac hon chil nghTa Mac - Ldnin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, cd nhu thd mdi thuc day nhanh hon, tdt hon sir nghidp ddi mdi dat nudc vi muc tidu cua chil nghTa xa hdi. 2. Mot so kinh nghiem chii yeu Tir nhiing kdt qua ciia gan 25 nam ddi mdi Uong ITnh vuc nghidn cim ly luan cua Dang, ed thd riit ra mdt sd kinh nghidm sau day; Kien ti-l chu nghia Mdc - Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh nhimg khdng gido diiu md cdn vdn dung sdng tgo vd phdt trien trong diiu kien mdi Kinh nghiem cho thay rang, can phdng va chdng ca hai sir lech lac; ca giao dieu, ca xa rdi nhimg nguydn ly co ban cua chii nghTa Mac - Ldnin, tu Urdng Hd Chi Minh. Giao didu la con dudng chdt Uong boat ddng ciia dang chinh tri. Dang Cdng san Viet Nam ciing da tra gia cho mdt sd sai lam giao didu Uong lich sir boat ddng ciia minh, rd nhat la trong tidn hanh each mang mdng dat. Ban than nhimg nha sang lap chii nghTa cdng san khoa hgc - C.Mac, Ph. Angghen, V.I.Ldnin, va ca Hd Chi Minh - ddu rat nhan manh den vide van dung sang tao nhung van dd ly luan vao didu kien thue td timg Iiic, hong noi. Sir sup do ciia he thdng xa hdi ehii nghTa, sir tan ra ciia Dang Cdng san Lidn Xd va mdt sd dang cdng san cam quydn trong nhirng nam cudi thd ky XX cd nguydn nhan sau xa tir sir giao didu ciia cac dang dd. Thanh cdng ciia Dang Cdng san Viet Nam trong nhung nam ddi mdi cd nguyen nhan la khdng giao didu Uong vide van dung sang tao va phat tridn ehu nghTa Mac - Ldnin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh. Nhung trong van dung sang tao va phat tridn chii nghTa Mac - Ldnin, Ur Urdng Hd Chi Minh nhu thd nao dd ma di den phii nhan nhung nguyen ly co ban, nhung gia tri dung dan cua ly luan va Ur Urdng dd thi ciing se dan den that bai ciia each mang. Thue td qua trinh nghien cim ly luan ciia Dang ta trong nhiing nam qua cho thay rat rd van de nay. Chimg ta mudn cd ca hai; ea khdng giao didu, ca sang tao va phat 44 TAP CHi UCH SU' DANG - S6 1/2010 DANG LANH DAO CONG cuoc D6\ m\ tridn ly luan Mac - Ldnin, Ur Urdng Hd Chi Minh. Chinh nhu thd mdi che dinh cai khd khan cua ban than cdng tac ly luan. Con dudng phia tmdc cua cdng tac nghidn cim ly luan ciia Dang Cdng san Viet Nam vin cdn nhung khd khan dd ma Dang cin lanh dao vugt qua. Chu trgng dgc biet nghiin cdu, khdo sdt thuc ti, tdng kit thuc tiin di due riit nhung vdn di ly ludn Thuc td gan 25 nam qua da dat ra rit nhieu van de can cd Idi giai dap tir Dang Cdng san Viet Nam. Cung cd thd tim thiy Idi giai dap trong kho tang ly luan Mac - Lenin. Ur tudng Hd Chi Minh. Nhung, thuc ra nhiing van dd ly luan trong kho tang dd chii ydu la nhiing van dd cd tinh chat phuong phap luan. Chinh ban than cac vj sang lap chil nghTa cdng san khoa hgc ciing khdng it lan dan lai hau thd rang, chii nghTa xa hdi la thuc td ciia hang tridu tridu ngudi khi hg bat tay vao hanh ddng. Khdng cd mdt md hinh dung san, khdng cd cdng thirc nao nhu mdt chide diia than hd vung Idn la mgi vide se nhu y mudn. Mgi vide, chi cd kdt hgp ly luan- thuc tidn mdi giai quydt dugc van dd. Thuc tidn eiia dat nudc Viet Nam va ciia the gidi trong may chuc nam qua cd nhung bidn ddng khd ludng; cd nhiing sir bidn ma khdng cd mdt bd dc trac viet nao ed thd du kidn mdt each chinh xac dugc. Kinh nghidm cho thay rang, nhung dgt nghien ciiu, khao sat, tdng kdt thue tidn da giup Dang ta giai quydt dugc nhidu van dd cd tinh chit ly luan ve xay dung Dang cam quydn trong didu kidn mdi dd giu vimg ban chat ciia Dang, vira lam cho Dang thich hgp vdi kinh td thi tmdng dinh hudng xa hdi chii nghTa, phii hgp vdi toan cau hoa, hdi nhap qudc td; vd phat tridn ndn kinh te; vd giai quydt mdi quan he giiia ddi mdi kinh td vdi ddi mdi vd chinh tri; vd tang tmdng kinh td gan lien vdi giai quydt tdt nhung van dd an sinh xa hdi; vd phat tridn kinh td-xa hdi vdi bao dam an ninh-qude phdng; va ndi chung la vd phat trien ben viing; vd xac dinh phat tridn kinh td la nhidm vu tmng tam, xay dung Dang la nhidm via then chdt, v.v. Thudng la Dang ta tim dugc dap sd cho qua trinh phat tridn ciia dat nudc trong nhimg nam ddi mdi vira qua tir tdng kdt thuc tidn, vi su nghidp ddi mdi eiia nudc ta do Dang ta khdi xudng va lanh dao chua cd tien Id trdn thd gidi. Trung Qudc la mdt nudc lang gidng cd nhidu didm, nhidu didu kidn gidng nudc ta, song khdng phai la cd thd rap khudn tir kinh nghidm ciia Tmng Qudc. Do vay, can chu trgng tidp hoc nghien cim ly luan tir nghidn cuu, khao sat thuc td, tdng kdt thuc tidn. Dd la mdt kinh nghidm quy qua gan 25 nam Dang Cdng san Viet Nam lanh dao tien hanh cdng cudc ddi mdi. Chu trgng xdy dung ddi ngii cdn bd nghiin cim ly ludn Sir nghidn ciru gan vdi tu duy ciia bd dc con ngudi. Con ngudi la sir tdng hoa ciia tat ca yeu td dd thuc day su phat tridn ciia tir nhidn va xa hdi. Ly luan Mac - Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh chinh la ly luan vd giai phdng con ngudi khdi mgi sir ap chd ciia Ur nhidn va ap birc ciia xa hdi, de giai phdng Ur duy, dd con ngudi phat trien toan didn, con TAP CHi LICH SIJ DANG - S6 1/2010 45 DANG LANH DAO CONG CUOC OOl MOI ngudi -voron tdi cai tat yeu cua tu do. Kinh nghiem thuc te cua gan 25 nam ddi mdi cho chimg ta thay nhiing didm chu ydu sau day: - Giai phdng tu tuong cho nhimg ngudi lam cdng tac nghien curu ly luan. Dd la tu do tu tuong. Cd tu do mdi cc sang tao. Lao ddng khoa hgc ly luan la lao ddng sang tao. Tu do la sir nhan thirc va hanh ddng theo cai tat yeu. Su tu do dd gan/di lien vdi trach nhidm cdng dan. la ldng >-eu nude, y thirc xay dung. Van dd tu do tu tudng van cdn nhidu dieu de ban. Song, tir thuc td nhiing nam qua. neu khdng cd tu do tu tudng thi chiing ta khdng thd dua ra nhirng ket luan \d ly luan chinh trj ma trudc day khdng thd chap nhan dugc. chang ban: cho phep dang vien lam kinh td tu nhan; thuc thi ndn kinh td thi trudng dinh hudng xa hdi chii nghTa; xay dung nha nudc phap quydn. \'.v. Cd giai phdng tu tudng cho nhimg ngudi nghidn cim ly luan thi mdi tang dugc chat lugng phan bien xa hdi. didu nay dac bidt quy trong chd do mdt dang. - Huy ddng sire manh tdng hgp ciia dat nudc. phdi hgp cae nganh. eac cap td chirc tdt nghidn cim. khao sat thuc td. tdng kdt thuc tien. Nhimg van dd thuc td thudng didn ra d cac dia phuong. do vay vai trd phdi hgp cua cac dia phuong la rat quan trgng. Sir phdi hgp nay lam sao dd cd mdt "hidn tmdng" thuc ma trdn dd sir that phoi bay ra cho ngudi nghien cim. tranh dugc su che giau. bi bidn dang, nhieu thdng tin. Ngudi nghien cim can su that, ho dd mdi tidn hanh nghien cim cd ket qua tdt. Cdng tac phdi hgp td chirc. do vay. phai dugc coi trong dac bidt. - Chil Ugng tao mgi didu kidn vat chat va tinh than thuan lgi cho ddi ngii can bd nghien cim lao ddng sang tao. Chuydn thudng ngay ciia ngudi can bd nghidn cim khoa hgc d day, ngoai mdi tmdng. ngoai eo chd. cdn cd "com ao gao tien". Dimg mac cam vdi didu nay. Dang da cham lo. nhung can cham lo hon niia. - Chil trgng kidn toan, sap xdp td chirc cac CO quan nghidn cim ly luan. dae bidt la Hdi ddng Ly luan Tmng uong. Hgc vidn Chinh trj-Hanh chinh qudc gia Hd Chi Minh, Vidn Khoa hgc Xa hdi Viet Nam. Tmng uong phai manh dan "dat hang" eho cac td chirc nay, hudng cac td chirc nay nghien cim nhting van dd thidt thuc phuc vu cho sir phat tridn cua dat nudc. cho vide hoach dinh quan didm. dudng Idi ciia Dang, chinh sach. phap luat cua Nha nude. Trong dd, ehii trgng dac bidt den eae don vi true tidp nghien cim chu nghTa Mac - Ldnin. tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, td chirc cac don xi nay thanh cac td chirc cap qudc gia. Dang Cdng san Viet Nam da Uai qua chang dudng 80 nam ma tren dd Dang timg bude tmdng thanh vd mat ly luan. Dang da diic riit dugc hj di san ly luan Mac - Ldnin. ur Urdng Hd Chi Minh va tir thuc td. nhiing tinh tuy ket thanh ly luan. Ly luan dd la ly luan soi dudng cho phat trien cua Viet Nam Udn con dudng xa hdi ehii nghia. I. Xin xem Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Bdo cdo long ket mgt so vdn de ly ludn-thitc den qua 20 nam doi mdi f 1986-2006). CTQG. H, 2005. 46 TAP CHi LICH SLT DANG - S6 1/2010 . LY LUAN • CUA DANG TRONG THai KY 001 MOI thanh taa vo kinh nghiem GS,TS MACH QUANG THANG* L Mot so thanh tun co ban trong cong tac ly luan . Mdc - Lenin. Sir nghidp ddi mdi dat nude didn ra trong bdi canh rat dac bidt. Tat ca cac nudc trong he thdng xa hdi chii nghTa, khdng trir mdt nudc