[...]... carefully carved animal tusks to simulate the shape, form, and hue of natural teeth for use as pontics (Fig 1-1) The Central and South American Mayas (approximately 1000 AD) beautified themselves by filing the incisal edges of their anterior teeth into various shapes and designs (Figs 1-2 and 1-3) They also placed plugs of iron pyrites, obsidian, and jade into the labial surfaces of the maxillary anterior... specimen dating to approximately 1000 AD showing multiple inlays and turquoise restorations ( Courtesy Museo Nacional de Antropologia, Mexico City.) Fig 1-5 Photograph taken in 1987 showing traditional filing of the maxillary anterior teeth designed to beautify Polynesian brides Fig 1-6 Ticuana tribal tooth mutilation (From Ring ME: Dentistry: an illustrated history, New York, 1985, Harry N Abrams ) and. .. This practice was common among both sexes, and tooth mutilation is still practiced in some societies (Figs 1-5 and 1-6) During the Roman Empire dental cosmetic treatment was available only to the affluent classes Oral hygiene was practiced primarily by women for reasons of beauty rather than dental health Mouthwashes, dentifrices, and toothpicks were common in Roman boudoirs, Fig 1-2 Ancient painting... great satisfaction to most of the nobility and gentry for above these twenty years it, at one using, makes the teeth as white as ivory, and never black or yellow." CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION TO ESTHETICS Fig 1-7 Colonial United States advertisement that appeared in the Pennsylvania Chronicle and Universal Advocate on November 5, 1767, selling "artificial teeth, so as to escape discernment." Fig 1-8 Paul... only medications for toothache but also prescriptions for toothpowder "to make teeth white" and "attend to your teeth and preserve your health and beauty." They claimed their toothpowder "[prepared] and [fixed] real enameled teeth, the best contrivance yet to substitute the loss of natural ones" (Figs 1-7 and 1-8) Transplantation of teeth between patients was practiced, with donors being paid for their... more esthetic material than the gold, lead, tin, and platinum in use in the late nineteenth century One option was "Hill's Stopping," a mixture of bleached gutta-percha, carbonates of lime and quartz, plastic, bone, and fused glass Porcelain was another option in restorative material By 1897 a relatively modern composition of silicate cement was developed It consisted of powdered aluminum and zinc oxide... 1938, when the American Dental Association (ADA) published its definitive specification of acceptability known as "ADA Specification No 9." This was the first cosmetic dental material to be accepted by the ADA However, newer and more exciting innovations were about to arrive In the 1930s chemically activated acrylic resins were developed In the 1940s acrylic-veneer facings came into widespread use By the... fabricated with a gingival component made of carved ivory or animal bone that was designed for adaptation to ivory or bone bases (Fig 1-10) These denture bases were common until the 1850s, when various alternative materials were introduced to afford more esthetic results The technique of mounting artificial teeth on gold or platinum fused with a continuous pink gingival body made of porcelain was patented... PRINCIPLES OF ESTHETICS nineteenth century "Auroplasty;" colored gutta-percha; "parkesine," a celluloid-like material; "cheoplasty," an alloy of tin, silver, and bismuth; "rose pearl;" collodion; pink hecolite; and even tortoise shells were used for esthetic effect in dentistry Vulcanite was the first universally acceptable denture material Patented by Nelson Goodear in 1851, it was made by heating caoutchouc... are attached to the remaining canines with wires (From Ring ME: Dentistry: an illustrated history, New York, 1985, Harry N Abrams.) "Thy teeth are like a flock of well-selected sheep, which are come up from the washing, all of which bear twins, and there is not one among them that is deprived of her young " Both the Phoenicians (approximately 800 BC) and Etruscans (approximately 900 BC) carefully carved . Den- tal Studios; the late Jack Karp, Beth Karp, and Arthur Saltzman at Americus Dental Labs; Zwe Padeh at Studio 46; and Steven Pigliacelli and Eva Pop. delineate appropri- ate armamentarium and include specific procedural nu- ances and numerous highlighted Clinical Tips. This facilitates a sound clinical approach.