READING BOOK ENGLISH FOR BIOTECHNOLOGIST FACULTY OF BIOTECHNOLOGY HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY Collected by Nguyen Van Dao, PhD HANOI, 2010 Unit The Benefits of Chlorophyll What is Chlorophyll? Chlorophyll is known to be "the plant's blood," that is, the principal element in the physiology of plant life Chlorophyll is a substance that is rich in magnesium whose form is similar to that of hemoglobin The only difference between chlorophyll molecule and that of blood, is a central atom which is iron in blood and magnesium in chlorophyll According to experts , this similarity causes the body to have the capability of transforming a chlorophyll molecule into one of hemoglobin by changing just one atom of magnesium into one of iron Chlorophyll is the substance in the plant that makes it green Adding green leafy vegetables to one's diet helps add chlorophyll This green substance is full of important, healing nutrients that revive the body with oxygen for optimum health When taking chlorophyll into our bodies, our hemoglobin count is elevated and as a result, our circulation improves and we have more energy It also enriches the blood with special nutrients that build iron What is Chlorophyll Good For? Besides what is mentioned above, chlorophyll helps increase heart function, improves the vascular system, cleanses the liver of heavy metals and chemical toxins, cleanses and improves the health of the intestines, uterus, and lungs It is also a natural breath freshener and body deodorizer For people who really want to cleanse their bodies of impurities, adding chlorophyll is a great way to go From liver and colon cleanses, to blood and circulation improvement, chlorophyll in the diet will bring vast improvements If elimination issues are plaguing you, adding chlorophyll to your diet will help solve your problem How you take Chlorophyll? Chlorophyll is found in all sorts of delicious green vegetables like: alfalfa, broccoli, spinach, Swiss chard, Brussels sprouts, beet greens, green peppers, kale, leeks, turnip greens and etc Also, when consuming raw, fresh and “living” foods, you get more chlorophyll Truly, once you feel and even see the differences in your complexion and in your general body health, you will be impressed and convinced If you know your body is very deprived of chlorophyll and want extra help in terms of a supplement, go by your health food store and purchase a chlorophyll product Take one a day or as directed by your naturopath and experience the incredible results for yourself Read more: http://www.brighthub.com/health/dietnutrition/articles/15698.aspx#ixzz0lpizWGqK Unit Panax Ginseng Health Benefits and Information Panax ginseng is a member of the Araliaceae family of plants, which includes the closely related American ginseng and less similar Siberian ginseng Panax ginseng commonly grows on mountain slopes and is usually harvested in the fall The root of panax ginseng is used preferably from plants older than six years of age Panax ginseng is different from American ginseng and Eleuthero They are not interchangeable Unlike American ginseng and Eleuthero or Siberian Ginseng, panax has been a part of Chinese medicine for thousands of years It is used in connection with many conditions such as cancer, anxiety, colds, flu and for lowering blood levels of sugar and cholesterol, as in type diabetes and high cholesterol Most commonly known as an adaptogen, panax ginseng is currently being used in Asian countries to treat heart conditions and lungs, as well as for an overall health enhancer Panax ginseng has been known to have a relaxing effect on the muscles in the lungs The resulting airway relaxation may help to calm asthma symptoms and other airways constricting lung conditions In some studies a combination of panax ginseng and gingko seemed to increase memory and thinking processes Taking panax ginseng orally may enhance male fertility by increasing sperm count, quality, and movement, as it activates the body system that increases production of certain hormones To increase athletic performance, panax ginseng is often added to sports drinks or supplements It has, however, not been proven effective for this use Also used for women, it is supposed that panax ginseng can cause an effect similar to that of estrogen, by stimulating hormone production and related chemicals In some laboratory studies, panax ginseng increased the production of breast cancer cells It is possible that this is achieved by activating estrogen receptors Panax ginseng may increase blood levels of substances that the body converts into estrogen according to some studies More studies are being performed to verify the hormonal effects of panax ginseng Dosage and Administration……………………………………………… Panax ginseng may be taken by mouth or applied topically It can be applied directly to the penis in treatment for erectile dysfunction in men It is available in capsules, dried root powder, fresh root, liquid extracts, and teas Usually it is standardized to contain of the active ingredients known as ginsenosides The amounts of active chemicals in panax ginseng vary greatly according to how the plants are grown, harvested, processed, and stored Panax ginseng products may be extended with other types of ginseng that are less expensive to produce…………………………………………………………………… Recommended daily dose of oral Panax ginseng is: • Fresh Root - 500 mg to 3000 mg (0.5 -3 grams) • Dried root powder capsules - 200 mg to 600 mg Tea may be made by soaking chopped fresh root or 1500 mg (1.5 grams) of dried root powder in about ounces of boiling water for 10 to 15 minutes Strain to remove solid particles You may wish to sweeten the tea or flavor it with other herbs to make it more enjoyable…………………………… It is encouraged to discontinue use after months for a period of 2-3 weeks if using panax ginseng continuously It is always best to follow the directions on the package Unit How much should you drink every day? Water is essential to good health, yet needs vary by individual These guidelines can help ensure you drink enough fluids By Mayo Clinic staff How much water should you drink each day? A simple question with no easy answers Studies have produced varying recommendations over the years, but in truth, your water needs depend on many factors, including your health, how active you are and where you live Though no single formula fits everyone, knowing more about your body's need for fluids will help you estimate how much water to drink each day Health benefits of water Water is your body's principal chemical component, making up, on average, 60 percent of your body weight Every system in your body depends on water For example, water flushes toxins out of vital organs, carries nutrients to your cells and provides a moist environment for ear, nose and throat tissues Lack of water can lead to dehydration, a condition that occurs when you don't have enough water in your body to carry out normal functions Even mild dehydration can drain your energy and make you tired How much water you need? Every day you lose water through your breath, perspiration, urine and bowel movements For your body to function properly, you must replenish its water supply by consuming beverages and foods that contain water Several approaches attempt to approximate water needs for the average, healthy adult living in a temperate climate Replacement approach The average urine output for adults is about 1.5 liters (6.3 cups) a day You lose close to an additional liter of water a day through breathing, sweating and bowel movements Food usually accounts for 20 percent of your total fluid intake, so if you consume liters of water or other beverages a day (a little more than cups) along with your normal diet, you will typically replace the lost fluids  Eight 8-ounce glasses of water a day Another approach to water intake is the "8 x rule" — drink eight 8-ounce glasses of water a day (about 1.9 liters) The rule could also be stated, "drink eight 8-ounce glasses of fluid a day," as all fluids count toward the daily total Though the approach isn't supported by scientific evidence, many people use this basic rule as a guideline for how much water and other fluids to drink  Dietary recommendations The Institute of Medicine advises that men consume roughly liters (about 13 cups) of total beverages a day and women consume 2.2 liters (about cups) of total beverages a day  Even apart from the above approaches, if you drink enough fluid so that you rarely feel thirsty and produce 1.5 liters (6.3 cups) or more of colorless or slightly yellow urine a day, your fluid intake is probably adequate You may need to modify your total fluid intake depending on how active you are, the climate you live in, your health status, and if you're pregnant or breast-feeding Exercise If you exercise or engage in any activity that makes you sweat, you need to drink extra water to compensate for the fluid loss An extra 400 to 600 milliliters (about 1.5 to 2.5 cups) of water should suffice for short bouts of exercise, but intense exercise lasting more than an hour (for example, running a marathon) requires more fluid intake How much additional fluid you need depends on how much you sweat during exercise, the duration of your exercise and the type of activity you're engaged in  During long bouts of intense exercise, it's best to use a sports drink that contains sodium, as this will help replace sodium lost in sweat and reduce the chances of developing hyponatremia, which can be life-threatening Also, continue to replace fluids after you're finished exercising Environment Hot or humid weather can make you sweat and requires additional intake of fluid Heated indoor air also can cause your skin to lose moisture during wintertime Further, altitudes greater than 8,200 feet (2,500 meters) may  trigger increased urination and more rapid breathing, which use up more of your fluid reserves Illnesses or health conditions Signs of illnesses, such as fever, vomiting and diarrhea, cause your body to lose additional fluids In these cases you should drink more water and may even need oral rehydration solutions, such as Gatorade, Powerade or CeraLyte Also, you may need increased fluid intake if you develop certain conditions, including bladder infections or urinary tract stones On the other hand, some conditions such as heart failure and some types of kidney, liver and adrenal diseases may impair excretion of water and even require that you limit your fluid intake  Pregnancy or breast-feeding Women who are expecting or breast-feeding need additional fluids to stay hydrated Large amounts of fluid are used especially when nursing The Institute of Medicine recommends that pregnant women drink 2.3 liters (about 10 cups) of fluids daily and women who breast-feed consume 3.1 liters (about 13 cups) of fluids a day  Beyond the tap: Other sources of water Although it's a great idea to keep water within reach at all times, you don't need to rely only on what you drink to satisfy your fluid needs What you eat also provides a significant portion of your fluid needs On average, food provides about 20 percent of total water intake, while the remaining 80 percent comes from water and beverages of all kinds For example, many fruits and vegetables, such as watermelon and tomatoes, are 90 percent to 100 percent water by weight Beverages such as milk and juice also are composed mostly of water Even beer, wine and caffeinated beverages — such as coffee, tea or soda — can contribute, but these should not be a major portion of your daily total fluid intake Water is one of your best bets because it's calorie-free, inexpensive and readily available Staying safely hydrated It's generally not a good idea to use thirst alone as a guide for when to drink By the time you become thirsty, it's possible to already be slightly dehydrated Further, be aware that as you get older your body is less able to sense dehydration and send your brain signals of thirst Excessive thirst and increased urination can be signs of a more serious medical condition Talk to your doctor if you experience either To ward off dehydration and make sure your body has the fluids it needs, make water your beverage of choice Nearly every healthy adult can consider the following:  Drink a glass of water with each meal and between each meal  Hydrate before, during and after exercise  Substitute sparkling water for alcoholic drinks at social gatherings If you drink water from a bottle, thoroughly clean or replace the bottle often Though uncommon, it is possible to drink too much water When your kidneys are unable to excrete the excess water, the electrolyte (mineral) content of the blood is diluted, resulting in low sodium levels in the blood, a condition called hyponatremia Endurance athletes, such as marathon runners, who drink large amounts of water are at higher risk of hyponatremia In general, though, drinking too much water is rare in healthy adults who consume an average American diet If you're concerned about your fluid intake, check with your doctor or a registered dietitian He or she can help you determine the amount of water that's best for you Unit FUNCTIONAL FOOD Introduction The primary role of diet is to provide sufficient nutrients to meet the nutritional requirements of an individual There is now increasing scientific evidence to support the hypothesis that some foods and food components have beneficial physiological and psychological effects over and above the provision of the basic nutrients Today, nutrition science has moved on from the classical concepts of avoiding nutrient deficiencies and basic nutritional adequacy to the concept of "positive" or "optimal" nutrition The research focus has shifted more to the identification of biologically active components in foods that have the potential to optimise physical and mental well being and which may also reduce the risk of disease Many traditional food products including fruits, vegetables, soya, whole grains and milk have been found to contain components with potential health benefits In addition to these foods, new foods are being developed to enhance or incorporate these beneficial components for their health benefits or desirable physiological effects What are functional foods? The concept of functional foods was born in Japan In the 1980s, health authorities in Japan recognised that an improved quality of life must accompany increasing life expectancy for the expanding number of elderly people in the population if health care costs were to be controlled The concept of foods that were developed specifically to promote health or reduce the risk of disease was introduced Functional foods have not as yet been defined by legislation in Europe Generally, they are considered as those foods which are intended to be consumed as part of the normal diet and that contain biologically active components which offer the potential of enhanced health or reduced risk of disease Examples of functional foods include foods that contain specific minerals, vitamins, fatty acids or dietary fibre, foods with added biologically active substances such as phytochemicals or other antioxidants and probiotics that have live beneficial cultures (see Annex) As interest in this category of foods has grown, new products have appeared and interest has turned to the development of standards and guidelines for the development and promotion of such foods Why we need functional foods? Consumer interest in the relationship between diet and health has increased substantially in Europe There is much greater recognition today that people can help themselves and their families to reduce the risk of illness and disease and to maintain their state of health and well being through a healthy lifestyle, including the diet Ongoing support for the important role of foods such as fruits and vegetables and wholegrain cereals in disease prevention and the latest research on dietary antioxidants and combinations of protective substances in plants has helped to provide the impetus for further developments in the functional food market in Europe Trends in population demographics and socio-economic changes also point to the need for foods with added health benefits An increase in life expectancy, resulting in an increase in the number of elderly and the desire for an improved quality of life, as well as increasing costs of health care, have stimulated governments, researchers, health professionals and the food industry to see how these changes can be managed more effectively There is already a wide range of foods available to today's consumer but now the impetus is to identify those functional foods that have the potential to improve health and well-being, reduce the risk from, or delay the onset of, major diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer and osteoporosis Combined with a healthy lifestyle, functional foods can make a positive contribution to health and well being Conclusion Functional foods offer great potential to improve health and/or help prevent certain diseases when taken as part of a balanced diet and healthy lifestyle The subject of health claims is becoming increasingly important and there is broad consensus that there needs to be a regulatory framework in the EU that will protect consumers, promote fair trade and encourage product innovation in the food industry The research opportunities in nutrition to explore the relationship between a food or a food component and an improved state of health and well-being, or reduction of disease, present the greatest challenge to scientists now and in the future The communication of health benefits to consumers is also of critical importance so that they have the knowledge to make informed choices about the foods they eat and enjoy Bibliography http://www.eufic.org/article/en/page/BARCHIVE/expid/basics-functional-foods/ Unit The Science of Beer Making Today, beer is consumed in vast amounts in this country, and beer making is largely automated as in all mass produced products Despite the sophisticated machinery that is used in brewing beer, it's still essentially the same procedures that have been used for hundreds of years However, beer making has become very sophisticated because of the advances in knowledge that has resulted from advances in science Prior to, and even during the 1800's, there were many who knew how beer could be made, but none knew of the science behind each step It was not until the 19th Centuries that it was realized that during germination, of cereal grains, that enzymes were released that would not break down not only the barley starch and protein into simple sugars and amino acids, but would also the same for other carbohydrates, such as potato, corn and wheat This realization cheapened the cost of making beer since germinated barley is a greater investment than the utilization of potato, corn and wheat It would not be until the 19th Century that it would be known that yeasts were the organisms that actually were responsible for the fermentation process Although the process of fermentation had been used for thousands of years, it was thought to be a magical rather than a material process As a result, many rituals and superstitions developed to direct and control fermentation By the17th Century, it was known that yeast was present during fermentation, but its role was controversial There were two opposing views on this subject One view was that yeast was required for the fermentation process, while the other argued that the process was purely chemical It was not until Louis Pasteur's work, in the 1850's and 1860's, was this argument resolved Pasteur was asked by the distillers of Lille, where the manufacture of of alcohol, from beet sugar, was an important local industry, to determine the problem of lactic acid production in their alcohol Upon examination of the fermentation product under the microscope, Pasteur was able to observe the usual yeast cells, but also noted that there were a large number of smaller rod- and sphereshaped cells When Pasteur placed a small amount of this material in a sugar solution, a vigorous lactic acid fermentation occurred along with the formation of a grayish deposit in the solution which proved to be the rod- and sphere-shaped cells Successive transfers of these cells always resulted in production of lactic acid fermentation and an increase in the number of cells Pasteur argued that the cells were a new "yeast" that specifically converted sugar to lactic acid during its growth It would be years later before it was understood that the new "yeast" were actually bacteria Using a similar method, Pasteur studied a number of organisms and their fermentative processes He was able to show that the different fermentation products produced were invariably accompanied by specific microorganisms This discovery, however, had further significance Just as the different microorganisms caused different fermentation products from sugar, so did different diseases arise as a result of different microorganisms, and that these microorganisms did not arise spontaneously, as once believed, but that each microorganism was derived from preexisting cells of the same type This also led to the concept that by destroying the microorganisms in food products and beverages or by preventing their appearance in sterile products, spoilage could be prevented This concept led to the heat treatment of food products and beverages that we now know as pasteurization In the beginning of beer making, beer was an alcoholic beverage with the flavor of malt and grain It was flat, slightly sweet and would spoil quickly It would not be until the 8th Century, that brewers in central Europe found that the addition of Hops flowers preserved the beer and gave it the slightly bitter taste that made it more palatable However, Hops was not the only bitter additive used Various cultures used other bitters; tannins from Oak and Ash trees were used in Scandinavia; cinnamon in southern Europe and in America sweet fennel, licorice or sassafras was used Nevertheless, by the end of the 15th Century, it was Hops that became the standard bitter and preservative added to beer Only in England was there resistance to the use of Hops, but they, too, accepted it by the end of the 16th Century With the genetic manipulation of yeasts, numerous varietal strains have been bred This, along with modifications in the brewing process has led to different types of beers Those most often seen in North America include: Lager Beers made with yeast that settle on the bottom (Saccharomyces carlsbergensis) of the container used Thus, all the yeast and other material settles on the bottom which results in a clear beer Most American beers are lagers • Pilsner A colorless lager beer originally brewed in the city of Pilsen Water used for this style of beer tend to be harder, with a higher calcium and magnesium content than water used for lager The color of pilsner is also lighter than that of lager beer • Ale Beers made with yeast that floats (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to the top of the brewing vats, resulting in a cloudier beer They tend to have a higher alcohol content than lagers • Stout A very dark, almost black ale The dark color and roasted flavor is derived from the roasted barley, and/or roasted malt Beer historians consider it to be the descendant of the Porter ale • Porter A very dark ale The darker color and special flavor comes from toasting the malt before brewing This usually results in a stronger taste and higher alcohol content Considered by beer historians to have evolved into the Stout ale • Processing Measuring and grinding the barley and specialty grains which in this case for our Sawtooth ale which includes rye, wheat, Munich and caramel malts in addition to the barley The ground grain is fed by an overhead tube and auger system into our mash tun At the point of exit from our auger we mix it with hot (165°) water from the 'hot liquor' tank The 'mashing' process takes about 120 minutes and uses about 600 pounds of crushed grain per 310 gal of brew Manipulating the temperature of a mixture of water and a starch source (known as mash) in order to convert starches to fermentable sugars The mash goes through one or more stages of being raised to a desired temperature and left at the temperature for a period of time During each of these stages, enzymes (alpha and beta amylase primarily) break down the long dextrins that are present in the mash into simpler fermentable sugars, such as glucose The number of stages required in mashing depends on the starch source used to produce the beer Most malted barley used today requires only a single stage 'Sparging': A process of rinsing the malted grain to remove any remaining malt sugars From the French work esparger, "to sprinkle, uses 170° water to rinse out the 10 PERFECT có nghĩa hồn tồn MAKE LOVE ân ái, giao hoan, làm tình MENSTRUAL có kinh GET HOT nứng, động tình, FUCK chơi LIFE LOVER kẻ yêu đời LOQUACIOUS nhiều lời, nói dai BACCALAUREAT tú tài DOCTOR tiến sĩ, học STUDY CONTEMPT cõ nghĩ khinh RESPECT tôn trọng, TO LEAVE rời PROFUSE bời bời EXHAUST mệt đứt hơi, HEAL lành GREEN FIELD cánh đồng xanh HARVEST gặt hái, GUARD canh, FOX chồn SURVIVAL sống DULL cùn SHARP bén WEAR mịn CUP ly Tội nghiệp tơi! 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Ancient cỗ sad sầu pair đôi No profit khơng có lời Capital tư bản, buffalo trâu , ox bò Castle la lầu đài beyond vượt quá, two hai, ten mười spoiled hư, ripe chín fresh tươi chance hội, laugh cười, fast nhanh coast bờ biển, soup canh alive sống, trở thành become clothes quần áo, rice cơm very new mới, broken vỡ Loneliness đơn côi 105 Cause nghĩa đời life century thé kỉ, đẹp nice Control kiểm sốt, drive lái xe Corner góc, cover che Turn right quẹo phải, take care ngó ngàng Anh quốc chữ England Tiếng Anh English, American Hoa Kỳ Island dảo, biển sea Hit la đánh đập, kneel quỳ, stab đâm Method phương pháp, need cần Fence bờ dậu Garden vườn Farmer bác nông dân Carpenter thợ mộc, Mason thợ hồ Hooligan bọn côn đồ Ring nhẩn, enter vào exit ASTRONAUT phi hành gia Saturn hỏa, Moon mặt trăng Shuttle có nghĩa phi thuyền Outer space ngoại tầng khơng gian Force sức, gold vàng Produce sản xuất, region vùng Province tỉnh, xã commune Similar tương tự, column cột nhà Phi châu Africa Cotton vải, tailor thợ may Seperate chia tay Apart ngăn cách, băt tay shake hand Basic bản, Xương bone Attention ý, Careful coi chừng Enloy thưởng thức, stop ngừng Desert đà ngũ, sĩ quan officer Thể dục exercise Experiment thí nghiệm, Kitchen Knife dao dài Thiên nhiên chữ Nature Hurt đau, áp lực Pressure, Rose hồng Seed hạt giống, grow trồng Metal kim loại, field đồng, bắp corn Khơng có None City thành thị , nông thôn rural Compatriot đồng bào Electric điện, a row hàng Kim loại chữ Metal Fire lửa Wood gỗ Equal cân Nguyên thủy Original Simple đơn giản, Hoàn toàn A whole Điều kiện Condition 106 Compound tích lũy, Double gấp đơi Valley thung lũng, Hill đồi Strength sức mạnh, waiter bồi, rượu wine Angle goc, turn quay Industry kỹ nghệ, máy bay airplane Hiểu la Understand Climate khí hậu, Gió Wind, dark mù To ta dịch bigger Glass ly, cup tách, bottle chai, tá dozen Tiếng Đức la chữ German Thi dụ For Instance is Smoke hút thuốc, skin da Smell la ngữi, lunch ăn trưa It rains có nghĩa trời mưa Agree đồng ý, saw cưa, plane bào Âu kim chữ Euro Block ngăn chận, scratch cào, go Khả Ability Agree đồng ý, funny buồn cười Ant kiến Ape đười ươi Sleepy buồn ngủ Personnel người nhân viên Cave hang, battle trận, front tiền Tấn công attack bạn hiền good friend Bộ oc ta dịch brain Thông minh Intelligent, Pot nồi Single đơn, Couple đôi Factory xuởng, fellow bạn bè Lion sư tử Cat mèo Tiger cọp, Climb trèo, nhãy Jump Luận văn composition Crew thủy thủ, cánh buồm sail Save cứu, giúp Help Kill giết chết, theo FOLLOW Social xã giao In charge Phụ trách, Người hầau Servant Feathers lơng, loose mất, exist cịn Individual dịch cá nhân, o¬ne nguo`i Fur lơng thú ape đưịi ươi Monkey khỉ, Mĩm cười smile Slow chậm Fast mau Signal dấu hiệu, sắc màu color Magic ảo thuật, shoe dày Towel khăn tắm, gold mine mõ vàng 107 danger nguy, safe an toàn cook la đầu bếp, coal than, oil dầu fish cá, worm la sâu cua crab, bồ câu pigeon duck vịt, gá chicken duck egg trứ vịt, liver gan cow bò sneeze nhãy mũi cough ho cold la cảm lạnh, creep bò chạy run làm hoãng sợ To frighten Fly bay, dive lặn, pain sơn, fit vừa Plough cày grass cỏ rake bừa Ox bò`, dog chó, sheep lừa, hog heo Goat dê, duck vịt, cat meo Foam bột nước, beo water-fern Guitar đòn Hòa nhạc Concert, to dance nhãy đầm Hair pin trâm Mistake lỗi lầm Give cho Breath thở, cough ho A shell la mot sò, bird chim Blueberry trái sim Melon dưa, Nut hột, Đậu bean, corriane ngò Stoop đứng co ro To Hop nhãy lò cò, note ghi Tự điển DICTIONARY Sử ký HISTORY CONCAVE lõm, CONVEX lồi BAD MAN thằng tồi biết chăng? DETER làm cản ngăn DECIDE định, biết DO YOU KNOW HOW TO làm nào? GET IN HER HEART vào tim em STAY LATE thứ trắng đêm WAKE UP thứ giấc, DESIRE thèm, FULL no SNORE ngáy o o YOUR GIRL FRIEND dịch bồ anh SINCERE HEART lịng chân thành GOODBYE tạm biệt, RESERVE dành, ME PLEASE SIT DOWN xin mơì ngồi SPEAK nói đồi HILL CONSIDERATE biết điều TALKATIVE nói nhiều, WRONG sai NOBODY chẳng có EAT ăn, FAT mập, THIN gầy,`BIG to 108 MRS bà MISS cô Masons construct thợ hồ dựng xây Curse chử rủa, Quarrel gây Carpenter thợ mộc thợ may TAILOR Kéo xe ta dịch tow Surprised bị sững sờ ngạc nhiên Sacred có nghĩa thiêng liêng Function chức vụ, Power quyền, High cao A Watch đồng hồ Minute phút, HOUR giây second Better có nghĩa tốt Worst xấu nhất, to learn học Văn phạm chữ Grammar Slang tiếng lóng, ttư điển dicionary Hóa học Chemistry Vật lý Physic, Văn chương LITERATURE Excercise tập, Lesson Geo địa lý, Nature thiên nhiên Public công Private riêng Meditation thiền far xa of la của, through qua very rất, and great to Tới TO, think nghĩ for cho before la trước no word không lời his nó, move dời To say la nói, đời the life is là, it nó, or hay just vừa, SAY nói what time AS must phải, flag cờ form hình thức cause nguyên nhân a set , by help giúp đỡ line đường o¬n Remeber nhớ forget quên different khác side bên are Them chúng us chúng ta, all tất cả, nhiều many Nghe hear, with với, thấy see air khơng khí, when mean hèn reader độc giả, tay hand out down xuống up lên, use dùng well tốt BUT quẹo qua bên phai right turn sit ngồi your anh, my Take cầm,.get lấy , ghế ngồi chair Be la` will có' have to write viết, spell đánh vần port hải cảng đất land 109 to want la muốn`Silent lặng thinh Mọi thứ everything Truyền Broadcast, truyền hình TV Audience thính giá, Thấy see Khán giả Spectator Sít ngồi Go fishing câu Can about khoảng chừng Water nước forest rừng Also way đướng, lối Part phần, place chổ, cho give Below dưới, here These things nầy Good Point điểm tốt Build xây Cover bìa Multiply nhân, divide chia Square root số, lũ thừa power Con số chữ number Âm sound, voice tiếng, answer trả lời Thought tư tưởng, invite mời City thành phố, country life đời dân quê Chuyen tình Love Story Mọi người ta dịch every person Thi dụ example Seem có vẻ, second thứ hai Right away làm Town thị trấn, lửa fire, pot nồi Certain chắn, BAT mồi science khoa học, đồi hill Overseas Viet Việt kiều Idea ý kiến, clear rõ ràng close đóng, mở open Product sản phẩm, tốt better Không Never Feel cảm thấy, measure đo lường Half nửa, part phần Jungle rừng rú, cruel bạo tàn Misery lầm than Hundred trăm, dozen tá, thousand ngàn, mười ten Giữ khoảng cách Keep distance Rock cục đá, cát sand, salute chào above cao Có lẽ possible, sure Quite thật sự, tiệm store A lot nhiếu lắm, o¬n board lên tàu Gây phiền phức Make trouble Root cội rễ, cause nguyên nhân Save tiết kiệm Ngân hàng Bank Main floor tầng chính, take chances làm liều 110 Chuẩn bị Prepare Atom nguyên tử, the rail đường rầy Imagine tưởng, thick dày Thus óm gầy thin Publish xuất in Print Lạnh cóng Shivering, Keel quỳ ENVELOPE phong bì WHAT DO YOU MAKE làm anh? RICE cơm, MEAT thịt, SOUP canh ORANGE cam, APPLE táo, LEMON chanh, CHICKEN ga` OLD LADY bà già COOK đầu bếp, MAID sen LIKE la thích, JEALOUS ghen GUM lợi TEETH răng, HEAD đầu DECAYED TOOTH bị sâu, DENTIST nha sĩ, thoa dầu RUB OIL ORPHAN la trẻ mồ côi, ALREADY xong rồi, thấy SEE Tự điển DICTIONARY Sử ký HISTORY CONCAVE lõm, CONVEX lồi BAD MAN thằng tồi biết chăng? DETER làm cản ngăn DECIDE địinh, biết DO YOU KNOW? HOW TO biết làm sao? GET IN HER HEART vào tim em STAY LATE thức trắng đêm WAKE UP thức giấc DESIRE thèm FULL no SNORE ngáy o o YOUR GIRL FRIEND dịch bồ anh SINCERE cị nghĩa chân thành GOODBYE tạm biệt, RESERVE dành, ME PLEASE SIT DOWN mời ngồi SPEAK nói dồi HILL CONSIDERATE biết điều TALKATIVE nói nhiều WRONG sai NOBODY chẳ có EAT ăn, FAT mập THIN gầy BIG to MRS.bà cịn MISS Masons construct thợ hồ dựng xạy DISCIPLE trò MASTER thầy Carpenter thợ mộc, thợ may TAILOR CIGARETTE thuốc, ASH tro Surprise sửng sờ ngạc nhiên Sacred thiêng liêng Function chức vụ Power quyền High cao 111 A Watch đồng hồ Minute phút, HOUR, giây Second Better có nghĩa tốt Worst xấu nhất, To Learn học Văn phạm chữ Grammar Slang tiếng lóng, Kich hài Comedy Hóa học Chemistry Vật lý Physic, STUDY học Right Wrong sai Geo địa lý, Nature thiên nhiên WONDERFUL diệu huyền Meditatie tham thiền, Far xa Of của, through qua very and Great to Tới to, Think nghĩ For cho Before trước no word không lời` His nó, move dời To say la nói, đời life Is It Or hay Just vừa Say nói What time As như, must phải, big to Form hình thức cause nguyên nhân A set bộ, by Help giúp đỡ, Line đường o¬n Remember nhớ, forget quên Different khác should nên court tịa Them Us All tất cả, nhiều many Nghe hear, with với, thấy see Air la khơng khí, When mean hèn Port hải cảng, đất land Out down xuống up len, use dùng Well tốt but Quẹo qua bên phả right turn sit ngồ Your anh, my Take cầm,.get lấy , ghế ngồi chair Be will sẽ, bamboo tre To write la viết, spell đánh vần Poet thi nhân To want muốn Vision tầm nhìn Mọi thứ everything Truyền Broadcast, chứng minh PROVE Quá nhiều ta dùng chữ too And và, with với, tăng grow much nhiều Talk about nói after sau, again lại, air, round tròn 112 Survival sống Hòa thuận get along, laugh cười Also cũng, person người A, an một, tức thời right away Một ngày ta dịch o¬ne day Another cá khác, any Are, is gốc to be Là, thì, bị tùy nghi ma dùng Around có nghĩa khoảng chừng As như, At ở, But nhưng, Because Back trở lại, go Before trước When khi, Do làm Below dưới, Above Between giữa, Than, Gift q Both có nghĩa hai Different khác, even ngay, line đường Past qua, next kến, smog sương Number số, mirror gương, money tiền Old già, young trẻ, fairy tiên LOOSE thua WIN thắng EVEN huề Excercise tập, Lesson Geo địa lý, Nature thiên nhiên Wonderful diệu huyền said nói, Chain xiềng Numb tê Hear nghe, smell ngữi, nói Say Voice la tiếng nói, something Light anh sang sound am Study la học nghĩ think teacher thầy Punch đấm, đánh fight Push xô, kick đá, scratch tray swell sưng Đi săn ta dịch Hunt Đạn: shell, Bắn: shoot, Forest: rừng, Tree Pleasant vui thich, trốn hide Support chống đỡ Đánh strike, climb trèo A tent túp lều Up hill lên dốc, down hill xuống đường Lovely có nghĩa dễ thương Pretty xinh đẹp thường thường so so Lotto chơi lô tô Nấu ăn cook , wash clothes giặt đồ Push có nghĩa đẩy, xơ Marriage đám cưới, single độc thân Foot có nghĩa bàn chân Far xa cách cịn gần near Spoon có nghĩa thìa 113 Tốn trừ subtract, tốn chia divide Dream có nghĩa giấc mơ Month tháng , thời time Job có nghĩa việc làm Lady phái nữ, phái nam gentleman Close friend có nghĩa bạn thân Leaf lá, sun mặt trời Fall down có nghĩa rơi Welcome chào đón, mời invite Short ngắn, long dài Mũ hat, hài shoe Autumn có nghĩa mùa thu Summer mùa hạ , tù jail Duck vịt , pig heo Rich giàu có, cịn nghèo poor Crab có nghĩa cua Church nhà thờ đó, cịn chùa temple Aunt có nghĩa dì, Chair ghế, hồ pool Late muộn, sớm soon Hospital bệnh viện, school trường Dew có nghĩa sương Happy vui vẻ, chán chường weary Exam có nghĩa kỳ thi Nervous nhút nhát, mommy mẹ hiền Region có nghĩa miền, Interupted gián đoạn liền next to Coins dùng đồng xu, Còn đồng tiền giấy paper money Here dùng để đây, A moment lát ringht now, Brothers-in-law đồng hao Farm-work đồng áng, đồng bào Fellow- countryman Narrow- minded nhỏ nhen, Open-hended hào phóng cịn hèn mean Vẫn cịn dùng chữ still, Kỹ chữ skill khó gì! Gold vàng, graphite than chì Munia tên gọi chim ri Kestrel chim cắt có khó đâu Migrant kite diều hâu Warbler chim chích, hải âu petrel Stupid có nghĩa khờ, Đảo lên đảo xuống, stir nhiều nhiều How many có nghĩa Too much nhiều quá, a few vài Right đúng, wrong sai 114 Chess cờ tướng, đánh playing card Flower có nghĩa hoa Hair mái tóc, da skin Buổi sáng morning King vua chúa, cịn Queen nữ hồng Wander có nghĩa lang thang Màu đỏ red, màu vàng yellow Yes đúng, khơng no Fast nhanh chóng, slow chậm rì Sleep ngủ, go Weakly ốm yếu healthy mạnh lành White trắng, green xanh Hard chăm chỉ, học hành study Ngọt sweet, kẹo candy Butterfly bướm, o¬ng bee, rose hồng River có nghĩa dịng sơng Wait for có nghĩa ngóng trơng đợi chờ Dirty có nghĩa dơ Bánh mì bread, cịn bơ butter Bác sĩ doctor Y tá nurse, teacher ơng thầy Biscuit bánh quy Can có thể, please vui lịng Winter có nghĩa mùa đơng Iron sắt đồng copper Kẻ giết người killer Cảnh sát police, lawyer luật sư Emigrate di cư Bưu điện post office, thư từ mail Follow có nghĩa theo Shopping mua sắm cịn sale bán hàng Space có nghĩa khơng gian Hàng trăm hundred, hàng ngàn thousand Stupid ngu đần Thông minh smart, equation phương trình Television truyền hình Băng ghi âm tape, chương trình program Hear nghe watch xem Electric điện cịn lamp bóng đèn Praise có nghĩa ngợi khen Crowd đông đúc, lấn chen hustle Capital thủ đô City thành phố, local địa phương Homeland có nghĩa quê hương Field đồng ruộng vườn garden Chốc lát chữ moment Fish cá, chicken gà tơ 115 Naive có nghĩa ngây thơ Poet thi sĩ , writer nhà văn Madman có nghĩa người điên Private có nghĩa riêng Cảm giác chữ feeling Camera máy ảnh hình photo Ở lại dùng chữ stay, Hoa sen lotus, hoa lài jasmine Động vật animal Big to lớn, little nhỏ nhoi Elephant voi Goby cá bống, cá mòi sardine Mỏng mảnh chữ thin Cổ chữ neck, cịn chin cằm Visit có nghĩa viếng thăm Lie down có nghĩa nằm nghỉ ngơi Mouse chuột , bat dơi Separate tách rời, chia Gift có nghĩa q Guest khách chủ nhà landlord Bệnh ung thư cancer Lối exit, enter vào Up lên xuống down Beside bên cạnh, about khoảng chừng Stop có nghĩa ngừng Ocean biển, núi rừng jungle Silly kẻ dại khờ, Khơn ngoan smart, đù đờ dull Cằm Chin có Beard râu Razor dao cạo head đầu da skin Thousand gọi nghìn Billion tỷ look nhìn , Then Love money quý đồng tiền Đầu tý invest, có quyên rightful Windy Rain Storm bão bùng Mid night bán anh hùng hero Come o¬n xin nhào vô No Fear hổng sợ cô ladies Con cò storke fly bay Mây Cloud at blue sky xanh trời Oh! My God ! Ối! Trời Mind you Lưu ý word lời nói say Here and there, Travel du lịch full đầy smart khơn Cô đõn ta dịch alone Anh văn English , buồn sorrow Muốn yêu want to love 116 Oldman ông lão bắt đầu begin Eat ăn learn học look nhìn Easy to forget dễ quên Because bỡi , Dump đần Việt na mese , ngýời nýớc Nam Need to know biết cần thay Since từ before trước now Đèn lamp sách book đêm night sit ngồi Sorry thương xót Me tơi Please don't laugh đừng cười, làm ơn Far Xa,Near gọi gần Wedding lễ cưới,diamond kim cương So cute dễ thương Shopping mua sắm, có sương Foggy Skinny ốm nhách, Fat: phì Fighting: chiến đấu, lỳ Stubborn Cotton ta dịch bơng gịn A well giếng, đường mịn Trail POEM có nghĩa làm thơ, POET Thi Sĩ nên mơ mộng nhiều ONEWAY nghĩa chiều, THE FIELD đồng ruộng, diều KITE Của có nghĩa MINE, TO BITE cắn, TO FIND kiếm tìm TO CARVE xắt mỏng, HEART tim, DRIER máy sấy, đắm chìm TO SINK FEELING cảm giác, nghĩ THINK Print có nghĩa in, dark mờ LETTER có nghĩa thơ, TO LIVE sống, đơn sơ SIMPLE CLOCK đồng hồ, CROWN vương niệm, mã mồ GRAVE KING vua, nói nhảm TO RAVE, BRAVE can đảm, TO PAVE lát đường School nghĩa trường, Lolly kẹo, đường sugar Station trạm Gare nhà ga Fish sauce nước mắm Tomato cá chua Even huề win thắng loose thua Turtle rùa Shark cá mập Crab cua Claw Complete hoàn toàn Fishing câu cá, drill khoan, puncture dùi Leper người cùi Clinic phòng mạch, sần sùi lumpy In danger bị lâm nguy Giải phầu nhỏ sugery 117 No more ta dịch Again làm nữa, bồi hồi Fretty Phô ma ta dịch Cheese Cake bánh ngọt, cịn mì noodle Orange cam, táo apple Jack-fruit trái mít, vegetable rau Custard-apple mãng cầu Prune trái táo tàu, sound âm Lovely có nghĩa dễ thương Pretty xinh đẹp thường thường So So Lotto chơi lô tô Nấu ăn cook , wash clothes giặt đồ Push có nghĩa đẩy, xơ Marriage đám cưới, single độc thân Foot có nghĩa bàn chân Far xa cách gần near Spoon có nghĩa thìa Tốn trừ subtract, tốn chia divide Plough tức cày Week tuần Month tháng, What time 118