Macroeconomic Policy Reforms And Agriculture - Towards Equitable Growth In Zimbabwe ppt

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Macroeconomic Policy Reforms And Agriculture - Towards Equitable Growth In Zimbabwe ppt

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Macroeconomic Policy Reforms and Agriculture Towards Equitable Growth in Zimbabwe Romeo M. Bautista Marcelle Thomas Kay Muir-Leresche Hans Lofgren RESEARCH REPORT 128 INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE WASHINGTON, D.C. &RS\ULJKW,QWHUQDWLRQDO)RRG3ROLF\5HVHDUFK,QVWLWXWH$OOULJKWVUHVHUYHG 6HFWLRQVRIWKLVERRNPD\EHUHSURGXFHGZLWKRXWWKHH[SUHVVSHUPLVVLRQRIEXWZLWK DFNQRZOHGJPHQWWRWKH,QWHUQDWLRQDO)RRG3ROLF\5HVHDUFK,QVWLWXWH 3ULQWHGLQWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVRI$PHULFD ,QWHUQDWLRQDO)RRG3ROLF\5HVHDUFK,QVWLWXWH .6WUHHW1: :DVKLQJWRQ'&86$ 7HOHSKRQH ZZZLISULRUJ /LEUDU\RI&RQJUHVV&DWDORJLQJLQ3XEOLFDWLRQ'DWD 0DFURHFRQRPLFSROLF\UHIRUPVDQGDJULFXOWXUH7RZDUGVHTXLWDEOHJURZWK LQ=LPEDEZH5RPHR0%DXWLVWD>HWDO@ SFP²5HVHDUFKUHSRUW ,QFOXGHVELEOLRJUDSKLFDOUHIHUHQFHV ,6%1DONSDSHU $JULFXOWXUHDQGVWDWH²=LPEDEZH)DUPLQFRPH²=LPEDEZH )RRGVXSSO\²*RYHUQPHQWSROLF\²=LPEDEZH1XWULWLRQ 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