Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
MORPHOLOGY – Chapter 3 – Chapter 3 CHAPTER 3 3 1 Definition. morphology and word information in english linguistic. power point slide bài giảng chi tiết về môn hình hình thái học trong ngôn ngữ anh
TON DUC THANG UNIVERSITY Faculty of Foreign Languages MORPHOLOGY - 001167 Chapter 3: ALLOMORPHS Designed by Lam Quang Tuyet Minh 12/02/22 001167 – Chapter CHAPTER 3.1 Definition of Allomorphs 3.2 Conditioning: Phonological and Morphological 3.3 Types of allomorphs 3.3.1 Additive allomorphs 3.3.2 Replacive allomorphs 3.3.3 Suppletive allomorphs 3.3.4 Zero allomorphs 3.4 Homophones 12/02/22 001167 – Chapter 3.1 DEFINITION OF ALLOMORPHS An allomorph is “any of the different forms of a morpheme.” [Richards, Platt & Weber, 1987:9] e.g long, length morpheme free allomorph {long} 12/02/22 /lɒŋ/ 001167 – Chapter bound allomorph /leŋθ/ 3.1.1 CHARACTERISTICS • Allomorphs of a morpheme have the same meaning, either lexical and grammatical • They are in complementary distribution (CD) 12/02/22 001167 – Chapter 3.2 CONDITIONING Selections of Allomorphs Phonological 12/02/22 Morphological 001167 – Chapter 3.2 CONDITIONING 3.2.1 Phonologically conditioned - When the phonological environment determines which allomorphs is used, the selection of allomorphs is phonologically conditioned - The allomorphs are conditioned by phonetic feature of the preceding sounds 12/02/22 001167 – Chapter 3.2 CONDITIONING 3.2.1 Phonologically conditioned e.g The plural noun morpheme and third person singular present tense morpheme {-s pl}: morphemic forms /iz ~ s ~ z/ /-s/ after the voiceless consonants /p, t, k, f, Ɵ/ cat cats /kæts/ = /kæt/ + /-s/ /-iz/ after the sibilant consonants /s, z, ʃ, ʒ, ʧ, dʒ/ box boxes /boksiz/ = /boks/ + /-iz/ /-z/ after all vowels and other voiced consonants except /z/, / ʒ/ and /dʒ/ arms arms /a:mz/ = /a:m/ + /-z/ 12/02/22 001167 – Chapter 3.2 CONDITIONING 3.2.1 Phonologically conditioned e.g The {-D pt} has morphemic forms /iz ~ s ~ z/{ed pt} = /id ~ t ~ d/ /-id/ after the alveolar oral stop /t, d/ want wanted /wontid/ = /wont/ + /-id/ /-t/ after other voiceless consonant sounds fix fixed /fikst/ = /fiks/ + /-t/ /-d/ after other voiced consonant sounds and vowel sounds show showed /ʃəud/ = /ʃəu/ + /-d/ 12/02/22 001167 – Chapter 3.2 CONDITIONING • The occurrence of one or another of them depends on its phonological environment • This pattern of occurrence is called complementary distribution (CD) 12/02/22 001167 – Chapter 3.2 CONDITIONING 3.2.2 Morphologically Conditioned The selection is conditioned by a particular morpheme forming the context; When we can describe the environment that requires a certain allomorph by identifying specific morphemes 12/02/22 001167 – Chapter 10 3.2 CONDITIONING irregular plural allomorphs foot feet = /fi:t/ + /u i:/ tooth teeth = /ti:Ɵ/ + /u: i:/ irregular third-person singular present-tense allomorphs have has = /hæz/ + /v z/ 12/02/22 001167 – Chapter 11 3.2 CONDITIONING irregular past tense allomorphs find found = /faund/ + /ai au/ ring rang = /ræng/ + /i æ/ irregular past participle allomorphs done = /dʌn / + /u: ʌ/ tell told = /təuld/ + /e əu/ 12/02/22 001167 – Chapter 12 3.3 TYPES OF ALLOMORPHS (1) Additive Consonant change (2) Replacive Vowel change (3) Suppletive (4) Zero 12/02/22 001167 – Chapter 13 3.3.1 ADDITIVE ALLOMORPHS Additive allomorphs: To signify some difference in meaning, something is added to a word e.g played thinking children mother’s 12/02/22 001167 – Chapter 14 3.3.2 REPLACIVE ALLOMORPHS Replacive allomorphs: To signify some difference in meaning, a sound is used to replace another sound in a word e.g drink drank /dræŋk/ = /driŋk/ + /i æ/ build built /bju:lt/ = /bjuld/ + /d t/ 12/02/22 001167 – Chapter 15 3.3.3 SUPPLETIVE ALLOMORPHS Suppletive allomorphs: To signify some difference in meaning, there is a complete change in the shape of a word e.g go => went be => is bad => worse good => best 12/02/22 001167 – Chapter 16 3.3.4 ZERO ALLOMORPHS The zero allomorphs: To signify some difference in meaning, there is no change in the shape of a word e.g hurt – hurt (past simple) sheep – sheep (irregular noun plural) 12/02/22 001167 – Chapter 17 3.4 HOMOPHONES Homophones: words that sound alike but differ in meaning e.g Do you like meet? /mit/ (track meet) Did you like the meat? /mit/ (roast beef) => meet and meat are different morphemes It feels good /-z/ Those frogs /-z/ John’s book /-z/ => the three homophonous /-z/ are different morphemes 12/02/22 001167 – Chapter 18 HOMEWORK Do exercises in: [2]: 21-27 [3]: 158, 173-176 [4]: 73-95 12/02/22 001167 – Chapter 19 .. .CHAPTER 3.1 Definition of Allomorphs 3.2 Conditioning: Phonological and Morphological 3.3 Types of allomorphs 3.3.1 Additive allomorphs 3.3.2 Replacive allomorphs 3.3.3 Suppletive allomorphs. .. 001167 – Chapter 12 3.3 TYPES OF ALLOMORPHS (1) Additive Consonant change (2) Replacive Vowel change (3) Suppletive (4) Zero 12/02/22 001167 – Chapter 13 3.3.1 ADDITIVE ALLOMORPHS Additive allomorphs: ... determines which allomorphs is used, the selection of allomorphs is phonologically conditioned - The allomorphs are conditioned by phonetic feature of the preceding sounds 12/02/22 001167 – Chapter 3.2