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UNIVERSITY Faculty of Foreign Languages Faculty of Foreign Languages Chapter 1 MORPHEMES Designed by Quang Minh MORPHOLOGY 001167 001167 – Chapter. slide power point bài giảng môn hình thái học trong ngôn ngữ anh
TON DUC THANG UNIVERSITY Faculty of Foreign Languages MORPHOLOGY - 001167 Chapter 1: MORPHEMES Designed by Lam Quang Tuyet Minh 12/02/22 001167 – Chapter 1 CHAPTER 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Definition of Morphemes 1.3 Free and Bound Morphemes 1.4 Bases 1.5 Affixes 1.6 Inflectional Affixes 1.7 Derivational Affixes 1.8 Suffixal Homophones 1.9 Noun Feminine Forms 1.10 Noun Diminutive Forms 12/02/22 001167 – Chapter 1.2 DEFINITION Morphology: The study of processes according to which morphemes combine to form words [Stageberg, 2000:83] 12/02/22 001167 – Chapter 1.2 DEFINITION Morphemes: the smallest meaningful unit in a language [Richards, Platt & Weber (1987)] Morphemes: the smallest individually meaningful elements in the utterances of a language [Charles Hockett (1958)] e.g teacher = {teach} + {-er} students = {student} + {-s} 12/02/22 001167 – Chapter 1.3 FREE and BOUND MORPHEMES Morphemes: Free and Bound A free morpheme: the one that can be uttered alone with meaning [Stageberg, 1983: 85] e.g eat, certain, house, happy… A bound morphemes: may occur only when they combine with another morpheme [Jackson, 1980: 53] e.g inter-, -vene, -er, -ly… 12/02/22 001167 – Chapter 1.4 BASES Morphemes: Bases and Affixes A base: part of words that has the principal meaning e.g loveable, annoyance, re-enter, denial, audience 12/02/22 001167 – Chapter 1.4 BASES Free bases: can stand alone as a word when the attached morphemes are removed e.g unbreakable; friendship Bound bases: never occur on its own and can be joined to other bound morphemes e.g sentiment, occur, monogamy 12/02/22 001167 – Chapter 1.5 AFFIXES An affix: a bound morpheme occurring before, within, or after a base PREFIX unhappy, independent, discovery 12/02/22 INFIX geese, men, wrote 001167 – Chapter AFFIX happily, actor, loneliness 1.6 INFLECTIONAL AFFIXES The schema of the Inflectional affixes: {-s pl}: dogs, oxen, mice {-s sg ps}: boy’s, girl’s {-s pl ps}: boys’, girls’ {-s 3d}: vacates, walks {-ING vb}: discussing {-D pt}: chewed, rode {-ER cp}: bolder, nearer {-EST sp}: boldest, nearest 12/02/22 001167 – Chapter 1.6 INFLECTIONAL AFFIXES The characteristics: - Do not change the part of speech - Come last in a word - Go with all stems - Do not pile up 12/02/22 001167 – Chapter 10 1.7 DERIVATIONAL AFFIXES Derivational affixes can change the meaning or the word class of the words/ bases which they are added to e.g unhappy, inconvenient, adornment, failure, lecturer 12/02/22 001167 – Chapter 11 1.8 SUFFIXAL HOMOPHONES Some suffixes, inflectional and derivational, have homophonous forms {-ER} {-ER cp} bigger, fatter, smaller 12/02/22 {-ER n} teacher, worker, fisher 001167 – Chapter {-ER rp} chatter, mutter, patter 12 1.8 SUFFIXAL HOMOPHONES Homophonous forms: {-ING} {-ING vb} sleeping, burning, talking 12/02/22 {-ING nm} meeting, painting, wedding 001167 – Chapter {-ING aj} charming, exciting, interesting 13 1.8 SUFFIXAL HOMOPHONES Homophonous forms: {-D} {-D aj} {-D pp} excited, devoted, interested chosen, given, finished 12/02/22 001167 – Chapter 14 1.8 SUFFIXAL HOMOPHONES Homophonous forms: Homophonous forms: {-ly} {-ly av} {-ly aj} kindly, formally, happily friendly, manly, lovely 12/02/22 001167 – Chapter 15 1.9 NOUN FEMININE FORMS English has a small number of nouns with feminine derivational suffixes SUFFIX 12/02/22 MASCULINE FEMININE -e fiancé fiancée -ette farmer farmerette -ine hero heroine -ess tiger tigress 001167 – Chapter 16 1.10 NOUN DIMINUTIVE FORMS The morphemes convey a meaning of smallest or endearment or both –ie, -i, -y auntie, Willy –ette dinette, towelette –kin, -ikin, kins lambkin, manikin –ling duckling, darling –et circlet –let booklet, starlet 12/02/22 001167 – Chapter 17 HOMEWORK Do the exercises in: • [2]: 16-26, 28-43, 44-58 • [3]: 9, 87-113 • [4]: 1-27, 157-189 • [5]: 62-72 12/02/22 001167 – Chapter 18 ... booklet, starlet 12 /02/22 0 011 67 – Chapter 17 HOMEWORK Do the exercises in: • [2]: 16 -26, 28-43, 44-58 • [3]: 9, 87 -11 3 • [4]: 1- 27, 15 7 -18 9 • [5]: 62-72 12 /02/22 0 011 67 – Chapter 18 .. .CHAPTER 1. 1 Introduction 1. 2 Definition of Morphemes 1. 3 Free and Bound Morphemes 1. 4 Bases 1. 5 Affixes 1. 6 Inflectional Affixes 1. 7 Derivational Affixes 1. 8 Suffixal Homophones 1. 9 Noun... Forms 1. 10 Noun Diminutive Forms 12 /02/22 0 011 67 – Chapter 1. 2 DEFINITION Morphology: The study of processes according to which morphemes combine to form words [Stageberg, 2000:83] 12 /02/22 0 011 67