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IN VITRO FERTILIZATION –
INNOVATIVE CLINICAL AND
LABORATORY ASPECTS
Edited by Shevach Friedler
In Vitro Fertilization – Innovative Clinical and Laboratory Aspects
Edited by Shevach Friedler
Published by InTech
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Copyright © 2012 InTech
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Publishing Process Manager Martina Blecic
Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic
Cover Designer InTech Design Team
First published April, 2012
Printed in Croatia
A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com
In Vitro Fertilization – Innovative Clinical and Laboratory Aspects,
Edited by Shevach Friedler
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-51-0503-9
Contents
Preface IX
Part 1 Innovative Clinical Aspects of IVF 1
Chapter 1 The Role of Low-Dose hCG in
the Late Follicular Phase of Controlled
Ovarian Hyper Stimulation (COH) Protocols 3
Mahnaz Ashrafi and Kiandokht Kiani
Chapter 2 Gene Expression and Premature Progesterone Rise 15
Inge Van Vaerenbergh and
Christophe Blockeel
Chapter 3 The Role of Ultrasound in
the Evaluation of Endometrial Receptivity
Following Assisted Reproductive Treatments 31
Mitko Ivanovski
Part 2 Innovative Laboratory Aspects of
IVF, Present and Future Techniques 69
Chapter 4 Methods for Sperm
Selection for In Vitro Fertilization 71
Nicolás M. Ortega and Pablo Bosch
Chapter 5 Analysis of Permissive and Repressive Chromatin
Markers in In Vitro Fertilized Bovine Embryos Just
After Embryonic Genome Activation 87
Clara Slade Oliveira, Naiara Zoccal Saraiva,
Letícia Zoccolaro Oliveira and Joaquim Mansano Garcia
Chapter 6 Safety in Assisted Reproductive
Technologies: Insights from Gene Expression
Studies During Preimplantation Development 103
Daniela Bebbere, Luisa Bogliolo,
Federica Ariu, Irma Rosati and Sergio Ledda
VI Contents
Chapter 7 Third Millennium Assisted Reproductive
Technologies: The Impact of Oocyte Vitrification 123
P. Boyer, P. Rodrigues, P. Tourame, M. Silva,
M. Barata, J. Perez-Alzaa and M. Gervoise-Boyer
Chapter 8 Preimplantation Genetic Testing:
Current Status and Future Prospects 137
Eduardo C. Lau, Marleen M. Janson, Carl B. Ball,
Mark R. Roesler, Peter VanTuinen, David P. Bick and Estil Y. Strawn
Preface
No doubt that one of the major advancements in the field of medicine in the last
millennium, include the introduction of in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, to
alleviate female and male infertility. Prof. Robert Edwards, the 2010 Nobel laureate in
medicine represents this field. Cambridge physiologist Prof Edwards, now 85, and the
late Patrick Steptoe, a gynecologic surgeon, developed IVF technology in which
oocytes are fertilized outside the body and implanted in the uterine cavity. The
groundbreaking work led to the birth of the world's first test tube baby, Louise Brown,
in 1978. Today this technology has affected the lives of millions of infertile patients.
The pioneering and inspirational work that started in the early '60s led to a
breakthrough that has enhanced the lives of millions of people worldwide resulting in
the birth of more than 3 million babies.
Since then, there was not a dull moment in the advancements and developments in
this field. Mentioning just a few, includes embryo cryopreservation, a technology that
allows preservation of surplus embryos, to be used after the fresh cycle, reducing the
need of the patients to undergo another cycle of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation
and oocyte retrieval, oocyte cryopreservation enabling to revolutionize the field of egg
donation which enables women without fertilizable oocytes to fulfill their wish for
conception and delivery. The introduction of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
revolutionized the treatment possibilities of male infertile patients allowing patients
suffering from severe OTA and even azoospermia, to father a child. Although the field
of ART exists now for more than three decades, in many of its practical aspects there is
no consensus and continuing basic and clinical research relevant to the various aspects
of this field contribute to its improvement.
Presently, the basic routines that IVF-ET treatments are well known to those involved
in the field of reproductive medicine. In this book we present a variety of chapters
expressing new and exciting data relevant to various aspects of this field, indicating
the vast potential of innovations in the variable parts that comprise the puzzle of this
treatment's methodology.
The first chapter relates to new aspects of the treatment protocols used for COH for
IVF, specifically considering the role of low dose hCG in the late follicular phase of
COH protocol. In the following chapter light is shed upon the importance of
X Preface
premature progesterone rise during COH, investigating the endometrial gene
expression affected by it that may lead to impairment of uterine receptivity. The
improvements in the instrumentation and technical ability of the new ultrasound
machinery had a serious impact on the role of ultrasound in the evaluation of uterine
receptivity as well as establishing the new standard of guided embryo transfer. This
will be presented in our third chapter. In our fourth chapter we present a current
update on the variable methods of sperm selection for IVF, including the newest ideas
in this expertise. Current data indicate the importance of the preimplantation
development of embryos, that may affect not only their implantation potential but also
their health during their lifespan. Using in vitro fertilized bovine embryos as a
mammalian model, the fifth chapter presents some histone modifications marks
observed during embryonic genomic activation and how their monitoring can provide
useful information about early embryo development. IVF offers hope to couples and
women who might not otherwise achieve pregnancy, but there are risks which are not
elucidated yet. The sixth chapter presents insights from gene expression studies
during preimpantation development , essential for the evaluation of IVF safety. In our
seventh chapter we present an overview on one of the newest advancement in the
field of IVF. Namely, the introduction of oocyte cryopreservation by vitrification, is a
methodology that may revolutionize the field of oocyte donation and fertility potential
preservation. A concise overview regarding current knowledge of Preimplantation
genetic testing is presented in our last chapter, presenting the current technique of
PGD and PGS as well as and its future prospects using cutting edge genomic
technologies allowing to prevent inherited genetic disorders.
This book is a result of collaborative work of an international group of professionals
dedicated to contribute to the advancement of our knowledge that invested their time
and effort in contributing their chapters. We hope that this book, presenting current
new aspects pertaining to the variable aspects of the steps leading to a more effective
and safer IVF, will have the ability to challenge and satisfy the curiosity of the variable
potential readers seeking to enrich their knowledge in the challenging field of IVF.
Prof. Shevach Friedler
The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv,
Israel
. IN VITRO FERTILIZATION –
INNOVATIVE CLINICAL AND
LABORATORY ASPECTS
Edited by Shevach Friedler
In Vitro Fertilization – Innovative. copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com
In Vitro Fertilization – Innovative Clinical and Laboratory Aspects,
Edited by Shevach Friedler
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