medica, the mandarin orange Citrus reticulata, and the pummelo Citrus grandis At least one offspring is relatively young: the grapefruit apparently originated in the West Indies in the 18th century as a cross between the pummelo and the sweet orange Citron Perhaps the first citrus fruit to reach the Middle East around 700 BCE and the Mediterranean around 300 BCE, citrons are native to the Himalayan foothills They gave their name to the genus, and their name came in turn from their resemblance to the cone of a Mediterranean evergreen cedar (Greek kedros) The several varieties have little juice, but an intensely aromatic rind that can perfume a room — citrons are used in both Asian and Jewish religious ceremonies — and that has long been candied (p 295) In China’s Sichuan province, the rind is made into a hot pickle Flavor Notes in Some Citrus Fruits The chemicals listed in the first five flavor headings are terpenes, which are especially characteristic of citrus fruits and some herbs and spices (p 390) Mandarin, or Tangerine Mandarin oranges were cultivated in ancient India and China at least 3,000 years ago The well-known Japanese type, the satsuma, appeared by the 16th century, and Mediterranean types (“tangerines,” from the Moroccan city of Tangier) in the 19th century Mandarins tend to be relatively small and flat, with a reddish, easily peeled rind and a distinctive, rich aroma that has notes of thyme and Concord grape (thymol, methyl anthranilate) They’re the most cold-hardy of citrus trees, yet the fruits are fairly fragile Satsumas are seedless ... were cultivated in ancient India and China at least 3,000 years ago The well-known Japanese type, the satsuma, appeared by the 16th century, and Mediterranean types (? ??tangerines,” from the Moroccan city of Tangier) in the 19th century.. .The chemicals listed in the first five flavor headings are terpenes, which are especially characteristic of citrus fruits and some herbs and spices (p 390) Mandarin, or Tangerine Mandarin oranges... Tangier) in the 19th century Mandarins tend to be relatively small and flat, with a reddish, easily peeled rind and a distinctive, rich aroma that has notes of thyme and Concord grape (thymol, methyl anthranilate) They’re