UNICEF ANNUAL REPORT 2011 Front cover photo: © UNICEF/NYHQ2011-1245/Riccardo Gangale A woman and two children, silhouetted by the rising sun, wait to register for aid in an area for new arrivals at Dadaab’s Ifo camp for Somali refugees in North Eastern Province, Kenya, near the Kenya-Somalia border. For any corrigenda found subsequent to printing, please visit our website at <www.unicef.org/publications>. Note on source information: Data in this report are drawn from the most recent available statistics from UNICEF and other United Nations agencies, annual reports prepared by UNICEF country offices and the June 2012 UNICEF Executive Director’s Annual Report to the Executive Board. Note on resources: All amounts are in US dollars unless otherwise specified. UNICEF EXECUTIVE BOARD (The Executive Board year runs from 1 January to 31 December.) UNICEF is governed by a 36-member Executive Board, an intergovernmental body that establishes policies, approves programmes and decides on administrative and financial plans and budgets. Members are elected by the United Nations Economic and Social Council for a three-year term. OFFICERS FOR 2011 President: H.E. Ms. Sanja Štiglic (Slovenia) Vice-Presidents: H.E. Mr. Daffa-Alla Elhag Ali Osman (Sudan) Ms. Gillian Joseph (Antigua and Barbuda) Ms. Grata Werdaningtyas (Indonesia) Mr. Peter van der Vliet (Netherlands) MEMBERS OF THE BOARD FOR 2011 Antigua and Barbuda, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Cape Verde, China, Colombia, Congo, Cuba, Denmark, El Salvador, Estonia, France, Germany, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Liberia, Malawi, Namibia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Somalia, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Tunisia, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay PHOTO CREDITS Foreword © UNICEF/NYHQ2011-1809/Caffe Chapter 1 © UNICEF/NYHQ2011-1709/Pirozzi Chapter 2 © UNICEF/NYHQ2011-2461/Sokol © UNICEF/NYHQ2011-1624/Pirozzi © UNICEF/NYHQ2011-1461/Rudovsky Chapter 3 © UNICEF/NYHQ2011-0223/LeMoyne © UNICEF/NYHQ2011-1413/Page Chapter 4 © UNICEF/NYHQ2011-0665/Asselin © UNICEF/ZAMA2011-0241/Nesbitt Chapter 5 © UNICEF/NYHQ2011-2212/Dormino © UNICEF/NYHQ2011-2136/Maitem UNICEF ANNUAL REPORT 2011 1 Contents Foreword 2 Chapter 1: Achieving results for children 4 Chapter 2: Developing every child’s full potential 10 Chapter 3: Remaining steadfast in crisis 18 Chapter 4: Championing child rights 22 Chapter 5: Operating efficiently for equity 26 2 UNICEF ANNUAL REPORT 2011 Foreword T he events of 2011 underscored the transcendent importance of expanding our efforts to reach the most disadvantaged and vulnerable children, and the crucial role innovation can and must play in all our work to help children everywhere reach their full potential. As the 2011 UNICEF Annual Report shows, climate-related disasters, humanitarian emergencies, violent conflicts and economic turbulence all took their toll on children, especially the poorest. From the earthquake and tsunami in Japan to the severe flooding in Pakistan and the drought and famine in the Horn of Africa, UNICEF responded with our partners to alleviate the worst suffering, help communities rebuild and strengthen resilience for the future. More broadly, in 2011 UNICEF significantly deepened implementation of our equity agenda – building on the principle that we must put first the rights of those children who are the most marginalized and most in need of our assistance. We do this not only because it is the right thing to do, but also because both research and experience show that is it the most practical and cost- effective thing to do, achieving greater results for children. This report highlights how we translate the principle of equity into practice. Our global network of field offices works in innovative ways to reach the poorest and most remote communities with lifesaving interventions and supplies. At the country level, UNICEF supports the efforts of governments to increase routine immunization, improve the quality of education and boost school enrolment, and expand access to vital health services, including measures to prevent transmission of HIV from mother to child. UNICEF advocates at every level for policies and practices that save and enhance children’s lives. And throughout our organization, we are working to become ever more efficient with precious resources, and all the more accountable to those who entrust them to us. This is especially important now, in an environment of continued fiscal challenges. We are proud that in 2011, UNICEF’s major budget review achieved significant savings by cutting headquarters management costs without cutting programmes – for the staff in the field are the key to realizing greater results for children, and we are committed to providing them with the resources they need. In 2011, UNICEF took other steps to become more efficient. We began to roll out an organization-wide implementation of our new Monitoring of Results for Equity Systems – to monitor and manage programme expenditures against programme results. For the better we monitor results, the better we can manage for results. And in the end, results are all that matter, if we are to fulfil children’s rights. In 2011 UNICEF significantly deepened implementation of our equity agenda. UNICEF ANNUAL REPORT 2011 3 Bruna, 17, talks to UNICEF Executive Director Anthony Lake about HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention. She participates in the Platform for Urban Centres initiative, which encourages adolescents and young people to research and propose solutions to community problems, Brazil. We have taken these steps so that UNICEF can best serve the most vulnerable children everywhere we work. And we will continue to target inequities and strive to become an ever more innovative, agile and accountable organization, always seeking to give children, families and communities the tools they need to build their own futures. The futures they deserve. Anthony Lake UNICEF Executive Director 4 UNICEF ANNUAL REPORT 2011 A round the world in 2011, people called out for justice and dignity, for choices and an end to inequities. The notion that the human cost of uneven development is too high echoed on the streets, bolstered by growing evidence that societies do better when the benefits of economic growth are broadly shared. Hope for change swelled amid the social and political challenges that faced the Arab world and alongside the birth of the world’s newest country, South Sudan. But in many places, hope was mixed with despair, as severe drought and hunger blanketed the Horn of Africa and the threat of a similar crisis loomed in the Sahel region. There was also the sharp reality of retrenchment in the face of the global economic crisis. As public budgets contracted, more developing countries struggled to sustain levels of spending, including for social services most needed by children and poor households. Despite those great challenges and limited resources, the global community now knows from looking back at the experience of recent decades that development works. Unprecedented progress has been made in reducing poverty and bringing more children to school, in reducing child mortality and providing safe water to drink. The daunting task ahead is to extend these gains, which have yet to reach everyone. Stark disparities that remain or are even widening put the poorest communities in many countries consistently at a disadvantage. More equitable and sustainable development for all peoples is feasible – and wise. Such an approach begins with directing scarce resources to where they can have the greatest impact: to children facing deprivations due to poverty, gender, geographical location or any of a number of dis- criminatory barriers. UNICEF has shown, through programmes and research, that reaching the most vulnerable is one of the best development investments to be made. In 2012, the world marks the twentieth anniversary of the landmark 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development and will step up efforts to define a new international development agenda after the 2015 endpoint of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). UNICEF will remain a tireless advocate for delivering results to the most disadvantaged children – the key to accelerating and sustaining human progress. Development for all Throughout 2011, in its programmes in more than 150 countries and territories, UNICEF drew from the growing body of evidence proving the practical benefits of equitable development. Social policies and measures, for example, not only help Achieving results for children CHAPTER 1 UNICEF has shown that reaching the most vulnerable is one of the best development investments to be made. UNICEF ANNUAL REPORT 2011 5 poorer individuals, but also ensure that countries as a whole are better able to han- dle economic crises. Many measures typically offer people small sums of money to use towards sufficient shelter, food, health care and education, and to avoid harmful survival strategies like sending children to work instead of to school. UNICEF backed the expansion of social protection in 93 countries in 2011. In Liberia, which has struggled with rising food prices and a poverty rate of 84 per cent, UNICEF first encouraged a pilot cash transfer scheme in 2010 directed towards some of the most vulnerable households – families without a working adult, or without any adult at all. The programme has since doubled in size, reaching nearly 2,000 households in one county; children make up over 60 per cent of beneficiaries. With Liberia focused on achieving middle-income development levels by 2030, the Government has made social protection a pillar of strategic development planning. UNICEF is further supporting these efforts by assisting with a new national social protection policy and a National Social Protection Secretariat. A child is examined as part of an initiative to expand the quality health care that reduces child mortality rates, Uzbekistan. 6 UNICEF ANNUAL REPORT 2011 In 102 countries throughout 2011, UNICEF advocated for an increased focus on chil- dren in national development plans and budgets, often with special provisions for the disadvantaged. New resources and commitments have come through programmes that coordinate the efforts of governments, international aid donors and other development partners across a given sector of development work. In Bangladesh, a sector-wide programme with a focus on equity is helping more out-of-school and marginalized children get an education. Vanuatu is extending health care to margin- alized districts and ramping up high-impact interventions for children under age 5. For UNICEF, as for the entire United Nations system, a top priority remains accel- erating progress towards the MDGs before 2015. While even some least developed countries have been able to meet a handful of MDG targets, many, particularly in Mozambique’s economy has proven resilient despite the global recession. But it is grow- ing from a starting point of extremely low development. Benefits from this growth have been slow to spread out to most Mozambicans. The proportion of those living in poverty has barely budged, fixed at around 60 per cent. Although more children now go to school and get health care, Mozambique still has some of the world’s high- est rates of child stunting, a form of undernutrition. In 2011, UNICEF and a group of international partners helped the Government embark on a sweeping new social protection policy that sets a minimum floor for human well-being. It grants struggling families income sup- port and access to essential social services – such as health care and education – that reduce inequities and offer opportunities to share in Mozambique’s eco- nomic advancements. The Government agreed to boost the national budget for social protection, starting in 2011, by 40 per cent. This will dramatically scale up previous social protec- tion measures that reached only a small portion of poor households. For the first time, the country’s estimated 24,000 child-headed households can tap into a pro- gramme that provides food, and household and school supplies. Another 450,000 vulnerable people – including about 290,000 children – benefit from a national food subsidy programme. And allocations are now awarded using a system that assesses which areas of the country have the most deprived children. Among other measures, a com- munity case management system has created new links between social and child protection for orphaned and vulnerable children. Since 2010, Mozambique has been part of a global, United Nations-wide effort called the Social Protection Floor Initiative. As the initiative was introduced, UNICEF helped convene part- ners – including Mozambique’s Finance Ministry and its Parlia- mentarian Budget and Planning Commission, the World Food Programme, the International Labour Organization, the Interna- tional Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank – to extend the reach of social protection. Together, they worked on assess- ing how the Government could best allocate the national budget to pay for new measures. Analy- sis demonstrated how these measures could alleviate social tensions and foster more inclu- sive economic growth. A costing tool showed why they would be the most effective option for reducing poverty. The initial achievements of this collaboration have been far- reaching and promise to be sus- tainable. The Ministry of Women and Social Action, which once worked on its own to promote social protection, now consults regularly with the Ministry of Finance. The United Nations Joint Social Protection Programme for Mozambique has received signi- ficant new resources from the Government of Sweden. And UNICEF, the IMF and the World Bank are continuing to work together to help the Government ensure that social protection benefits all the poorest Mozam- bicans, especially children. Mozambique: Partnership for social protection UNICEF ANNUAL REPORT 2011 7 sub-Saharan Africa, are likely to miss them without urgent action. In 2011, the United Nations moved forward with an MDG Acceleration Framework that reached different stages of application in 44 countries by the end of the year. The Framework helps countries to identify bottlenecks to progress and to prioritize actions under goals where progress lags, such as in communities or regions facing disparities. Sustaining broader progress UNICEF is an active participant in global partnerships that mobilize broad constituen- cies for children. Within individual countries, for example, almost all UNICEF offices now engage with the World Bank for advocacy, joint analytical work and technical collaboration. In 2011, UNICEF and the Bank joined forces to produce global guide- lines for poverty and social impact analysis that integrates a focus on children to steer policy reforms. Collaboration with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in 11 pilot countries has protected priority public spending for vulnerable groups, with encouraging results especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Late in the year, a major international meeting took place in Uruguay on the reform of United Nations country operations, looking at eight pilot nations where United Nations development agencies have sought to ‘Deliver as One’. Participants agreed that the coordination process has better aligned the United Nations’ work with national development priorities and fostered an understanding of how different organizations can work together more coherently. In Rwanda (one of the eight countries), UNICEF, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) jointly introduced a sys- tem to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality. A network of community health workers now uses mobile phones and text messages to monitor antenatal care, com- municate with health facilities and refer women at risk of complications to medical A top priority remains accelerating progress towards the MDGs before 2015. * Write-offs are primarily related to uncollectible accounts receivable from old expired contributions. ** Support budget transfers that represent income taxes paid by UNICEF on behalf of the citizens of a government that contributes to UNICEF’s regular resources. Total expenditure by resource and nature of expenditure, 2011 (in millions of US dollars) 2011 2010 Type of expenditure Regular resources Other resources Total Total regular emergency Programme assistance 790 1,683 999 3,472 3,355 Programme support 215 — — 215 174 Total programme cooperation 1,005 1,683 999 3,687 3,529 Management and administration 107 — — 107 102 Total expenditure (excluding write- offs and prior-period adjustments) 1,112 1,683 999 3,794 3,631 Write-offs and provision for uncollectible accounts receivable* -2 2 6 6 3 Support budget costs/ reimbursement** 19 — — 19 19 Total expenditure 1,129 1,685 1,005 3,819 3,653 8 UNICEF ANNUAL REPORT 2011 services. The system has proven effective in reducing deaths, and the Government has agreed to extend the programme from 1 to 17 districts. A new global movement gained momentum in 2011, with UNICEF in a leading role. Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) has brought together the World Bank, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), United Nations agencies, the private sector and governments. All are dedicated to cost-effective methods of eliminating the various manifestations of undernutrition in children, whether stunting, severe acute malnutri- tion, wasting or other consequences of inadequate nutrition. In Ghana, UNICEF has already joined the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the World Food Pro gramme (WFP) and WHO in introducing the Renewed Efforts against Child Hunger programme, and helped to develop a draft national nutrition policy and nutrition surveillance system. Another form of cooperation that UNICEF strongly supports involves countries in the global South pooling their knowledge and resources, and in the process levelling development disparities among them. After UNICEF encour- aged eight Portuguese- and Spanish-speaking countries to collaborate on preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV, Brazil agreed to donate antiretroviral drugs to Guinea-Bissau to strengthen the country’s HIV and AIDS programmes. Over half of programme expenditures went to efforts to ensure that young children survive and develop. Other resources Regular resources Millions of US dollars Total: $3,472 million 0 250 500 750 1,000 $328 million (9%) $126 million (4%) $89 million (3%) $165 million (5%) $45 million (1%) $36 million (1%) $1 million (<1%) $583 million (17%) $250 million (7%) $194 million (6%) $107 million (3%) $34 million (1%) $20 million (1%) 1,250 1,500 Young child survival and development Basic education and gender equality Child protection: Preventing and responding to violence, exploitation and abuse Policy advocacy and partnerships for children’s rights HIV/AIDS and children Other interventions not falling under organizational targets Interventions against results related to institutional budget Note: Totals for the medium-term strategic plan (MTSP) focus areas may not add up to $3,472 million or 100 per cent because of rounding. Programme assistance expenditure by medium-term strategic plan focus area, 2011 [...]... for UNICEF Finnish Committee for UNICEF French Committee for UNICEF German Committee for UNICEF Hellenic National Committee for UNICEF Hong Kong Committee for UNICEF UNICEF Hungarian Committee Foundation Icelandic National Committee for UNICEF UNICEF Ireland Israeli Fund for UNICEF Italian Committee for UNICEF Japan Committee for UNICEF Korean Committee for UNICEF Lithuanian National Committee for UNICEF. .. important to UNICEF throughout its history, but never more so than in enlisting all forces to assist the most marginalized children Progress on UNICEF ANNUAL REPORT 2011 23 UNICEF National Committees Andorran Committee for UNICEF Australian Committee for UNICEF Limited Austrian Committee for UNICEF Belgian Committee for UNICEF Canadian UNICEF Committee Czech Committee for UNICEF Danish Committee for UNICEF. .. for UNICEF Dutch Committee for UNICEF New Zealand National Committee for UNICEF Norwegian Committee for UNICEF Polish National Committee for UNICEF Portuguese Committee for UNICEF National Committee for UNICEF of San Marino Slovak Committee for UNICEF Slovenian Committee for UNICEF Spanish Committee for UNICEF Swedish Committee for UNICEF Swiss Committee for UNICEF Turkish National Committee for UNICEF. .. offset of income taxes paid by UNICEF on behalf of the citizens G of a government that contributes to UNICEFs regular resources This offset is also reported as expenditure in the table Total expenditure by resource and nature of expenditure, 2011 (see page 7) 28 UNICEF ANNUAL REPORT 2011 Consistent with its continuing effort to improve audit reporting, UNICEF recently adopted reporting standards recommended... provide evidence for programmes and advocacy, and disseminate research and studies to enrich the work of UNICEF and its many partners 26 UNICEF ANNUAL REPORT 2011 Students attend class in a new earthquake- and hurricane-resistant temporary school, Port-au-Prince, Haiti UNICEF ANNUAL REPORT 2011 27 UNICEF introduced a Corporate Emergency Activation Procedure for large-scale emergencies, based on lessons... Brazil 200 72011 $4,620,000 El Salvador* 200 72011 $3,606,191 Bulgaria 20102012 Equatorial Guinea 20082012 $3,680,000 $2,250,000 Burkina Faso** 20112 015 $75,745,000 Eritrea* 200 72011 Burundi 20102014 $49,325,000 Ethiopia* 200 72011 $159,148,778 Cambodia** 20112 015 $32,530,000 Gabon* 200 72011 $3,480,000 Cameroon* 20082012 Gambia* 200 72011 $30,264,000 $11,778,000 $5,316,140 Cape Verde*** 200 62011 $4,050,000... 20082012 Gambia* 200 72011 $30,264,000 $11,778,000 $5,316,140 Cape Verde*** 200 62011 $4,050,000 Central African Republic* 200 72011 $15,439,893 Ghana*** 200 62011 $33,926,906 Chad*** 200 62011 $43,658,202 34 Georgia** 20112 015 $3,750,000 Guatemala 20102014 $4,230,000 UNICEF ANNUAL REPORT 2011 ... over the last six years UNICEF Necibe, 9, reads aloud in a fourth-grade class at a UNICEFsupported primary school, Lenkaran, Azerbaijan UNICEF ANNUAL REPORT 2011 13 advocacy based on this approach has raised awareness of the benefits of early childhood development across the country, and national kindergarten enrolment is now at 98 per cent, up from 93 per cent in 2009 In 2011, the Government adopted... inter-organizational arrangements, 200 52011 400 350 Other resources (emergency) 300 Millions of US dollars 356 Other resources (regular) Total other resources 256 234 250 200 178 150 196 128 100 307 296 175 165 91 50 2007 2009 160 144 59 2006 140 2008 71 163 156 50 65 6 0 2005 2010 2011 UNICEF ANNUAL REPORT 2011 31 Top 20 government and intergovernmental donors, 2011 (in thousands of US dollars) Other... standards UNICEF also aided in developing a system to monitor the law The National Council for Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency will use it to report to Parliament and the Government on a yearly basis UNICEF ANNUAL REPORT 2011 17 CHAPTER 3 Remaining steadfast in crisis T wo crises the turmoil of the Arab Spring and the outbreak of extreme hunger in the Horn of Africa posed the greatest challenges for UNICEF . CREDITS Foreword © UNICEF/ NYHQ2011-1809/Caffe Chapter 1 © UNICEF/ NYHQ2011-1709/Pirozzi Chapter 2 © UNICEF/ NYHQ2011-2461/Sokol © UNICEF/ NYHQ2011-1624/Pirozzi © UNICEF/ NYHQ2011-1461/Rudovsky Chapter. UNICEF/ NYHQ2011-1461/Rudovsky Chapter 3 © UNICEF/ NYHQ2011-0223/LeMoyne © UNICEF/ NYHQ2011-1413/Page Chapter 4 © UNICEF/ NYHQ2011-0665/Asselin © UNICEF/ ZAMA2011-0241/Nesbitt Chapter