Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
Ms. Dina_WorldBank
VIETNAM TOWARDS LOW CARBON AGRICULTURE TRANSFORMATION: ROLE OF DIGITAL AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGIES Dina Umali-Deininger Practice Manager, Agriculture and Food Global Practice for East Asia and Pacific, World Bank Vietnam’s Agricultural Success and Opportunities for the Future Vietnam remains a global agriculture powerhouse • • Ag export revenue grew from US$10 billion in 2000 to over US$40 billion by 2020 Vietnam is top exporter of many commodities Top exporter in cashew 2nd top exporter of coffee 64.7 Vietnam Brazil Vietnam Colombia Indonesia Ethiopia Honduras India U ganda Mexico Peru 11.5 7.6 5.7 2.1 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.6 India N etherlands Germany Brazil Ivory Coast Indonesia Mozambique U SA 17.1 8.4 7.1 4.3 3.6 3.4 3.3 2.4 2.2 37.4 10 20 30 40 50 70 90 100 10 20 30 40 50 70 90 100 3rd top exporter of rice India Thailand Vietnam Pakistan U SA China Mynamar Italy Brazil 27.9 17.6 9.9 9.1 7.7 4.6 4.4 2.5 1.5 10 20 30 40 50 70 90 100 Sustaining Vietnam’s Agriculture Growth Faces Many Challenges Agric sector growth slowing - TFP’s contribution to sector growth is declining % 1991-2000 2001-2005 2006-2018 • Water-use inefficiency • Over-use of fertilizers and pesticides • Pollution from rice residue burning • Soil degradation, erosion, land subsidence • Forest and ecosystem degradation Unsustainable intensification Environmental degradation Slowing agric growth, rising GHG emissions Worsening effects of climate change China Malaysia Indonesia India Vietnam Philippines Thailand • Lower yields and incomes • Lower productivity growth • Higher GHG emissions •Sea-level rise • Salt-water intrusion • Adverse climate events Agriculture is now a Major Contributor to Greenhouse Gas Emissions Total emissions (Mil tons CO2eq) and contributions by sectors (%) Rice System : Major contributor of Methane & Nitrous Oxide Emissions! Rice cultivation enteric fermentation/livestoc k synthetic fertilizers manure management manure left on pasture manure supplied to soils crop residues others Vietnam Government’s Strategic Priorities for Sustainable Agricultural Development Agricultural Restructuring Program To promote agricultural transformation: Phase III (20212025) focuses towards low-carbon development and climate change adaptation Economic Ag Growth: 2,6-3%/year (2011-2015), 3,5 4,0%/year 2021-2025 Social Income growth: 2008-2020: 2,5 Environment Forest coverage: 42% times New Rural Communes: 20% by by2025 2015 and 50% by 2025 NDC targets Green Growth Strategy (Decision 1658/QĐ-TTg) Strategic Orientations for Agriculture and Rural Development 6.8 million tCO2eq/year GHG emission reduction compared to BAU Unconditional without intl Support by 2030 25.8 million tCO2eq/year Emission reduction compared to the BAU with intl Support by 2030 • Formulate and implement tasks to develop an efficient, sustainable, lowemissions commodity agricultural sector in the direction of a circular economy, • climate Developsmart and and resilience implement programs and projects on the protection and restoration of ecosystems and biodiversity in agriculture, forestry and fisheries, recovery and increase of carbon sequestration • Promote market linkages in product value chains, and improve competitiveness of green, safe and organic agricultural products, meeting international and domestic standards • Accelerate the new rural development in a green and sustainable direction with more communes meeting new rural development criteria Digital Innovations Important for Vietnam’s Low Carbon Agriculture Development Wide Scope for Scaling up Innovative Digital Solutions ICT Platforms • Mobile apps Digital solutions Precision farming • Farm • Using sensors to monitor climate data, soil moisture and nutrients to reduce inputs and improve yields (i.e., vegetable farming and coffee) Connecting Management farmers with software allows reputable automation in spraying service feeding, counting, providers, e- identifying, tracing extension movement of animals, preventing risks of disease epidemic outbreaks Market access • Farmers livestream to market farm produce • E-commerce platforms connect farmers to markets through mobile apps Agriculture observatory • Earth observation satellites to monitor rice-growing areas using radar-based remote sensing data to map information (area planted, maturity, crop calendar, productivity indicators, number of harvests per year) • Help policy markers in planning and monitoring production Digital Low Carbon Agriculture Solutions in Vietnam, Some Early Successes IOT Alt Wet and Dry System for Rice in Mekong Delta • Water savings: Using IOT AWD in rice reduces water use by 42% compared to non-AWD farming (continuously flooded irrigation) • GHG emissions: 60-70% reduction (4-6 tons CO2e/ha/crop) • Farmer Production cost: 22% less • Yields: increase by 24% IOT on coffee in Central Highlands • IOT on coffee yields same encouraging results on water, energy and labor savings, but GHG reduction not been measured Digital Agriculture: Public-Private Partnerships in Kenya Digital Agriculture Observatory Satellite Radar Providing agricultural intelligence:“Early Warning for Early Action” Ground Radar Virtual Met Station Farmer’s Field Ground Weather Station • 1.5 million Virtual Met Stations • Every km across the terrestrial surface of the earth • billion data points updated every hours Ghana: Providing localized, proactive & timely insight for farmers Using a data driven approach, each farmer receives information relevant to their current situation Source: ESOKO Kenya: Ag Tech Start ups under the One Million Farmer Platform PPP DigiCow: Hello Tractor: Uberizing farm Uber of Veterinary Services mechanization SunCulture: Solar powered irrigation Digital Green: video-based extension service TruTrade Africa: Increasing Market access and price Digitally enabled supply chain finance: AgriWallet AgroCares: IoT soil scanner Weather-index based Crop and Livestock insurance: ACRE Africa Sourcing Digital Solutions through Innovation Challenge • One Million Farmer Platform launched in April 2019 through an innovation challenge and facilitated partnerships between 16 County governments and 14 Agriculture Tech Start ups /Innovators and County Government • Currently 24 AgTech start ups and innovators providing Data-driven Digital Agriculture solutions and services through partnerships with 26 County Governments PPPs: Innovation Challenges – Solution Marketplaces - Hackathons CHINA MONGOLIA (Henan Green Agriculture Fund Project) (Livestock Commercialization Project) INNOVATION THEMES Reducing GHG Emission & Improving Resource-use Efficiency Reducing Agriculture Pollution Enhancing Food Safety Increasing Climate Resilience INNOVATION THEMES Low Carbon Agriculture & Climate Smart Livestock Animal Health & Nutrition Services Digital Livestock Services Enhancing Resilience to Climate Risks Shocks Partners CAAS, CAU, SDC, Syngenta Foundation, Swiss Re, Beijing IOT Association, Henan Dept of Agriculture Outcome 83 Green Agric Technologies: Selected AI based automated and precision agriculture, Biofeeds, and Bio-organic trace elements for controlling livestock emissions Partners IFC, FAO, EU, JICA, KOICA, ADB, Commercial Banks, Impact Investors, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry Outcome 163 Service Innovations: 57 Proposals Shortlisted Sustainable value chains, drones, blockchains, eCommerce, high health animal husbandry, nature-based solutions for agri-livestock INDONESIA (Agriculture Value Chain Devt Project, upcoming) INNOVATION THEMES Enhancing Farm Productivity Improving Resilience to Climate Shocks Improving Access to Finance, Markets and Services Agrifood Systems Governance Partners Microsoft, TaniHub Group, GIZ, and other key players, the Ministry of Agriculture and West Java Provincial Government Outcome 30 Innovations Submitted: selected AI-powered crop protection and management platform, mobile supply chain management software, electronic marketing platform linking traditional markets Fuxin Tea Cooperative under WB Guizhou Rural Development Project: Linking Farmer Cooperatives to E-commerce • Coop with 294 tea producing households (24% poor) • Project support for sustainable tea farming, tea processing facilities, packaging, quality upgrading, certification, branding and marketing (ecommerce), training and capacity building Shenzen, China: Investing in Digital Markets to Promote Food Quality and Safety • Modernizing and upgrading: application of intelligent measurement instruments, merchant information screens and network support services, etc., Measurement supervision Henggang Farmers Market Price monitoring Food traceability/reduce food loss Qinghu Agriculture Product Wholesale Market Moving to Low Carbon Agriculture Development: Requires reorienting and repurposing expenditures towards greening agriculture State spending in agriculture, VND Billion Composition of agricultural support measures (2000-2018) 90,000 0,000 70,000 0,000 50,000 40,000 61848 30,000 20,000 28 55 10,000 2011-2014 Other sub-sectors Fishery Irrigation 2016 -2020 Education, trainings Forestry Science & Technology Agriculture Developing Digital Agriculture: Priority Areas Capacity building and knowledge sharing Digital agricultural skills training for farmers and extension officers Improving University curriculum for digital agriculture Strengthening Institutional and complementary infrastructure Fostering digital agriculture entrepreneurship Digitizing of MARD Systems Promote Public-private sector partnerships Digitizing services for efficiency and transparency (farmer ID, Agriculture Observatory, evouchers) Partner with Private Sector Accelerator Funds Promote digital tech and services start-ups Enabling policy environment Digital agricultural Strategy Public expenditure realignment Regulatory reforms to support agri-tech development Promoting rural digital infrastructure to enhance access 17 THANK YOU! Dina Umali-Deininger Practice Manager, Agriculture and Food Global Practice for East Asia and Pacific, World Bank