[...]... Documentation License" Basic GNU/Linux Basic GNU/Linux GNUFDL • PID_00148393 Index 1 7 1.1 What is GNU? 7 1.2 What is GNU/Linux? 9 1.3 Distributions 11 1.4 Programs and documentation 13 Basic concepts and commands 17 2.1 Introduction 17 2.2 Users and groups 17 2.3 The file system 22 2.3.1 The file system hierarchy 22 2.3.2 System directories... articles regarding GNU/Linux http:/ /www.linuxjournal.com – Linux Gazette GNU/Linux magazine http://www.linuxgazette.com – Linux-mag GNU/Linux magazine http://www.linux-mag.com – Official web page of the XFree86 project http://www.xfree86.org Basic GNU/Linux GNUFDL • PID_00148393 17 Basic GNU/Linux 2 Basic concepts and commands 2.1 Introduction In this section we will learn the basic ideas and instructions... users on the system In order to activate or deactivate the receive messages option we have the mesg command We can also have a personal chat with a user by using the talk command 2.3 The file system 2.3.1 The file system hierarchy Any operating system needs to save numerous files: from system configuration files, to log files or user files etc In general, each operating system uses its own file system characterising... implement the operating system s kernel, for which the tools under development were required From the start the idea was to build an operating system similar to UNIX following the POSIX norms (Portable Operating System Interface) Although UNIX also had its own problems and faults, it was, and continues to be, good enough to adapt to most requirements The task of designing and writing the operating system s... file recovery systems are more effective ReiserFS is a new type of system incorporating new design technologies to make it faster During the installation process the operating system will ask us which of these three we wish to use Normally, we will use ext2 or ext3 because they have been tested more than ReiserFS Filesystem The file system is the program (or modules of the operating system s kernel)... booting the system • /dev/: system devices • /etc/: system configuration files and the applications installed on the system • /home/: directory for users’ home files • /lib/: essential libraries for the system s kernel and its modules • /mnt/: temporary mounting point for devices • /proc/: system kernel processes and variables • /root/: home directory for the system s root Basic GNU/Linux GNUFDL • PID_00148393... License 1.2 What is GNU/Linux? Against this backdrop, while the FSF still did not have a stable kernel for its operating system, a professor of the University of Holland, Andrew￿Tanenbaum, decided to write an operating system so that his students could study it Like Stallman, up until then he had been able to use the source code of AT&T’s UNIX to help teach his pupils to design operating systems His idea... exists in WindowsTM type operating systems ext2 filesystem The ext2 file system has been designed to handle small files, which is what an operating system tends to have more of, quickly It is not so good at handling and manipulating large multimedia files, although we can always do a bit of tuning to adapt it to our needs The first thing we need to understand clearly is that any file system starts from the... the origin of the entire file system and there is only one To correctly organise the files, the system provides what we call directories (or folders), where we can place files and more directories This allows us to obtain a hierarchical organisation as shown in the following figure: Basic GNU/Linux GNUFDL • PID_00148393 24 Figure 2.1 2.3.2 System directories Most operating systems on the market follow... distributions based on GNU/Linux: http:/ /www.linuxhq.com/dist.html 1.4 Programs and documentation Internet has always been the main means of communication between free software developers and users For this reason, since the beginning of GNU/ Linux’s enormous expansion it has been possible to find a lot of information Basic GNU/Linux 14 GNUFDL • PID_00148393 Basic GNU/Linux about the operating system on the . have. Welcome to GNU/Linux! GNUFDL• PID_00148369 6 GNU/Linux Basic operating system Contents Module1 Basic GNU/Linux 1. Introduction 2. Basic concepts. 114 6. Basic configurations 115 6.1. The login system 115 6.2. Exploring the bash 116 6.3. The boot system 118 GNUFDL• PID_00148393 Basic GNU/Linux 6.3.1.