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PUBLIC HEALTH – SOCIAL
AND BEHAVIORAL HEALTH
Edited by Jay Maddock
Public Health – Social and Behavioral Health
Edited by Jay Maddock
Published by InTech
Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
Copyright © 2012 InTech
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Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors
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Publishing Process Manager Romina Skomersic
Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic
Cover Designer InTech Design Team
First published May, 2012
Printed in Croatia
A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com
Public Health – Social and Behavioral Health, Edited by Jay Maddock
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-51-0620-3
Contents
Preface IX
Section 1 Obesity, Food and Physical Activity 1
Chapter 1 The IDEFICS Intervention Toolbox – A Guide to
Successful Obesity Prevention at Community Level 3
Vera Verbestel, Stefaan De Henauw,
Staffan Marild, Stefan Storcksdieck genannt Bonsmann,
Laura Fernández Celemín, Katharina Gallois,
Holger Hassel and Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij
Chapter 2 Testing the Assumptions of Stage of Change
for Fruit and Vegetable Consumption: A Naturalistic Study 41
Jay E. Maddock, Jodi D. Barnett,
Carrie S. Marshall and Claudio R. Nigg
Chapter 3 Strategies for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
in Rural Southern African American Communities 59
Ralphenia D. Pace, Norma L. Dawkins and Melissa Johnson
Chapter 4 Gender Differences in Food Choice and
Dietary Intake in Modern Western Societies 83
Claudia Arganini, Anna Saba,
Raffaella Comitato, Fabio Virgili and Aida Turrini
Chapter 5 Iron Food Fortification
for the Control of Childhood Anemia in Brazil 103
Joel Alves Lamounier,
Flávio Diniz Capanema and Daniela Silva Rocha
Chapter 6 Economic Stressors and
Childhood Obesity: Differences by Child Age and Gender 115
Steven Garasky, Craig Gundersen,
Susan D. Stewart, Joey C. Eisenmann and Brenda J. Lohman
Chapter 7 Critical Appraisal of Selected Body Composition
Data Acquisition Techniques in Public Health 133
Steven Provyn, Aldo Scafoglieri, Jonathan Tresignie,
Céline Lumé, Jan Pieter Clarys and Ivan Bautmans
VI Contents
Chapter 8 Physical Activity, Inactivity,
and Nutrition Behavior Among Children:
Investigating Compensation and Transfer Effects 153
Judith Väth, Katie Amato and Claudio R. Nigg
Chapter 9 U.S. Food Policy and Obesity 165
Julian M. Alston, Abigail M. Okrent and Joanna C. Parks
Section 2 Addictive Behaviors 185
Chapter 10 Alcohol Consumption Among
Adolescents in Estonia 1994 – 2010 187
Kersti Pärna, Mariliis Tael, Inge Ringmets and Katrin Aasvee
Chapter 11 Public Health and Indigenous Australian Gambling:
Risky Lifestyle or Harmless Recreation? 205
Helen Breen, Nerilee Hing and Ashley Gordon
Chapter 12 Self Medication, Drug Dependency
and Self-Managed Health Care – A Review 223
A. O. Afolabi
Chapter 13 The Relationship Between Alcohol Consumption
and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
and Risk Behaviour: A Systematic Literature Review
of High-Risk Groups, with a Focus on South Africa 243
Manuela G. Neuman, Michelle Schneider,
Radu M. Nanau, Charles Parry and Matthew Chersich
Section 3 Emerging Methods 293
Chapter 14 Challenges in
Healthcare in Multi-Ethnic Societies:
Communication as a Barrier to Achieving Health Equity 295
Emine Kale and Bernadette Nirmal Kumar
Chapter 15 Public Health Research and Action:
Reflections on Challenges and Possibilities
of Community-Based Participatory Research 309
S. Lazarus, B. Duran, L. Caldwell and S. Bulbulia
Chapter 16 Nature Therapy and Preventive Medicine 325
Juyoung Lee, Qing Li, Liisa Tyrväinen, Yuko Tsunetsugu,
Bum-Jin Park, Takahide Kagawa and Yoshifumi Miyazaki
Chapter 17 How Can the Empowerment Role of
Public Health Nurses (PHNs) Be Fostered?
A Review of an Exploratory Research Study
Conducted in Ireland and Current Evidence 351
Teresa Cawley
Contents VII
Chapter 18 Disseminating an Evidence-Based Disease
Self-Management Program for Older Americans:
Implications for Diversifying Participant
Reach Through Delivery Site Adoption 385
Matthew Lee Smith, Basia Belza, Mary Altpeter,
SangNam Ahn, Justin B. Dickerson and Marcia G. Ory
Chapter 19 Strategy and Practice of Support
for Families with Multiple Births Children: Combination of
Evidence-Based Public Health (EBPH) and Community-Based
Participatory Research (CBPR) Approach 405
Syuichi Ooki and Kiyomi Hiko
Section 4 Special Populations and Settings 431
Chapter 20 TB Control in Prisons 433
J. Noeske
Chapter 21 Social Determinants
of Health in Deaf Communities 449
Scott R. Smith and Nancy P. Chin
Chapter 22 Anxiety and Emotional
Discomfort in the School Environment:
The Interplay of School Processes, Learning Strategies,
and Children’s Mental Health 461
L. Tramonte and J. D. Willms
Chapter 23 Re-Emergence of HIV Infection and
Syphilis Among Men Who Have Sex with Men 477
Maria Antonella Di Benedetto, Nino Romano and Alberto Firenze
Chapter 24 Gun Violence
in the United States: A Public Health Epidemic 501
Amy J. Thompson
Chapter 25 The Public Health Intervention
of Skin Care for All: Community Dermatology 523
Terence J. Ryan, Steven J. Ersser and Lucinda Claire Fuller
Chapter 26 Addressing Asthma from a Public Health Perspective 537
Adam Davis and Mindy Benson
Chapter 27 An Integrated Theoretical Framework
to Describe Human Trafficking of Young
Women and Girls for Involuntary Prostitution 555
Thozama Mandisa Lutya and Mark Lanier
Preface
Human health is greatly influenced by the daily behaviors and patterns that make up
our lives. Tobacco use, physical inactivity, poor nutrition, immoderate alcohol use,
drug use, violence, unsafe sexual practices and other risky behaviors account for a
large proportion of premature morbidity and mortality worldwide. Over the last
couple of decades, the role of the social sciences in influencing and changing human
behaviors has become more prominent. Psychology, sociology, political science,
economics, anthropology, communications and political science have all played an
important role in health counseling, group based interventions, social marketing and
policy change. A student being trained in a Master’s of Public Health program in
Health Promotion needs to be versed in all of these areas to be effective at changes
population level behaviors.
This book provides an overview of the influence of the social and behavioral sciences
to many public health issues that confront us today. In the first section, the chapters
explore the growing problem of obesity and the related behavioral factors of physical
inactivity and poor nutrition. Chapters examine the effects of food policies including
iron fortification of foods, psychological theory testing to improve health, gender
differences, the effect of stress on obesity and strategies to prevent childhood obesity
and reach rural communities. In the second section, the chapters explore the effects of
addictive behaviors. Issues around alcohol use, drugs and gambling are explored both
in comprehensive reviews and in county level analyses. The third section examines a
variety of different approaches and methods to changing health behaviors. These
include evidence-based public health, community-based participatory research,
empowerment, communication and dialog and even nature therapy. The final section
reviews a variety of at-risk populations including prisoners, men who have sex with
men, school children, deaf persons, school children and young women involuntarily
participating in prostitution. Reviews of important but often neglected public health
areas such as gun violence, skin care for all and asthma are also presented.
This book exemplifies the global nature of public health. All six inhabited continents
are represented by authors in this book. The home country of the authors include
Australia, Estonia, South Africa, Nigeria, Brazil, Canada, Korea, Finland, Japan, Great
Britain, Ireland, USA, Belgium, Sweden and Italy. This trans-national list of authors
provides an important view of the future of public health and the increased need to
X Preface
collaborate with public health professionals across the world to address the myriad of
public health issues. I hope you enjoy reading the following chapters. I find them to be
insightful and to provide an excellent collection of the ways that the social and
behavioral health sciences are being used to protect and promote the public’s health.
Aloha.
Prof. Jay Maddock
Department of Public Health Sciences,
University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa
USA
[...]... Jan Window (and street) poster related to physical activity and diet (1st poster) Feb Mar Apr May Window (and street) poster related to physical activity and diet (2nd poster) Jun Jul Aug Window (and street) poster related to sleep duration (3rd poster) Table 5 Timing and turnover of the window (and street posters) in Year 2 of the IDEFICS project 12 Public Health – Social and Behavioral Health The... number of initiatives and trigger their execution by working with the relevant actors 16 Public Health – Social and Behavioral Health Stakeholder Possible initiatives - Local municipality (public health authorities) and local politicians - Private sector (food companies, grocery stores) Working groups of the schools and kindergartens - - Identify national obesity prevention plans and provide a significant... politicians Health care providers (paediatrician, family doctor, …) Fig 1 Dimensions of the IDEFICS intervention: the individual, the family, the school and kindergarten and the community level 6 Public Health – Social and Behavioral Health The community-based IDEFICS intervention takes a holistic approach associated with this contextual and interactive perspective of human development and is being... consumption of water Jun Stress, coping and relaxation Ensure adequate sleep duration Jul Aug Vacation period: No Healthy Weeks Table 9 Themes of the Healthy Weeks per month during the intervention adoption phase (Year 2) 24 Public Health – Social and Behavioral Health The themes of the Healthy Weeks have to be synchronised with the themes of the window posters (module 2) and the themes of the educational... intervention team 10 Public Health – Social and Behavioral Health The local intervention team must keep itself informed about the initiatives of the community platform For this reason, the local intervention team and the community platform are recommended to meet 3 times during the intervention implementation phase, i.e once between September and December of Year 3 and twice between January and August of... an overview of the IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of Dietaryand lifestyle-induced health EFfects In Children and infantS) intervention and its general content and structure, including the core set of intervention modules, communication strategies and corresponding standard operating procedures for use in preschools, primary schools and other settings and dissemination channels The chapter does... healthy behaviours targeted in the intervention Prepare the dissemination phase of the community-based intervention 8 Public Health – Social and Behavioral Health Establishment and composition of the community platform - - The community platform has to be established, organised and coordinated by a local intervention team Preferably, one community platform is created in the community When it is obvious that... If the concept DOES exist in the community, the standard operating procedure should be used If the concept DOES NOT exist in the community, the local intervention team and the community platform are responsible for launching the play streets in the community in strong cooperation with the local municipalities 14 Public Health – Social and Behavioral Health Identification of the community areas “at... media campaign and public relations strategy A first topic in the long-term media campaign and public relations strategy is the overall approach by which the intervention will become well known and the key messages will be spread in the community A second issue in module 2 is the specific promotion campaign for the key messages by means of a slogan intervention 2.2.1 Multimedia and public relations... to physical activity and recreation facilities Include healthy alternatives in the menus that are specifically available for children (e.g include fruit as a dessert) Provide and promote healthy foods (e.g fruits and vegetables) Make healthy foods available, accessible and attractive in the school environment Create price incentives or use cross-subsidies to facilitate and promote healthy food Remove . PUBLIC HEALTH – SOCIAL
AND BEHAVIORAL HEALTH
Edited by Jay Maddock
Public Health – Social and Behavioral Health
Edited by Jay. can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com
Public Health – Social and Behavioral Health, Edited by Jay Maddock
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-51-0620-3
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