BAN THEM VE GIA TRJ CUA TUM TIEU • TRONG NEN VAN HOC CAMPUCHIA NGUYEN SY TUAN^* C au chuyen ve Tum Tieu diia theo tam tham kich cd that xay ra vao the ky XVI d vung Td-bdng Khd-mum, thupc tinh Pray-veng. Tam tham kich nay dupc luu truyen treng dan gian sud't nhieu the ky sau de. Den cud'i the ky XIX, Ok- nha Xdn-tha Mdc diia vao cau chuyen nay viet thanh truyen thd Tum Tieu. NhUng truyen thd nay ft dUdc biet den. Nam 1915, Bc-tum Mat-the Xom (1852-1932), sU tru tri d chua Kdm Prau, huyen Xit-the Kon-dal, tfnh Pray-veng viet lai Tum Tieu theo the thd Pia pram-pi (the 7 chU)'". Ve cot truyen, Tum Tieu thupc loai truyen phd bien giUa nhUng doi trai tai gai sic gap nhau. ThUdng thi tinh yeu cua hp dii gap nhieu trie trd, phai trai qua nhieu gian truan, nhUng cue'i cung, tinh yeu va leng chung thuy da la lieu thue'c dieu ky giup he chien thang, dUdc hanh phuc vien man. Day la me tip phd bien d nhieu nUdc treng khu vUc. Tuy nhien, Tum Tieu cd nhUng khac biet rat 16n. Tum va Tieu yeu nhau say dim. Mdi tinh manh bet cua hp da lay chuyen dUdc: vua Ria- mia, ngUdi vd'n cung rat yeu men va muen Tieu trd thanh hoang hau. Vua Ria-mia cho phep hai ngUdi dUdc lam dam cUdi. NhUng tinh yeu ciia hp hi ba Phan, me cua Tieu ca'u ket vdi bo'con Or-chun, mpt vien quan trong vung, ngan can. Tum bi bpn hp lap mUu sat hai ngay trong ngay cUdi cua Tieu va Mdn Ngudn - cdn trai ciia Or- chun (ba Phan da lUa gat va ep bupc Tieu phai la'y Mdn Ngudn). Tha'y ngUdi yeu bi giet, Tieu ciing tU van theo. No, ngUdi hau gai cua Tieu ciing quyen sinh thee chit. Hay tin Tum hi giet hai va nang Tieu vi dau khd ma chet thee, nha vua ndi gian, ra lenh bat bo con Or-chun va ba Phan' chon sd'ng, dung bUa bUa qua cd, toan bp dan lang Td-bong Khd-mum, nhUng ngUdi khdng lien can ciing bi bat lam no le. Vi ket cue bi tham nay ma nhieu ngUdi da gpi Tum Tieu la mpt Romeo va Juliet ciia dat nUdc Chua thap. Bi kich Tum Tieu chUa dUng treng dd nhUng van de gi da tUng la cau hei dUdc dat ra tU hang thap nien qua tU khi nd ra ddi. O Campuchia, Tum Tieu da nhan dUdc nhUng danh gia, khen che khac nhau. NhUng ngUdi dUng tren quan diem nhan van thi cam theng va chia se ndi dau cua hai con ngUdi tre tudi. NhUng ngUdi khac, nhu Ok Xa-mon, lai phan xet Tum Tieu dudi nhan quan cua luan ly truyen thd'ng va dao dUc Phat giao. Ok Xa-mdn cho rang, trong cau chuyen nay, ca ba ngUdi TS. Nguyin Sy Tuan, Vien Nghien ciiu Dong Nam A 12 Nghien cim Ddng Nam A 5/2010 ba Phan, Tum, Tieu deu sai. "Ba Phan la ngUdi me tham lam, coi, tien bac, cua cai, dia vi, quyen luc.la nguon goc cua hanh phuc". Tieu la "con gai nhUng lai trai ldi bd' me", da "tU bd dad dUc, nen nep truyen tho'ng" de "chay theo sU khoai lac" ("vUa nghe ldi, tha'y mat da yeu ngay"). Dac biet, tac gia da "danh" chd Tum ldi phe phan gay git nha't. Thee tac gia, Tum la ngUdi "da theo eifa Phat nhUng khdng vupt qua dupc cam do cua nhue due, la ngUdi da tU bd mpi dao dUc, pham each, quen dn quen tpi, quen ca hd then de chay theo tieng gpi cua tinh yeu"'->. Rd rang, theo tac gia, tat ca bpn hp deu mang tpi tham, san, si cua dao dUc Phat giao. 0 Viet Nam, Tum Tieu cung dUdc cac nha nghien cUu don nhan vdi mot thai dp tran trpng, khach quan. Tuy sac thai c6 khac nhau, nhUng tUu trung, cac nha nghien cUu, trong do co ngUdi viet bai nay, cho rang Tum Tieu la ban tinh ca tham dam nudc mit, ca ngdi nhiing khat vpng tu dd yeu dUdng, rpng ra la tU dd dinh ddat hanh phuc ca nhan; la ban cao trang khong the danh thep hdn te' cad che dp chuyen che, met che dp ma d dd tieng ndi cua ke theng tri la chan ly, la tieng ndi tuyet dei''". NhUng y kien danh gia tren day, du it hay nhieu, deu chUa dung nhUng hat nhan hdp ly cua nd, tuy thee "che dUng" cua mdi ngUdi. Dudi day, chung tdi chi ban them mpt vai khia canh ve gia tri cua Tum Tieu trong nen van hpc Campuchia nhUng nam dau the ky XX. 1. Cai thien va cai ac. Cd le hiem cd mot tac pham nao ma tac gia cua no da danh den bon trang de thuyet giang cho muc dfch sang tac cua minh nhu Tum Tieu. Theo Bo-tum Mat-the Xom, con ngUdi sinh ra da la khd dau (ddi la be khd), nhUng Cdn ngUdi cung cd the hoan toan tranh difdc mpi khd dau, thoat dUdc mpi benh tat neu nhu hp dUdc che chd, dUdc an nap dudi bong cua cac dang uy vu be tren nhu cha me. sU thiy, ton giao va cad hdn nUa la mat trang, mat trdi Khdng chi la ldi giao dau (qua ldi tUa), tU tudng nay cdn dupc tai khang dinh qua ldi ket ciia tac pham: "Hdi tat ca thien nam tin nii Sinh lam ngUdi hpc chU ma xem Le thUdng qua bao la nhan hpc Tu tri, tu tam ay phai ren". "Tuyen ngdn" cua Bo-tum Mat-the Xom cung gan giong vdi Nguyen Du doi v6i Truyen Kieu, mac dau muc dfch cua hai tac gia co khac nhau. Neu nhu Nguyen Du lam cho ngUdi ta hieu ring eng cd xiiy cho thuyet "tai menh tUdng dd" ("chu tai chu menh khee la ghet nhau") thi Xom true tie'p hdn, khuyen cen ngUdi hay tranh xa "luyen ai nam nii" de tap trung vad viec "tu tri, tu tam". Cd the, khi dUa ra ldi khuyen nay, Bd-tum Mat-the Xdm da man cam tha'y tru6c-du cdn rat mdng manh - nguy cd lam xdi mdn dan dUc Phat giad trudc sU "nga'p nghe" cua van hoa Tay phUdng d Campuchia nhUng nam dau the ky XX. NhUng dieu dang nei trong "tuyen ngdn" (ca triic tiep va ca gian tiep) nay la, mot mat tac gia bao ve dao dUc Phat giao (cho'ng lai tham, san, si), mat khac tac gia lai ddng loa vdi cai ac (mac dii cdt de giii dudc dao difc Phat giao). Viec sat hai ca ba ngUdi Or-chun, Mdn Nguon, ba Phan bing hinh thUc chon sdng, dung trau biia len cd, ddng thdi bit toan bp dan lang Td-bong Khd-mum vd tpi lam nd le, du nhin nhan d gdc dp nad va bing ba't cU ly dd gi thi ciing la mpt tdi ac. Tri tdi nhUng ke gay ra dieu ac bing met hanh dpng khong the ac hdn cung la mpt Nguyen SyTiid'n - Bdn them ve gid tri ciia Tum Tieu trong nen van hoc 13 tpi ac, chang the bien minh. The nhUng tac gia lai cd^ tinh nhin nhan nd d mdt gdc dp khac: lam dieu ac nhan danh cai thien: Mucn dan tha'y luat hinh nghiem ngat Bao nhau song lay dUc cho toan Chd hpc thoi bat nhan bac ac Ludi gUdm kia chang ket tpi oan. Hdn the, tac gia con bien minh them rang dd ddn gian la "vi nudc vi dan": "NgUdi vi nUdc vi dan tri nUdc / Luat mUdi dieu nghien cUu them sau". Nhu the ma tac gia van che rang "DUc vua trd ve kinh de cu / Tri tue van cae dUc van day" (!). Khdng, bat ky ai, du bat ky ly do gi, bat ky dUng tren quan niem dao dUc nao (quan niem dao dUc Phat giao lai cang khong) cung khdng the ddng tinh ve quan niem cung nhu muc dich sang tac nhu vay cua tac gia (mac du nam mUdi nam sau, quan niem nay lai dUdc Ok Xa-mon chia se qua viec tha bdng cho nhUng hanh dpng tan bad ciia vua Ria-mia qua cdng trinh Nghien ciiu Tum Tieu (tai lieu da dan)''*'. NhUng neu chi nhu vay ce le Tum Tieu da kheng dUdc nhan dan Campuchia yeu men va danh gia cae den vay suot may chuc nam qua, ke tU khi nd ra ddi (1915). Bdi le, "tuyen ngdn" la vay, nhUng dieu ling dpng trdng ldng dpc gia khdng phai la thU triet ly mang dam sic mau Phat giad, khd cUng. Hp se quen ngay nhUng thuyet giang luan ly nay de de'n hien thiic sdng dcng khi dpc nhUng cau thd day hinh anh va bieu cam: Ldi Tieu lap treng riing hdn dim Tdc em day may tham bdng benh Mdi em nd ndng nan hda trai NgUc em tran len ca mei anh"^'. Va ngUdi dpc chi con tha'y vi mot sac dep me hdn cua nang Tieu ma vi no, Tum, mpt chang trai dang nap bdng eifa Phat da dUt ad ra di, bd lai sau lUng minh canh eifa chua ngan nam quyen ru. NgUdi dpc cung tha'y rat ro vi tinh yeu ma Tieu, mdt Cd gai doan trang hien thuc dam bd ngoai tai nhUng ldi ran day ciia me cha vdn day quyen uy de chay theo tie'ng gpi tinh yeu. Cae hdn, vi tinh yeu ma Tieu dam lieu linh budc qua ngUdng eifa cua tap tuc khat khe ve than phan ngUdi con gai de tU nguyen trao tang, dang hien sU trang trong ciia minh cho y trung nhan. Trong hoan canh ngat ngheo dd tinh yeu hien ra va vUdt len thanh mpt phep nhiem mau giup hp cd them sUc manh, cd du can dam de thd 16 md'i tinh cua minh tru6c vi vua t6'i thupng, quyen uy ma khdng sd phep nu6c. Trong cupc d6'i dien cam go, nghiet nga nay tinh yeu hay chinh xac la sUc manh tinh yeu da chien thang. Vdi hanh dpng ddng y cho Tieu trd thanh vd ciia Tum (chU kh6ng phai trd thanh Hdang hau cua minh), chinh vua Ria-mia da thUa nhan sii chien thing cua sUc manh tinh yeu chan chinh. Nhu vay, c6 the ndi, tinh yeu da thing, khat vpng tii de yeu dUdng da thing. Thing giad ly nha Phat, thing phdng tuc, tap quan, thang quyen lUc cua cha me, thing quyen lUc toi thupng cua nha vua. Ndi mpt each tdng quat thi tinh yeu da thang ca than quyen va the quyen. De m6i la cai thien dfch thuc - "thien can d tai ldng ta". Va ngay ca cai chet cua Tieu ben canh Tum khi chang bi sat hai cung la sii chien thing cua tinh yeu. Tinh yeu da chien thang nei sd hai (bing cai chet, Tieu se dUdc s6'ng ben canh Tum mai mai). Vdi Tum Tieu, sU ling dpng trong long dpc gia chinh la qua trinh hanh dpng co y thUc cua hinh tUdng nhan vat, nd phan anh quy luat cua sU van dpng kh6ng ngUng cua con ngUdi va xa 14 Nghien ciiu Ddng Nam A 5/2010 hdi. Chfnh vi the, cai chet cua Tum va Tieu kheng phai la sU ket thuc ma chinh la sU khdi dau, nd khdi gdi bad nhieu van de, bad nhieu cau hdi: tinh yeu hay cua cai, bao lUc hay tU do; ve bao moi quan he: b6' me va con cai, gia dinh va xa hpi, cai cu va cai mdi , nhUng van de chi co the dUdc dat ra va giai quyet "rot rao" trong van chUdng hien dai. Va nhu vay co the ndi, vdi Tum Tieu, Truyen thd Campuchia da phat trien thee chieu hudng giai phdng van hpc ra khdi cac muc dich phi van hpc - muc dich giao ly (ta't nhien la dan dan va chua triet de) de tiem can vdi nen van hpc hien dai. 2. Budc tien mdi ve tinh hien thuc trong Truyen thd. Vdi Tum Tieu, Truyen thd Campuchia da di dUdc mpt budc tien dai tu the gidi than linh de'n the gidi cua loai ngUdi va tU the gidi ngUdi vdi tU each la Idai den cen ngUdi ca the, c6 ddi sd'ng va quan he rieng ciia nd. Ve van de nay, chung ta tha'y, tU Truyen thd dau tien mang ten "Ld-b6c Angkor Voat" (1609), cac truyen Banh-nhg-xa Xe-ra-xa, Pre Xa- mut cua Ok-nha Khd-leng Nong (dau the ky XVII 1) den Truyen Ndng Ca-cdy cua Ang Uudng (1815), cac nhan vat chinh deu la cac vi than linh day quyen phep. Den truyen M6-ra-na Mia-da cua Thom Banh-nha Uk (1877) thi con ngUdi da dong vai tro nhan vat trung tam**''. Mac dau vay, "con ngUdi" trong truyen nay chi mdi dUdc "cha'm pha" b mUc dp "loai". Nhung den Tum Tieu, con ngudi mdi dUdc khac hpa mpt each kha ro net. NhUng nhan vat chinh nhU Turn, Tieu khong con la con ngUdi "nha't phien" ma la con ngUdi CO ddi sdng npi tam phong phu, phUc tap, bi giing xe, chia se giUa mpt ben la bdn phan lam con, lam phat tif, than dan , vdi mpt ben la khat vpng, la tieng gpi cua tinh yeu Va, ciing c6 the noi ring, vdi Tum Tieu, the gidi ky ao ndi thUdng gidi hay nhUng dia danh xa x6i tan xU sd an Dp da dUdc thay the bang nhUng ten dat, ten lang, ten chua than thupc, gan gui, vdi nhUng con ngUdi cu the. Hdn the, Tum Tieu cung bat dau hudng tdi mot xa hpi hien thuc, vdi day ray cam bay; vdi tat ca dac tinh thien - ac, ngay - gian - tham lan Ipn; vdi day du mpi loai ngUdi, tU binh dan de'n quy tpc, vua quan, tU t6n giao den the tuc v.v 3. Su each tan ve ngon ngii. Vdi Tum Tieu Truyen thd Campuchia da c6 budc phat trien theo hUdng tU ngon ngii mang phong each "bac hoc" (Sangskrit, Pa-li) chuyen sang ngon Khmer, mpc mac, gan gui vdi dan chung "binh dan". Dac biet, la mdt nha sU nhUng tac gia da sif dung mpt ngdn ngU rat tran tuc va tUdi rdi cupc ddi. Tuy d6i luc nhu6'm mau nhue due nhUng phai ndi rang Xom da m6 ta moi tinh cua Tum va Tieu het sUc s6ng dpng va tran day sUc sdng. NhUng cau thd sau day mac du dUdc chuyen sang Viet ngU rat hay nhung cung chUa lot ta dUdc tinh than nguyen ban: Tum sung sUdng pha niem sd hai / Gat Tum ra mat lanh trach chang / Rifng mdn mdn kia ai nd pha / Ma phan, ngiic day, tay dUa ngang*'". Cai hay trong each mieu ta khong chi la ndi mpt ndi each manh bad pha chut mau sic tu nhien chu nghia ma con the hien trong each .sif dung ngon tif mot each phii hdp, dac biet la trong each .so sanh vf von. Nhieu ngUdi thich doan do'i dap giiia Tum va Tieu, trong do tac gia mieu ta tinh yeu cua do'i trai tai gai sic nay d tam voc vu tru (mpt each so sanh quen thupc trong van hpc phUdng Dong): "Tieu ring than Nguyen SyTud'n - Bdn them ve gid tri ciia Tum Tieu trong nen vdn hoc 15 em nhu sao trdi / Con anh yeu quy nhU mat trang / Sao mpc rai rac khap bau trdi / Vay quanh mat trang khdng xa vdi". Nhung thudng thi tac gia sif dung 16'i so sanh cu the, gan giii: "Than anh nhu sU tif / Con em khac nao hang da / Su tif dUdc ndi d tdt / Chang bad gid lai muon rdi ra". Hdac: "Anh nhu cdn vdi / Em khac nad cay mia / Dudc mat ngpt chang chiu ddi chan / Voi co bao gid bd mia ". Con ndi ve n6i budn rau cua Tieu khi phai xa Tum, thi: "ThUc an nUdc uong kh6ng tUdng den / Thit ldn, thit ga, thit vit day bat / De nguoi ngat, an chang dUdc /N6i budn ve sU chia li lam bee ldng". Nhung khi cin, thi tac gia cung het sUc y nhi, bdng bay: "Em tiia dda hda thdm / Anh khac nao con ong mat / Em la ben dd /Anh nhU con thuyen xuoi ngUdc. Bo-tum Mat-the Xom Cling thfch diing cac thanh ngU, tuc ngU va sif dung chung mot each "dac dia": banh ldn hdn khuon", "chin trUdc khi chua" (tUdng tii "trUng khon hdn vit", "an cdm trUdc keng" trdng thanh ngii Viet), "ngUdi (chet) de tie'ng, vdi (chet) de nga", "lam rupng xem ce, cudi ga cdn chau xem ky ndi chen", "tha ma't mpt thung bac chd de mat ldi ndi" v.v *'^' Co the noi, cung vdi nhUng canh hudng, nhiing tam trang, nhUng tinh tiet da dupc tac gia dung cong xay diing thi nhUng each so sanh, vf von tren day thUc sii lam say dim mpi gidi dpc gia Campuchia qua cac thdi ky. Quan trpng hdn, Idai ng6n ngU nay rat gan vdi ngdn ngii van xudi va la mpt trong nhiing tien de cho viec hinh thanh nen van xuoi nghe thuat cuoi nhiing nam ba mUdi cua the ky trUdc. 4. Mot budc tien mdi ve each thifc ket ca'u. Vdi Tum Tieu, Truyen tho Campuchia da co nhUng budc thay ddi ve each thiic ket ca'u. TrUdc day, mpt truyen thd dUdc viet theo nhieu the thd khac nhau. M6i the thd dung de bieu dat nhUng npi dung khac nhau. Vi du: the Brah-ma- kit (5-6-5-6) dung trong viec dan do khuyen ran, mang tinh chat tha thiet tinh cam; the Ka-ka-te (4-4-4-4-4-4-4) dung de thuat lai cac cau chuyen; the Phu- chu6ng-li-lia (6-4-4) dung de dien ta cac cupc hanh trinh hoac luc dUa tien nhau; the Pum - n61 (6-4-6) dung trong cupc tranh luan d6'i thoai '^'. Cac the thd nay khdng chi dUdc sif dung de the hien npi dung cu the ciia tUng trUdng doan ma con dam nhiem vai tro chuyen canh hay to chUc, lien ket ciia tac pham'^"'. Nay vdi Tum Tieu, cau chuyen chi dUdc viet theo mpt thd thd (the Pia pram-pi, the 7 chU) se la met khd khan ddi vdi tac gia. NhUng mat khac, dd se la "da't dien" de tac gia cd the the hien tai nang, de "tung tay" ngoi but cua minh, nha't la trong viec mieu ta nhUng cam xuc tam trang nhan vat, trong viec lien ke't tac pham, lien ket mach chuyen. Tuy nhien, vdi Tum Tieu, tac gia cung chUa thoat khdi tinh chip khue v6'n cd cua Truyen thd (vf du, de chuyen sang mpt trUdng ddan khac, tac gia thudng dung "ring ", "vi rang " liic d6 ". Dieu nay cung tUdng tU nhU each nei cua cu Nguyen Dinh Chieu: "ThU nay de'n Luc Van Tien" trong Luc Vdn Tien). Tuy nhien, day cung co the la mpt each "dien dat" phu hdp do'i vdi mpt do'i tUdng ceng chung von "thich lam khan gia hdn dpc gia, thich boat dpng hdn la suy tU, thich hdat dpng gifla trdi hdn la thu minh vad phdng hep ". Danh gia mpt each tdng quat, c6 the noi, Tum Tieu tfl khi ra ddi da tao nen mot .so'phan rieng, vUdt qua gidi ban, vUdt qua muc tieu giao ly ma tac gia vdn da kh6ng he da'u diem, de trd thanh mpt tac 16 Nghien cifu Ddng Nam A 5/2010 pham danh da'u mpt sii each mang that sU cua Truyen thd Campuchia, kh6ng chi d sii ket thuc mang tinh bi kich nhu nhan xet cua Td-rang Nghia" ", ma cen dUa den cho ngUdi dpc sU cam thong, chia se ve moi tinh thuy chung cua doi trai tai gai sic vdi nhflng cau thd me hdac ldng ngUdi. Va quan trpng hdn no con chuan bi nhUng tien de de tham gia vao dUdng hien dai h6a nen van hpc Campuchia sau nay, tren ta't ca cac phUdng dien tfl npi dung den thi phap"-'. Nhflng phan tich, ly giai tren day, chung t6i hy vpng co nhflng ddng gdp nhd trdng viec danh gia met trong nhflng •tac pham ldn cua nen van hpc truyen tho'ng Campuchia./. CHU THICH 1. Nam 1942, can chuyen dan gian nay mot lan nfla difdc Nu Kon viet lai theo the thd Pia pram-bay (the 8 chfl) difdi tieu de "Tieu Ek". 2. Nghien ciiu Tum Tieu. Ok Xa-mon, Phnom Penh, 1966, tr. 224-225 (tieng Khmer) 3. Xem them: Vdn hoc Campuchia qua nhiing chang diidng lich sii. Vu Tuyet Loan- Nguyln Sy Tuan. Nxb. KHXH, H. 2000 vd Vdn hoc Dong Nam A. Lifu DUc Trung (chu bien), Nxb. Giao due, H. 1998. 4. Trong cong trinh nay. Ok Xa-mon chi ket tpi ba nhan vat: ba Phan, Tum, Tieu (nhif da noi), con vua Ria-mia khong he difdc nhae tdi. 5. Tum Tieu, ban dich cua Phung Huy Thinh, Nxb. KHXH, 1987, tr. 58 6. Chuyen viet ve mpt moi tinh rat manh liet va tham khoc: Kdom-pi dem long yen say dam mpt co gai. Hai ngifdi bo trdn de'n sinh song d mot viing da't xa xoi. Khi da trd nen giau co, ngu'di chdng da giet chet ngifdi vp da mpt thdi chung song luc ban vi de song vdi mpt ngifdi dan ba khac, bd lai ngifdi con gai bd vd. 7 Nguyen van cau 425 trong nguyen ban: "ddm hon len md, sd len vu\ NhUng cau thd nay chung toi dich (nghia) tif nguyen ban tieng Khmer, khong tuan theo diing nguyen tic van luat cua the thd Pia pram-pi. 8. Xem them: Nghien ciiu Tum Tieu, Sdd, tr. 226-227. 9. Xem Kien Rem: Thii tim hieu nen thi ca ciia dong bdo Viet goc Mien. Luan dam, 1963, Bp III, sd 1, tr. 65-70. 10. Vi du trong Truyen thd Ndng Ca-cdy, Ang-DUdng, da sfl dung 4 the thd xen ke nhau (tuy tUng trifdng doan): Ka-ka-te, Pum-nol, Brah-ma-kit, Phii-chuong-li- lia. Con Riem Ke, mpt tuyet tac khac cua van hpc Campuchia cung viet theo nhieu the thd: tfl chifdng 1 de'n cbifdng 10, theo cac the Ka-ka-te, Brah-ma-kit, Phii- chu6ng-li-lia, Pum-nol, B6n-t6-la-ka, tif chifdng 75 den chifdng 80 lai difdc viet theo the Pia pram-mudi, v.v 11. Xem Td-rang Nghia: Vdn minh Khmer. Phnom Penh, 1972, tr. 15 (ban tieng Khmer) 12. Chiing tdi quan niem rang sU ra ddi cua van hpc hien dai Campuchia khong phai theo con difdng phu dinh (tat nhien la phai bien chUng va tflng bifdc) nen van hpc truyen thong de tie'n tdi mot nen van hpc hien dai ma do sU tac dpng cua nhieu yeu to' ben ngoai, nhif anh hifdng cua van hpc Phap, sU doi hoi cua mot xa hpi mdi vdi nhflng dieu kien mdi (ldp ngifdi sang tac mdi, cong chung mdi, dieu kien in an ). Du vay thi van hpc truyen thdng, trudc het la Truyen thd vin cd anh hUdng ldn den npi dung va hinh thfle cua van xuoi hien dai Campuchia ndi chung va tieu thuyet hien dai Campuchia noi rieng. ('iing can noi them rang, viec hien dai boa nen van hpc Campuchia, xet ve phifdng dien the loai, cung co nhflng dac diem rieng. Trong khi tieu thuyet da hinh thanh va bit dau phat trien thi kich noi dien ra cham hdn nhieu va dac biet la thd mdi vdi tif each la mpt the loai khdng xuat hien. Cho de'n nay, d Campuchia, vin chi . BAN THEM VE GIA TRJ CUA TUM TIEU • TRONG NEN VAN HOC CAMPUCHIA NGUYEN SY TUAN^* C au chuyen ve Tum Tieu diia theo tam tham kich cd. ket vdi bo'con Or-chun, mpt vien quan trong vung, ngan can. Tum bi bpn hp lap mUu sat hai ngay trong ngay cUdi cua Tieu va Mdn Ngudn - cdn