12 WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS Low income Afghanistan Bangladesh Benin Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo, Dem Rep Eritrea Ethiopia Gambia, The Guinea Guinea-Bissau Haiti Kenya Korea, Dem Rep Kyrgyz Republic Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Niger Rwanda Sierra Leone Somalia Tajikistan Tanzania Togo Uganda Zimbabwe Lower middle income Angola Armenia Belize Bhutan Bolivia Cameroon Cape Verde Congo, Rep Côte d'Ivoire Djibouti Egypt, Arab Rep El Salvador Fiji Georgia Ghana Guatemala Guyana Honduras India Indonesia Iraq Kiribati Kosovo Lao PDR Lesotho Marshall Islands Mauritania Micronesia, Fed Sts Moldova Mongolia Morocco Nicaragua Nigeria Pakistan Papua New Guinea Paraguay Philippines Samoa São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Solomon Islands Sri Lanka South Sudan Sudan Swaziland Syrian Arab Republic Timor-Leste Tonga Turkmenistan Tuvalu Ukraine Uzbekistan Vanuatu Vietnam West Bank and Gaza Yemen, Rep Zambia Upper middle income Albania Algeria American Samoa Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Azerbaijan Belarus Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Chile China Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Gabon Grenada Iran, Islamic Rep Jamaica Jordan Kazakhstan Latvia Lebanon Libya Lithuania Macedonia, FYR Malaysia Maldives Mauritius Mayotte Mexico Montenegro Namibia Palau Panama Peru Romania Russian Federation Serbia Seychelles South Africa St Kitts and Nevis St Lucia St Vincent & Grenadines Suriname Thailand Tunisia Turkey Uruguay Venezuela, RB High income Andorra Aruba Australia Austria Bahamas, The Bahrain Barbados Belgium Bermuda Brunei Darussalam Canada Cayman Islands Channel Islands Croatia Curaỗao Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Equatorial Guinea Estonia Faeroe Islands Finland France French Polynesia Germany Gibraltar Greece Greenland Guam Hong Kong SAR, China Hungary Iceland Ireland Isle of Man Israel Italy Japan Korea, Rep Kuwait Liechtenstein Luxembourg Macao SAR, China Malta Monaco Netherlands New Caledonia New Zealand Northern Mariana Islands Norway Oman Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar San Marino Saudi Arabia Singapore Sint Maarten Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain St Martin Sweden Switzerland Trinidad and Tobago Turks and Caicos Islands United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Virgin Islands (U.S.) INCOME MAP The world by income The world by income Low ($1,005 or less) Classified according to World Bank estimates of 2010 GNI per capita Lower middle ($1,006–$3,975) Upper middle ($3,976–$12,275) High ($12,276 or more) No data Greenland (Den) Iceland Norway Faeroe Islands (Den) Sweden Finland Russian Federation The Netherlands Estonia Denmark Russian Latvia Fed Lithuania United Belarus Germany Poland Kingdom Belgium Ukraine Moldova Romania France Italy Isle of Man (UK) Canada Ireland Channel Islands (UK) Luxembourg Liechtenstein Switzerland Andorra United States Kazakhstan Bulgaria Portugal Spain Monaco Turkey Greece Georgia Armenia Tunisia Syrian Arab Rep West Bank and Gaza Gibraltar (UK) Bermuda (UK) Cyprus Lebanon Israel Morocco Azerbaijan Jordan Malta Cayman Is.(UK) Libya Former Spanish Sahara Saudi Arabia Cuba Belize Jamaica Guatemala Honduras El Salvador Nicaragua Costa Rica Mauritania Haiti Cape Verde Mali Senegal The Gambia Guinea-Bissau Guinea Panama R.B de Venezuela Guyana Suriname Sierra Leone Liberia French Guiana (Fr) Colombia Niger Benin Côte Ghana d’Ivoire Cameroon Congo Malawi Zimbabwe Tonga Namibia Paraguay Germany Antigua and Barbuda U.S Virgin Islands (US) St Kitts and Nevis Curaỗao (Neth) Argentina Dominica St Lucia St Vincent and the Grenadines Barbados Grenada Trinidad and Tobago Guam (US) Philippines Federated States of Micronesia Brunei Darussalam Malaysia Marshall Islands Palau Nauru Singapore Botswana South Africa Poland Kiribati Comoros Solomon Islands Papua New Guinea Indonesia Tuvalu Mayotte (Fr) Madagascar Vanuatu Fiji Mauritius Réunion (Fr) Australia New Caledonia (Fr) Lesotho Czech Republic Ukraine Slovak Republic Austria Guadeloupe (Fr) Martinique (Fr) Aruba (Neth) Chile Uruguay N Mariana Islands (US) Seychelles Mozambique Swaziland St Maarten (Neth) Lao P.D.R Maldives Kenya Rwanda Dem.Rep.of Burundi Congo Tanzania Zambia St Martin (Fr) Myanmar Sri Lanka Somalia Uganda Gabon Bolivia Puerto Rico (US) India Vietnam Cambodia South Sudan Angola American Samoa (US) Bangladesh Thailand Brazil Peru Bhutan Nepal Rep of Yemen Ethiopia Central African Republic Japan Timor-Leste French Polynesia (Fr) Dominican Republic Pakistan Djibouti Nigeria Kiribati Samoa Eritrea Sudan Burkina Faso Togo Equatorial Guinea São Tomé and Príncipe Ecuador Chad Rep.of Korea China Afghanistan United Arab Emirates Oman Turks and Caicos Is (UK) Mexico Fiji Arab Rep of Egypt Dem.People’s Rep.of Korea Tajikistan Bahrain Qatar Algeria The Bahamas Turkmenistan Islamic Rep of Iran Kuwait Iraq Mongolia Kyrgyz Rep Uzbekistan Romania Bosnia and Herzegovina San Marino Italy Montenegro Vatican City New Zealand Hungary Slovenia Croatia Serbia Kosovo Bulgaria FYR Macedonia Albania Greece R.B de Venezuela Antarctica IBRD 39125 MARCH 2012 Designed, edited, and produced by Communications Development Incorporated, Washington, D.C., with Peter Grundy Art & Design, London 2012 WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS Copyright 2012 by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street NW, Washington, D.C 20433 USA All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing April 2012 This volume is a product of the staff of the Development Data Group of the World Bank’s Development Economics Vice Presidency, and the judgments herein not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank’s Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility whatsoever for any consequence of their use The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this volume not imply on the part of the World Bank any judgment on the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries This publication uses the Robinson projection for maps, which represents both area and shape reasonably well for most of the earth’s surface Nevertheless, some distortions of area, shape, distance, and direction remain The material in this publication is copyrighted Requests for permission to reproduce portions of it should be sent to the Office of the Publisher at the address in the copyright notice above The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally give permission promptly and, when reproduction is for noncommercial purposes, without asking a fee Permission to photocopy portions for classroom use is granted through the Copyright Center, Inc., Suite 910, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA Photo credits: World Bank photo library, except page 282, David Cieslikowski/World Bank If you have questions or comments about this product, please contact: Development Data Group The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Room MC2-812, Washington, D.C 20433 USA Hotline: 800 590 1906 or 202 473 7824; fax 202 522 1498 Email: data@worldbank.org Web site: www.worldbank.org or data.worldbank.org ISBN 978-0-8213-8985-0 ECO -AUDIT Environmental Benefits Statement The World Bank is committed to preserving endangered forests and natural resources The Office of the Publisher has chosen to print World Development Indicators 2012 on recycled paper with 50 percent postconsumer fiber in accordance with the recommended standards for paper usage set by the Green Press Initiative, a nonprofit program supporting publishers in using fiber that is not sourced from endangered forests For more information, visit www greenpressinitiative.org Saved: 64 trees 26 million Btu of total energy 6,503 pounds of net greenhouse gases 29,321 gallons of waste water 1,859 pounds of solid waste 2012 WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS PREFACE World Development Indicators 2012 is a compilation of relevant, high-quality, and internationally comparable statistics about development and the quality of people’s lives Organized around six themes—world view, people, the environment, the economy, states and markets, and global links—it aims to put data into the hands of policy makers, development specialists, students, and the public We encourage and applaud the use of the data presented here to help reduce poverty and to solve the world’s most pressing development challenges The full dataset used to produce World Development Indicators contains more than 1,000 indicators for 216 economies, with many time series extending back to 1960 Highly visual, interactive, and multilingual presentations of the data are available at the popular website http://data.worldbank.org and through the DataFinder application for mobile devices And, as a major part of the World Bank’s Open Data Initiative, the data are freely available for use and reuse under an open license A companion printed volume, The Little Data Book 2012, presents a selection of indicators for each economy, and the biennial Statistics for Small States presents data for less-populated developing countries This 16th edition of World Development Indicators relies heavily on statistics produced by national authorities and agencies Since the first edition in 1997, there has been a substantial increase in the availability and quality of the data, thanks to improvements in statistical capacity in many countries More remains to be done: the capacity to use statistical data remains weak; demand is growing for greater disaggregation of indicators (for instance by sex, age, or geography); and data in some key areas, such as agriculture, are often missing or outdated A new global statistical action plan (www.paris21.org/busan-action-plan), endorsed in November 2011 at the highest political levels at the Fourth High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness in Busan, Republic of Korea, provides an important framework to address remaining challenges, to integrate statistics into decision making, to promote open access to data and improve their use, and to increase resources for statistical systems World Development Indicators is possible only through the excellent collaboration of many partners who provide the data for this collection, and I would like to thank them all: the United Nations family, the International Monetary Fund, the International Telecommunication Union, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the statistical offices of more than 200 economies, and countless others whose support and advice have made this unique product possible As always, we welcome your ideas for making the data in World Development Indicators useful and relevant for improving the lives of people around the world Shaida Badiee Director Development Economics Data Group 2012 World Development Indicators v infant death 2.17 total death 2.17 health survey, year last completed 2.17 national health account number completed 2.17 year last completed 2.17 Hunger, depth 5.8 I Immunization rate, child DPT, share of children ages 12–23 months 2.18 measles, share of children ages 12–23 months 2.18 Health risks Imports anemia, prevalence of children under age 2.21 arms 5.7 pregnant women 2.21 documents required for 6.8 2.22 energy, net, as share of total energy use 3.9 cause of death goods and services child malnutrition, prevalence stunting underweight wasting diabetes, prevalence HIV, prevalence low-birthweight babies 2.20 1.2, 2.20 2.20 2.22 1.3, 2.22 2.21 as share of GDP 4.8 average annual growth 4.9 total 4.17 information and communications technology goods lead time 5.12 6.8 merchandise overweight children, prevalence 2.20 annual growth smoking, prevalence, male and female 2.22 by developing countries, by partner 6.4 by high-income countries, by product 6.3 tuberculosis, incidence undernourishment, prevalence 1.3, 2.22 2.20 6.2 structure 4.5 tariffs 6.3, 6.7 total Heavily indebted poor countries (HIPCs) 4.5 assistance 1.4 value, average annual growth 6.1 completion point 1.4 volume, average annual growth 6.1 decision point 1.4 Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI) assistance 1.4 services structure 4.7 total 4.7 travel HIV See also Trade prevalence female population ages 15–24, male and female total 4.7, 6.14 2.22 2.22 1.3, 2.22 Income distribution Gini index 2.9 percentage of Homicide rate, intentional 1.2, 2.9 5.8 Industry annual growth durable dwelling units 3.14 home ownership 3.14 multiunit dwellings 3.14 vacancy rate 3.5 3.14 overcrowding 2.3 freshwater withdrawals for output 3.14 household size 4.2 employment, male and female Housing conditions, national and urban 4.1 as share of GDP Hospital beds—see Health care 3.14 Inflation—see Prices Informal economy, firms formally registered when operations started 2012 World Development Indicators 5.2 421 INDEX OF INDICATORS Information and communications technology trade Innovation, internationally recognized certification ownership 5.11 5.2 L Labor force annual growth 2.2 armed forces 2.6 female Interest rates 5.7 children at work Interest payments—see Government, central, debt 2.2 deposit 4.15 nonagricultural 1.5 lending 4.15 part-time 1.5 real 4.15 participation of population ages 15 and older, male and female 2.2 risk premium on lending 5.5 total 2.2 spread 5.5 See also Employment; Migration; Unemployment Internally displaced persons 5.8 Land area arable—see Agriculture, land; Land use See also Protected areas; Surface area; and Exposure to impact International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) net financial flows from 6.11 Land use arable land International Development Association (IDA) net concessional flows from Resource Allocation Index as share of total land 5.8, 5.9 3.1 per 100 people 6.11 3.1 area under cereal production 3.2 by type International Monetary Fund (IMF) 6.11 3.1 forest area, as share of total land 3.1 irrigated land net financial flows from 3.2 permanent cropland, as share of total land fixed broadband 3.1 total area Internet 3.1 access tariff 5.12 subscriptions 5.12 Life expectancy at birth international Internet bandwidth 5.12 male and female secure servers 5.12 total users 5.12 1.5 1.6, 2.23 Literacy adult Investment male and female foreign direct, net inflows as share of GDP total 6.10 total 6.10 1.6 mathematics, students at the lowest level of proficiency on PISA 2.14 youth, male and female infrastructure, private participation in energy 2.14 2.14 5.1 telecommunications 5.1 transport water and sanitation 5.1 Logistics Performance Index 6.8 5.1 See also Gross capital formation; Private financial flows M Malaria 422 2012 World Development Indicators 2.21 children sleeping under treated nets 2.18 children with fever receiving antimalarial drugs Iodized salt, consumption of 2.18 Malnutrition, in children under age 1.2, 2.20 by developing countries, by partner 6.4 food Management time dealing with officials fuels 5.2 4.5, 6.3 4.5, 6.3 information and communications technology goods Manufacturing 5.12 manufactures 4.5 annual growth 4.1 ores and metals 4.5 as share of GDP 4.2 ores and nonferrous materials 6.3 to low-income economies by high-income economies, by product 6.3 value added chemicals 4.3 to middle-income economies by high-income economies, by product 6.3 food, beverages, and tobacco 4.3 total machinery and transport equipment 4.3 value, average annual growth 6.1 other 4.3 volume, average annual growth 6.1 structure 4.3 textiles and clothing 4.3 by developing countries, by partner 6.4 total 4.3 direction 6.2 growth 6.2 regional trade blocs 6.6 4.5 trade See also Merchandise Market access to high-income countries goods admitted free of tariffs 1.4 support to agriculture 1.4 Metals and minerals commodity prices and price index 6.5 tariffs on exports from least developed countries agricultural products 1.4 clothing 1.4 Methane emissions agricultural as share of total 3.10 textiles 1.4 industrial as share of total 3.10 total 3.10 Merchandise exports Migration agricultural raw materials 4.4, 6.3 emigration of people with tertiary education to OECD countries 6.14 food 4.4, 6.3 international migrant stock, total 6.14 6.14 from developing countries, by partner 6.4 net from regional trade blocs 6.6 See also Refugees; Remittances fuels 4.4, 6.3 information and communications technology goods 5.12 information and communications technology services 5.12 Military armed forces personnel manufactures 4.4 as share of labor force 5.7 ores and metals 4.4 total 5.7 ores and nonferrous materials 6.3 arms transfers structure 4.4 exports 5.7 to low-income economies from high-income economies, by product 6.3 imports 5.7 to middle-income economies from high-income economies, by product total military expenditure 6.3 as share of central government expenditure 4.4 as share of GDP value, average annual growth 6.1 volume, average annual growth 6.1 within regional trade blocs 6.6 5.7 5.7, 5.8 imports agricultural raw materials Millennium Development Goals, indicators for access to improved sanitation facilities access to improved water source 1.3, 2.18, 3.13, 5.8 2.18, 3.5, 5.8 4.5, 6.3 2012 World Development Indicators 423 INDEX OF INDICATORS average tariff imposed by developed countries on exports of least incidence developed countries 1.4 births attended by skilled health staff treatment success rate 2.19 carbon dioxide emissions per capita 1.3, 3.9 children sleeping under treated nets under-five mortality rate 2.18 contraceptive prevalence rate poorest and richest wealth quintile total 1.3, 2.19 employment to population ratio undernourishment, prevalence 2.4 enrollment ratio, net, primary unmet need for contraception 2.12 female to male enrollments, primary and secondary vulnerable employment 1.2 fertility rate, adolescent women in wage employment in the nonagricultural sector 1.3, 2.22 2.18 1.2, 2.22, 5.8 2.24 1.2, 2.23, 5.8 2.20 2.19 1.2, 2.4 1.5 2.19 goods admitted free of tariffs from least developed countries 1.4 Minerals depletion, as share of GNI 4.11 assistance 1.4 Monetary indicators completion point 1.4 broad money 4.15 decision point 1.4 claims central government 4.15 other claims on domestic economy 4.15 heavily indebted poor countries (HIPCs) Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI) assistance nominal debt service relief committed 1.4 Mortality rate immunization rate, child DPT 2.18 adult, male and female measles 2.18 child, male and female income or consumption, national share of poorest quintile children under age 1.2, 2.9 2.22 total Internet users per 100 people life expectancy at birth maternal 1.3, 5.12 labor productivity, GDP per person employed lifetime risk of maternal death 2.4 literacy rate of 15- to 24-year-olds malnutrition, prevalence infant 2.23 poorest and richest wealth quintile crude death rate 2.24 infant mortality rate 2.14 neonatal 2.23 2.23 1.2, 2.23, 5.8 2.1 2.23 2.23 1.3, 2.19, 5.8 2.19 2.23 1.2, 2.20 malaria Motor vehicles children under age sleeping under treated nets 2.18 passenger cars antimalarial drugs mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 people 3.15 See also Roads; Traffic 5.11 national parliament seats held by women 3.15 road density 1.3, 2.19, 5.8 3.15 per kilometer of road 2.18 maternal mortality ratio 3.15 per 1,000 people children under age with fever who are treated with appropriate 1.5 official development assistance MUV G-5 index 6.5 MUV G-15 index 6.5 for basic social services as share of total sector allocable ODA commitments net disbursements, as share of donor GNI poverty gap pregnant women receiving prenatal care share of cohort reaching last grade of primary education support to agriculture telephone lines, fixed, per 100 people 1.4 1.4 2.7, 2.8 1.5, 2.19 2.13 N Natural resource depletion, as share of GNI 4.10 1.4 5.11 Net enrollment—see Education 2.18 Newspapers, daily tuberculosis case detection rate 424 2012 World Development Indicators 5.12 Nitrous oxide emissions agricultural as share of total Plants, higher, threatened species 3.4 3.10 Industrial as share of total 3.10 total 3.10 Pollution carbon dioxide damage, as share of GNI Nutrition 4.11 emissions anemia, prevalence of average annual growth children ages under 2.21 pregnant women 2.21 per capita breastfeeding, exclusive 2.21 per unit of GDP iodized salt consumption 2.21 3.10 intensity total malnutrition, child 1.2, 2.20 3.9 1.3, 3.9 3.9 1.6, 3.9 local damage 4.11 overweight children, prevalence 2.20 undernourishment, prevalence 2.20 agricultural, as share of total vitamin A supplementation 2.21 from energy processes, as share of total 3.10 total 3.10 O methane emissions nitrogen dioxide, selected cities 3.10 3.16 nitrous oxide emissions Official development assistance—see Aid agricultural, as share of total 3.10 energy and industry, as share of total 3.10 total Official flows—see Aid; Financial flows, net 3.10 organic water pollutants, emissions P by industry selected cities 3.16 urban-population-weighted PM10 3.15 3.6 per worker Particulate matter 3.6 per day 3.6 particulate matter concentration 3.15 Patent applications filed 5.13 3.16 total Passenger cars per 1,000 people selected cities 3.15 sulfur dioxide, selected cities 3.16 Population age dependency ratio, young and old operation name 5.8 troops, police, and military observers 5.8 2.1 average annual growth Peacebuilding and peacekeeping operations 2.1 by age group, as share of total 0–14 2.11 5–64 average, as share of per capita income 2.10 contributors 2.1 65 and older Pension 2.1 density 1.1, 1.6 female, as share of total 1.5 as share of labor force 2.10 as share of working-age population 2.10 annual growth 3.1 public expenditure on, as share of GDP 2.10 as share of total 3.1 rural total Permits and licenses, time required to obtain operating license 5.2 1.1, 1.6, 2.1 urban as share of total Physicians—see Health care 3.13 average annual growth 3.13 in largest city 3.13 2012 World Development Indicators 425 INDEX OF INDICATORS in selected cities 3.16 in urban agglomerations 3.13 total 3.13 See also Investment Productivity See also Migration; Electricity; and Exposure to impact agricultural 3.3 labor Ports 2.4 water Portfolio—see Equity flows; Private financial flows 3.5 Protected areas container traffic in 5.9 quality of infrastructure 6.8 marine as share of total surface area Poverty 3.4 total 3.4 terrestrial international poverty line local currency as share of total surface area 3.4 total 2.8 3.4 population living below $1.25 a day 2.8 $2 a day 2.8 national poverty line Protecting investors disclosure index 5.3 Public sector management and institutions (Country Policy and Institutional population living below, national, rural, and urban 2.7 poverty gap, national, rural, and urban Assessment) 2.7 efficiency of revenue mobilization Power—see Electricity, production 5.9 property rights and rule-based governance 5.9 public sector management and institutions cluster average Precipitation 5.9 quality of budgetary and financial management 5.9 quality of public administration average annual 5.9 transparency, accountability, and corruption in the public sector 3.2, 3.12 5.9 see also Climate variability Purchasing power parity (PPP) Prenatal care, pregnant women receiving 1.5, 2.19 conversion factor gross national income 4.16 1.1, 1.6 Prices commodity prices and price indexes 6.5 consumer, annual growth 4.16 gasoline fuel 3.15 GDP implicit deflator, annual growth 4.16 net barter terms of trade 6.1 wholesale, annual growth 4.16 R Railways goods hauled by 5.10 lines, total 5.10 passengers carried 5.10 Refugees Primary education—see Education by country of asylum 5.8, 6.14 by country of origin Private financial flows 5.8, 6.14 internally displaced persons debt flows bonds commercial bank and other lending 6.10 Regional development banks, net financial flows from foreign direct investment, net inflows 6.10 Regional trade agreements—see Trade blocs, regional portfolio equity 6.10 equity flows 426 5.8 6.10 2012 World Development Indicators 6.11 Registering property Sanitation, access to improved facilities, population with number of procedures 5.3 total time to register 5.3 urban and rural Regulation and tax administration 1.3, 2.18, 5.8 3.13 Savings management time dealing with officials 5.2 adjusted net meeting with tax officials, number of times 5.2 gross, as share of GDP 4.11 4.8 gross, as share of GNI 4.11 Relative prices (PPP)—see Purchasing power parity (PPP) Schooling—see Education Remittances Science and technology workers’ remittances and compensation of employees paid 6.14 scientific and technical journal articles received 6.14 See also Research and development Research and development 5.13 Secondary education—see Education expenditures 5.13 researchers 5.13 technicians 5.13 Services employment, male and female 2.3 exports Reserves, gross international—see Balance of payments computer, information and communications, and other Resilience insurance and financial services 4.6 structure 4.6 commercial services disaster risk reduction progress score 3.12 See also Electricity, access to 4.6 total commercial 4.6 travel Roads 4.6 transport 4.6 imports goods hauled by 5.10 passengers carried 5.10 paved, as share of total 5.10 sectoral energy consumption 3.15 insurance and financial services 4.7 total network 5.10 structure 4.7 computer, information and communications, and other commercial services 4.7 total commercial 4.7 transport Royalty and license fees 4.7 4.7 payments 5.13 travel receipts 5.13 value added annual growth access to improved sanitation facilities access to an improved water source 4.1 as share of GDP Rural environment 4.2 3.13 3.5 Smoking, prevalence, male and female annual growth 3.1 Social inclusion and equity policies (Country Policy and Institutional as share of total 3.1 2.22 population Assessment) building human resources S S&P/Global Equity Indices 5.9 equity of public resource use 5.9 gender equity 5.4 5.9 policy and institutions for environmental sustainability 5.9 2012 World Development Indicators 427 INDEX OF INDICATORS social inclusion and equity cluster average 5.9 social protection and labor 5.9 weighted mean tariff 6.7 share of tariff lines with international peaks 6.7 share of tariff lines with specific rates 6.7 Starting a business—see Business environment Taxes and tax policies Stock markets listed domestic companies business taxes 5.4 market capitalization average number of times firms meet with tax officials 5.2 labor tax, as share of commercial profits 5.6 5.6 as share of GDP 5.4 number of payments total 5.4 other taxes, as share of commercial profits 5.6 5.4 profit tax, as share of commercial profits 5.6 S&P/Global Equity Indices 5.4 time to prepare, file, and pay 5.6 turnover ratio 5.4 total tax rate, as share of commercial profits 5.6 market liquidity goods and services taxes, domestic Steel products, commodity prices and price index 6.5 4.14 4.14 international trade taxes Structural policies (Country Policy and Institutional Assessment) income, profit, and capital gains taxes 4.14 other taxes 4.14 business regulatory environment 5.9 social contributions 4.14 financial sector 5.9 tax revenue collected by central government, as share of GDP structural policies cluster average 5.9 trade 5.9 5.6 Technology—see Computers; Exports, high-technology; Internet; Research and development; Science and technology Stunting, prevalence of 2.20 Telephones Sulfur dioxide emissions—see Pollution fixed international voice traffic Surface area See also Land use 5.11 per 100 people 5.11 residential tariff 1.1, 1.6 5.11 mobile cellular Suspended particulate matter—see Pollution international voice traffic T 5.11 population covered 5.11 prepaid tariff Tariffs 5.11 mobile cellular and fixed subscriptions per employee binding coverage 6.7 simple mean tariff 5.11 6.7 simple mean bound rate 5.11 total revenue all products 6.7 weighted mean tariff applied rates on imports from low- and middle-income economies 6.7 simple mean tariff weighted mean tariff on exports of least developed countries 2012 World Development Indicators 5.12 Temperature—see Climate variability Terms of trade index, net barter 6.1 6.7 6.7 Tertiary education—see Education 1.4 primary products simple mean tariff Television, households with 6.3 manufactured products 428 5.11 subscriptions per 100 people Threatened species—see Animal species; Biological diversity; Plants, higher 6.7 Tourism, international year of creation 6.6 year of entry into force of the most recent agreement tourism expenditure 6.6 inbound as share of exports 6.15 total 6.15 outbound Trademark applications filed 5.13 Trade policies—see Tariffs as share of imports 6.15 total 6.15 Traffic—see Fuels; Motor vehicles; Roads inbound 6.15 Transport—see Air transport; Ports; Railways; Roads outbound 6.15 tourists Travel—see Tourism, international Trade arms 5.7 barriers 6.7 Treaties, participation in biological diversity burden of customs procedures 6.8 3.17 CFC control facilitation 3.17 climate change 3.17 Convention on International Trade on Endangered Species (CITES) documents 3.17 to export 6.8 Convention to Combat Desertification (CCD) 3.17 to import 6.8 Kyoto Protocol 3.17 6.8 Law of the Sea 3.17 Ozone layer 3.17 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 3.17 freight costs to the United States lead time to export 6.8 to import 6.8 liner shipping connectivity index 6.8 logistics performance index 6.8 case detection rate quality of port infrastructure 6.8 incidence information and communications technology Tuberculosis 5.12 2.18 1.3, 2.22 treatment rate 2.18 merchandise direction of, by developing countries 6.4 direction of, by region 6.2 by product U Undernourishment, prevalence of high-income economy with low- and middle-income economies, 2.20 Underweight, prevalence of 2.20 6.3 nominal growth, by region 6.2 regional trading blocs 6.6 structure 4.4, 4.5 total 4.4, 4.5 Unemployment by level of educational attainment, primary, secondary, tertiary 2.5 incidence of long-term, total, male, and female services 2.5 2.5 structure 4.6, 4.7 total, male, and female total 4.6, 4.7 youth, male, and female 1.3, 2.10 See also Balance of payments; Exports; Imports; Manufacturing; Urban environment Merchandise; Terms of trade; Trade blocs access to improved sanitation facilities access to an improved water source Trade blocs, regional 3.13 3.5 emissions, selected cities exports within bloc 6.6 total exports, by bloc 6.6 nitrogen dioxide 3.16 type of agreement 6.6 particulate matter 3.16 2012 World Development Indicators 429 INDEX OF INDICATORS sulfur dioxide 3.16 housing conditions urban and rural 3.5 freshwater durable dwelling units 3.14 home ownership 3.14 as share of internal resources 3.5 3.14 for agriculture 3.5 multiunit dwellings 3.14 for domestic use 3.5 overcrowding 3.14 for industry 3.5 vacancy rate 3.14 total 3.5 household size population annual withdrawals internal renewable resources as share of total 3.13 flows 3.5 average annual growth 3.13 per capita 3.5 in largest city 3.13 pollution—see Pollution, organic water pollutants in selected cities 3.16 productivity in urban agglomerations 3.13 total 3.13 3.5 Women in development female-headed households See also Pollution; Population; Sanitation; Water 2.10 female population, as share of total V 1.5 life expectancy at birth 1.5 pregnant women receiving prenatal care Value added 1.5, 2.19 teenage mothers as share of GDP poorest and richest wealth quintile 1.5 2.24 in agriculture 4.2 in industry 4.2 unpaid family workers in manufacturing 4.2 vulnerable employment 2.4 women in nonagricultural sector 1.5 women in parliaments 1.5 in services 4.1, 4.2 per worker in agriculture total W World Bank, net financial flows from 2.20 See also International Bank for Reconstruction and Development; International Development Association Water access to improved source of, population with total 430 2.18, 5.8 2012 World Development Indicators 1.5 3.3 Workforce, firms offering formal training Wasting, prevalence of 1.5 5.2 6.11 REGION MAP The world by region East Asia and Pacific American Samoa Cambodia China Fiji Indonesia Kiribati Korea, Dem Rep Lao PDR Malaysia Marshall Islands Micronesia, Fed Sts Mongolia Myanmar Palau Papua New Guinea Philippines Samoa Solomon Islands Thailand Timor-Leste Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu Vietnam Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru St Kitts and Nevis St Lucia St Vincent & Grenadines Suriname Uruguay Venezuela, RB Europe and Central Asia Albania Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Georgia Kazakhstan Kosovo Kyrgyz Republic Latvia Lithuania Macedonia, FYR Moldova Montenegro Romania Russian Federation Serbia Tajikistan Turkey Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan Middle East and North Africa Algeria Djibouti Egypt, Arab Rep Iran, Islamic Rep Iraq Jordan Lebanon Libya Morocco Syrian Arab Republic Tunisia West Bank and Gaza Yemen, Rep Latin America and the Caribbean Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Belize Bolivia Brazil Sub-Saharan Africa Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon South Asia Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo, Dem Rep Congo, Rep Côte d'Ivoire Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia, The Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe High-income OECD Australia Austria* Belgium* Canada Czech Republic Denmark Estonia* Finland* France* Germany* Greece* Hungary Iceland Ireland* Israel Italy* Japan Korea, Rep Luxembourg* Netherlands* New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal* Slovak Republic* Slovenia* Spain* Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom United States Other high income Andorra Aruba Bahamas, The Bahrain Barbados Bermuda Brunei Darussalam Cayman Islands Channel Islands Croatia Curaỗao Cyprus* Equatorial Guinea Faeroe Islands French Polynesia Gibraltar Greenland Guam Hong Kong SAR, China Isle of Man Kuwait Liechtenstein Macao SAR, China Malta* Monaco New Caledonia Northern Mariana Islands Oman Puerto Rico Qatar San Marino Saudi Arabia Singapore Sint Maarten St Martin Trinidad and Tobago Turks and Caicos Islands United Arab Emirates Virgin Islands (U.S.) *Member of the Euro area The world by region Classified according to World Bank analytical grouping Low- and middle-income economies East Asia and Pacific Middle East and North Africa High-income economies Europe and Central Asia South Asia OECD Latin America and the Caribbean Sub-Saharan Africa Other No data Greenland (Den) Iceland Isle of Man (UK) Canada Ireland Channel Islands (UK) Luxembourg Liechtenstein Switzerland Andorra United States Norway Faeroe Islands (Den) The Netherlands Sweden Finland Russian Federation Estonia Denmark Russian Latvia Fed Lithuania United Belarus Germany Poland Kingdom Belgium Ukraine Moldova Romania France Italy Kazakhstan Bulgaria Portugal Spain Monaco Turkey Greece Georgia Armenia Tunisia Syrian Arab Rep West Bank and Gaza Gibraltar (UK) Bermuda (UK) Cyprus Lebanon Israel Morocco Azerbaijan Jordan Malta Cayman Is.(UK) Libya Former Spanish Sahara Saudi Arabia Cuba Belize Jamaica Guatemala Honduras El Salvador Nicaragua Costa Rica Mauritania Haiti Cape Verde Mali Senegal The Gambia Guinea-Bissau Guinea Panama R.B de Venezuela Guyana Suriname Sierra Leone Liberia French Guiana (Fr) Colombia Niger Benin Côte Ghana d’Ivoire Cameroon Central African Republic Congo Malawi Zambia Zimbabwe Tonga Namibia Paraguay Germany St Maarten (Neth) Antigua and Barbuda U.S Virgin Islands (US) St Kitts and Nevis Curaỗao (Neth) Argentina Dominica St Lucia St Vincent and the Grenadines Barbados Grenada Trinidad and Tobago N Mariana Islands (US) Guam (US) Philippines Federated States of Micronesia Brunei Darussalam Malaysia Marshall Islands Palau Maldives Nauru Singapore Botswana South Africa Poland Kiribati Comoros Solomon Islands Papua New Guinea Indonesia Tuvalu Mayotte (Fr) Madagascar Vanuatu Fiji Mauritius Réunion (Fr) Australia New Caledonia (Fr) Lesotho Czech Republic Ukraine Slovak Republic Austria Guadeloupe (Fr) Martinique (Fr) Aruba (Neth) Chile Uruguay Lao P.D.R Seychelles Mozambique Swaziland St Martin (Fr) Myanmar Sri Lanka Kenya Rwanda Dem.Rep.of Burundi Congo Tanzania Bolivia Puerto Rico (US) India Vietnam Cambodia Somalia Uganda Gabon Angola American Samoa (US) Bangladesh Thailand Brazil Peru Bhutan Nepal Rep of Yemen Ethiopia South Sudan Japan Timor-Leste French Polynesia (Fr) Dominican Republic Pakistan Djibouti Nigeria Kiribati Samoa Eritrea Sudan Burkina Faso Togo Equatorial Guinea São Tomé and Príncipe Ecuador Chad Rep.of Korea China Afghanistan United Arab Emirates Oman Turks and Caicos Is (UK) Mexico Fiji Arab Rep of Egypt Dem.People’s Rep.of Korea Tajikistan Bahrain Qatar Algeria The Bahamas Turkmenistan Islamic Rep of Iran Kuwait Iraq Mongolia Kyrgyz Rep Uzbekistan Romania Bosnia and Herzegovina San Marino Italy Montenegro Vatican City New Zealand Hungary Slovenia Croatia Serbia Kosovo Bulgaria FYR Macedonia Albania Greece R.B de Venezuela Antarctica IBRD 39126 MARCH 2012 The World Bank 1818 H Street N.W Washington, D.C 20433 USA Telephone: 202 473 1000 Fax: 202 477 6391 Web site: data.worldbank.org Email: data@worldbank.org ISBN 978-0-8213-8985-0 SKU 18985 The World Development Indicators • Includes more than 1,000 indicators for 158 economies • Provides definitions, sources, and other information about the data • Organizes the data into six thematic areas WORLD VIEW PEOPLE ENVIRONMENT Living standards and development progress Gender, health, and employment Natural resources and environmental changes ECONOMY STATES & MARKETS GLOBAL LINKS New opportunities for growth Elements of a good investment climate Evidence on globalization Saved: 64 trees 26 million Btu of total energy 6,503 pounds of net greenhouse gases 29,321 gallons of waste water 1,859 pounds of solid waste ... solid waste 2012 WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS PREFACE World Development Indicators 2012 is a compilation of relevant, high-quality, and internationally comparable statistics about development. .. data in World Development Indicators useful and relevant for improving the lives of people around the world Shaida Badiee Director Development Economics Data Group 2012 World Development Indicators. .. of population under age 5) Source: World Health Organization and World Development Indicators database Source: World Health Organization and World Development Indicators database Tuberculosis is