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Giáo trình Hóa học bằng tiếng Anh - Chemistry 12 v2
[...]... Number of carbon atoms 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 -meth- Root 1 -eth- -prop- -but- -pent- -hex- -hept- -oct- -non- -dec- Figure 1.8 shows some hydrocarbons, with the main chain or ring highlighted CH3 HC H3C CH CH3 CH2 CH3 CH H2C C CH2 H 2C CH2 CH3 A B (A) There are six carbons in the main chain The root is -hex- (B) There are five carbons in the main ring The root is -pent- Figure 1.8 The Suffix: What Family Does... OH CH3 15 Draw each alcohol (a) methanol (d) 3-ethyl-4-methyl-1-octanol (b) 2-propanol (e) 2,4-dimethyl-1-cyclopentanol (c) 2,2-butanediol 16 Identify any errors in each name Give the correct name for the alcohol (a) 1,3-heptanol OH HO CH2 CH2 CH CH2 CH3 (b) 3-ethyl-4-ethyl-1-decanol OH (c) 1,2-dimethyl-3-butanol CH3 CH2 CH CH3 CH CH3 OH 17 Sketch a three-dimensional diagram of methanol Hint: Recall... 2,2,3-dimethylbutane (c) 3-methyl-4,5-diethyl-2-nonyne (b) 2,4-diethyloctane 8 Correct any errors so that each name matches the structure beside it (a) 4-hexyne (b) 2,5-hexene CH3 CH2 CH3 C CH CH C C C CH2 CH3 CH3 9 Use each incorrect name to draw the corresponding hydrocarbon Examine your drawing, and rename the hydrocarbon correctly (a) 3-propyl-2-butene (c) 4-methylpentane (b) 1,3-dimethyl-4-hexene... 2-methyl-2-butene (c) 1,4-dimethylbenzene (common name: para-xylene) (d) 3-ethyl-2,3,4-trimethylnonane 3 Draw and name all the isomers that have the molecular formula C4H10 4 Draw a line structural diagram for each hydrocarbon (See the Concepts and Skills Review for a review of structural diagrams and cis-trans isomers.) C C (a) pentane (b) 2-methylpropane (c) 1-ethyl-3-methylcyclohexane (d) trans-2,5-dimethyl-3-heptene... to the nitrogen atom The corresponding prefix is N-methyl- Step 4 The full name is N-methyl-2-propanamine Practice Problems 26 Name each amine (a) CH3 NH2 (c) CH3 CH2 CH CH3 NH2 CH3 (b) C(CH3)3CH2 N CH2CH3 (d) N CH3 H 27 Draw a condensed structural diagram for each amine (a) 2-pentanamine (c) N-methyl-1-butanamine (b) cyclohexanamine (d) N,N-diethyl-3-heptanamine 28 Classify each amine in the previous... C5H10O Solution O O 2-pentanone O 3-pentanone O O pentanal 3-methylbutanal O 3-methyl-2-butanone O 2-methylbutanal 2,2-dimethylpropanal Practice Problems 30 Name each aldehyde or ketone O O (a) HC CH2 CH2 (d) CH3 CH3 CH2 CH CH CH2CH3 O O (b) (e) O (c) CH3 CH C CH2 CH2 CH3 CH3 31 Draw a condensed structural diagram for each aldehyde or ketone (a) 2-propylpentanal (c) 4-ethyl-3,5-dimethyloctanal (b)... and suffix together are -heptene Step 3 Numbering the chain from the left, in this case, gives the smallest position number for the double bond Step 4 Find the prefix: Two methyl groups are attached to carbon number 2 One ethyl group is attached to carbon number 3 There is a double bond at position 3 The prefix is 3-ethyl-2,2-dimethyl- 3- Step 5 The full name is 3-ethyl-2,2-dimethyl-3-heptene Chapter 1 Classifying... Functional Groups Type of compound Suffix Example Functional group alkane -ane none alkene -ene C C propene alkyne -yne C C propyne alcohol -ol C OH propanol amine -amine C N propanamine aldehyde -al propane O propanal C H O ketone propanone -one C O carboxylic acid propanoic acid -oic acid C OH O ester methyl propanoate -oate C O O amide -amide C N propanamide Physical Properties and Forces Between Molecules... is 1,3-diethylbenzene MHR • Unit 1 Organic Chemistry Chemists do not always use position numbers to describe the branches that are attached to a benzene ring When a benzene ring has only two branches, the prefixes ortho-, meta-, and para- are sometimes used instead of numbers CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 1,2-dimethylbenzene ortho-dimethylbenzene (common name: ortho-xylene) 1,3-dimethylbenzene meta-dimethylbenzene... and 3 Therefore, part of the prefix is 1,3-dibromo- There is also a methyl group at position number 4 Because the groups are put in alphabetical order, the full prefix is 1,3-dibromo-4-methyl- (The ring is numbered so that the two bromine atoms have the lowest possible position numbers See the Problem Tip on page 18.) The full name of the compound is 1,3-dibromo-4-methylcyclohexane Practice Problems 18 . is 1-ethylcyclopentane. CH 2 CH 3 12 35 4 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 123 Sample Problem Naming Alkanes 16 MHR • Unit 1 Organic Chemistry 5. Name each hydrocarbon. (a). bonds. The Chemistry 12 Electronic Learning Partner has a video that compares models of hydrocarbons. Electronic Learning Partner Careers in Chemistry The