THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIET NAM Independence- Freedom- Happiness FOREIGN LANGUAGE FACULTY INTERNSHIP REPORT In company  My full name:  Class : foreign language faculty  Cell phone :  Email :  Internship place: - Address : - Fax - Email: @gmail.com  Supervisor in the company : Ms  Supervisor in the univesity : - Cell phone : - Email : @gmail.com : INTRODUCTION In the process of studying in Faculty of English – University , I was approached and equipped myself with the theories, the lessons of teachers on grammar, and etc especially in the translation theories However, to avoid surprise after school, the school has created the conditions for final year students we have access to the fact, which combined with the theories we have learned to be aware objective for the problem revolves around the knowledge of future work Intern period is the opportunity for us to have access to practice, apply the theories they have learned in the school, promote the idea that in the learning process is not performed During this time, we have access to the activities of the enterprise, as well as observable learning styles and working experience especially capture the reality of using English in business This is extremely useful and particularly important for the final year students, before we actually work in enterprises and organizations Finaly, I’d like to express my gratitude to all those who gave me the possibility to complete this report I want to thank the marketing department for giving me permission to commence this report in the first instance and to the necessary research work I am also deeply indebted to my supervisor Mrs who gave materials, support, stimulating suggestions and encouragement, helped me complete this report With her sincere comments from the beginning days of this process, I have accumulated good experience about translation skill Without her help, I could not finish the internship course I wish to thank all lecturers at university, especially the lecturers in the Foreign Language Faculty for their educated instructions during my years of university work Last but not least, I am obliged to my friends who looked closely at the final providing me their translation exercises and assignments to use as version of the report for English style and grammar Table of content Chap 1: overview of company Chap 2: contract translation in company 2.1 translation theory surrounding 2.2 current contract translation in company 2.3 difficulty in contract translation in company Chap 3: analysis and experience CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF MANH HUNG LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY 1.1 Overview of Manh Hung limited liability Company 1.1.1 Foundation and development of Manh Hung limited liability Company Full company name: Manh Hung limited liability company Address: Area 1, Lam Thao town, Lam Thao district, Phu Tho Fax: 02103825595 Email: - Website: The prosperous limited liability company was established and operated by the provincial Department of Planning and Investment on January 1, 2005, up to now, 14 years of experience in many major fields especaily in costruction and plastic bag manufaturing.The market of the corporation formerly was only the domestic companies and customers with the small quantity Nowadays, the corporation has established a wide customer network not only in the country but also abroad 1.1.2 Business areas  Manufacturing, trading the products about plate making, printing, packaging, ink, chemical (except strongly noxious chemicals), mechanics, paper and paper materials, general cultural services  Trading and exporting – importing materials, machinery devices in some categories: industry, paper, printing and packaging, cultural products and etc  Construction of civil works, housing projects, industrial projects  Construction of transport and irrigation works  Import and distribution of agricultural chemical products  Import and distribution of construction materials and equipment 1.1.3 Structure of company Director Human resource Department Marketing Department Economic- Technical Department Accounting Department The assignment of responsibilities is as follows: A Director The directors in charge of the general management and directly managing the affairs related to the business operation of the enterprise and taking responsibility before the board for the business results of the enterprise B Human resource department Recruiting the Right People for the Right Job Maintaining a Safe Environment Compensation and Benefits Labor Law Compliance Compliance with labor and employment laws is a critical HR function Noncompliance can result in workplace complaints based on unfair employment practices, unsafe working conditions and general dissatisfaction with working conditions that can affect productivity and ultimately, profitability HR staff must be aware of federal and state employment laws such as Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, the Fair Labor Standards Act, the National Labor Relations Act and many other rules and regulations Training and Development Employers must provide employees with the tools necessary for their success which, in many cases, means giving new employees extensive orientation training to help them transition into a new organizational culture Many HR departments also provide leadership training and professional development Leadership training may be required of newly hired and promoted supervisors and managers on topics such as performance management and how to handle employee relations matters at the department level Professional development opportunities are for employees looking for promotional opportunities or employees who want to achieve personal goals such as finishing a college degree Programs such as tuition assistance and tuition reimbursement programs often are within the purview of the HR training and development area C Marketing Department Here are some functions of the market department: - Organize and conduct research activities in the domestic and international tourism market, seek new clients through participation in fairs - Coordinate with the operating room, develop the tourism program from contents to price level in order to be suitable with the needs of customers and take initiative in making new ideas about the company's products - Sign contracts with airlines, foreign tourism companies, domestics and foreign organizations and individuals - Maintain the relationship of the company with the valued customers, propose and develop plans to expand branches, representatives of domestic and foreign companies - The market department must really become a bridge between the market and the business Under certain conditions, the market department is responsible for performing research and development tasks, which are part of the market for the company D Economic- Technical Department - Economic-Technical department is a unit of the management apparatus of the company with the function of advising the Board of Directors and the General Director on technical, technological, norms and product quality - This department also is incharged of designing, deploying and overseeing as a basis for accounting, bidding and signing economic contracts - Economic-Technical department combines with other departments to check the quantity and quality of goods and supplies when buying or exporting - It also checks and takeover product quality E Accounting Department Just like any other business sector exists in the field of basic accounting, primary accountants - accountants are always the key part of being shared in distribution with the department of the company The functions of accounting department are financial accounting and planning An accounting department provides accounting services and financial support to the organization it belongs to The department records accounts payable and receivable, and all other financial elements The department's accountants review the records of each department to determine the company's financial position and any changes required to run the organization cost effectively 1.1.4 Job description I’m in the company as an assistant of diplomatic part in Marketing Department I’m assigned some small tasks related to diplomacy including: supporting in keeping contact with customers by exchange email, helping translate contracts, supporting in finding new material source or new market Below is a detail timetable for my internship (from to ) Week 1: the first day in company, I had a chance to greeting and making acquaintance with employees in the company They were not strict as I thought They helped me to feel comfortable and receiving the best working environment Then, Miss……………………… who directly is in charge of me, introduced me to every staff in Marketing department The second day, I started with reading some documents and emails to get used to When there were responding from customers, I would refer how to answer with the help of everyone The third day, nothing special happened I just did as the second day but in processing of learning, I stored up some new words The forth day was a busy day with Marketing Department They had to develop new ideas on advertising It was hard for me to help I received some contracts to overview and tried to translate Week 2: I continued with the task of translating contract: mostly business contracts I needed lots of help in Goodge Translation because there were many terms I didn’t know or I translated incorrectly I had an opportunity to practice sending easy mail to customers There were some callings from oversea, but I just could stay by their side and listened Week 3: Gradually, Everthing was more stable I catched up with the speed of this job However, there was always isues in the part of contract translation Sending and receieving emails wasn’t the big problem any more This week, I was assigned a new task: checking quantity of import goods, comparing with the PO ( Perchase Oder) and the reality of warehouse with the help of other worker in the company It wasn’t a hard task but i needed be careful with the numbers Week 4: There weren’t many emails that I could answer well so I get a misson of typing English document This task sounded easy Thanks to the process, my typing was improved a lot I also met some new phrases and learned more new words Other than finishing job in the real inviroment, I also had chance to participated in out door activities, events held by the company I could see how they worked in team and the way they helped the other They were very precious experience I had through this intern ship CHAPTER II: CONTRACT TRANSLATION IN THE COMPANY 2.1 Translation theory 2.1.1 What is translation? There are a lot of definitions of translation According to Bell (1991), “translation is the expression in another language (or target language) of what has been expressed in another, source language, preserving semantic and stylistic equivalents” From the point of view of Larson (1984), “translation is basically a change of form When we speak of the form of language, we are referring to the actually words, phrases, clauses, sentences, paragraphs…which are spoken or written In translation, the form of the source language is replaced by the form of the receptor (target) language The American-Website Dictionary (1974) also defines that “translation consists of changing from one state or form to another, to turn into one’ own or another’ language Moreover, Catford (1965: 20) states that translation may be defined as the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL) Similar definition is also mentioned by Larson (1984: 3) He says that translation consists of translating the meaning of the source language into the receptor language This is done by going from the form of the first language to the form of a second language by way of semantic structure It is meaning which is being transferred and must be held constant Only the form change Wilss said that “Translation is a procedure which leads from a written SL text to an optimally equivalent TL text, and which requires the syntactic, semantic, stylistic, and text pragmatic comprehension by the translator of the original text.” Often it is rendering meaning of signs, symbols (both verbal and non-verbal) by means of other signs, symbols in the same language or in other languages Common sense tells us that this ought to be simple, as one ought to be able to say something as well in one language as in another On the other hand, it may be seen as complicated, artificial and fraudulent, since by using another language, the language user may be pretending to be someone he/she is not Hence, working in translation has its own interests and its own excitement Since a translator works on a text, he/she is always trying to extent his/her knowledge and improve his/her means of expression, he/she is always pursuing facts and words, so a satisfactory translation is always possible, but a perfect or ideal translated version may never be obtained To sum up, any authors brings students deep understandings about certain sides of technical translation By reading carefully, translators can get a complete theory in this phenomenon In fact, most of them pay attention to common ways to have a good translation 2.1.2 Translation methods Translation methods are ways of translating for the widest range of texts or text categories They provide a framework of principles, restricted rules and hints for translating texts and criticizing translations, a background for problem-solving Newmark (1988) suggests translation methods divided into two main groups called semantic translation and communicative translation Newmark put these methods in the form of a flattened V diagram: SL emphasis TL emphasis Word-by-word translation Adaption Literal translation Free translation Faithful translation Idiomatic translation Semantic translation Communicative translation 2.1.2.1 Word-by-word translation Word-by-word translation is interlinear translation in which words are translated by their most common meanings, out of context The SL word order is preserved 2.1.2.2 Literal translation In literal translation method, lexical words are again translated singly, out of context The SL grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest equivalent 2.1.2.3 Faithful translation A faithful translation attempts to reproduce precise contextual meaning within TL grammatical structures It transfers cultural words and preserves the grammatical and lexical abnormality 2.1.2.4 Semantic translation Semantic translation is somehow similar to faithful translation However it takes more account of the aesthetic value of SL text It is more flexible, less dogmatic than faithful translation Semantic translation admits the creative exception and makes some small concessions to the readership 2.1.2.5 Communicative translation Communicative translation attempts to the exact contextual meaning of the original in such a way that both language and content are readily acceptable and comprehensible to the readership 2.1.2.6 Idiomatic translation Idiomatic translation reproduces the message of the original but tends to distort nuances of meaning by preferring colloquialisms and idioms 2.1.2.7 Free translation This reproduces the matter without the manner, or the content without the form of the original Usually, it is a paraphrase much longer than the original 2.1.2.8 Adaption translation Adaption translation is the freest form of translation mainly used for plays and poetry: themes, characters, plots preserved, SL culture converted to TL culture and text is rewritten 2.1.2.9 Function of translation Translation functions as a means of communication and information transferring It is used for multilingual notices in public places, for instructions issued by companies, for technical staffs where it is too often produced from the native into the foreign language by natives as a matter of nation pride, for official documents such as treaties and contracts, for reports, papers, articles, correspondence, textbooks or for technical documents of for advertisement, bidding folio, studying specific materials, etc to convey information, advice and recommendations for every branch of knowledge Its volume has increased with the rise of new technology, the increase in the number of new inventions in science and the growth of the terminology In the field of paint, sometimes we read a technical document, it is really a meaningful word for the daily conversation but it cannot be applied for the technical matter For example the word “Heavy duty”, may be understood “Nhiệm vụ nặng nề”, but in all paint documents, we must understand like “Industrial paint” And this well-known example is repeatedly reminded by all translators as a valuable experience of profession, especially when translating such “semi-technical” terms Translation is greatly demanded for the need of common understanding among companies and technicians Millions of books and texts translated everyday help to transfer ideas, notions, customs, and beliefs in the paint field to the others These are absorbed and considered in various directions and lead to the common agreement at different levels, either fully or partly accepted When the human language appears, translation becomes necessary and significant Translation becomes more important when all countries in the world have exchanged and cooperated together in variety aspects like culture, education, business, etc In order to meet the demand of the multilingual world’s development, it is required an appearance of a common language to be used It is really true in business when our country is in cooperation with foreign investors, contracts, email, agreements or conventions in English so it requires they have to be translated effectively Therefore, the role of translation was attached importantly to every field in society 2.2.Difficulties in translation in genaral and in contract translaion in particular a Difficulties in translation in genaral - Cultural issues: This is a very important issue, usually each country has different cultural characteristics, so when compiling or translating without understanding the culture of that country you will probably translate wrongly and make people misunderstand the meaning of the sentence Therefore, in order to translate a language into another one well, you need not only to improve your knowledge of the language, but also to understand the culture and customs of that country Once you understand your culture, you can confidently translate or interpret without fear of misunderstanding - Language: In each country, there are different ethnic groups, each ethnic group has its own language and expressions and this is an issue that translators or interpreters need to pay special attention For example, in Vietnam, the Kinh are different, but each region uses different dialects, forexample the word “father” refers to “bố” in the North but “ba” in the South Or if the writer or the original use slang, the translator should pay special attention to this issue Translation demands a deep understanding of both grammar and culture Translators need to know the rules of a language as well as the habits of the people who speak it And even for the most experienced professionals, confusion and frustration are familiar feelings Common challenges of translation +Language Structure Every language sits inside a defined structure with its own agreed upon rules The complexity and singularity of this framework directly correlates to the difficulty of translation A simple sentence in English has a subject, verb, and object — in that order For example, “she eats pizza.” But not every language shares this structure Farsi typically follows a sequence of subject, then object, then verb And in Arabic, subject pronouns actually become part of the verb itself As a result, translators frequently have to add, remove, and rearrange source words to effectively communicate in the target language +Idioms and expressions Idiomatic expressions explain something by way of unique examples or figures of speech And most importantly, the meaning of these peculiar phrases cannot be predicted by the literal definitions of the words it contains Many linguistic professionals insist that idioms are the most difficult items to translate In fact, idioms are routinely cited as a problem machine translation engines will never fully solve Ideally, publishers should try to limit the number of idiomatic expressions contained in content they hope to translate But if they insist on keeping these potentially confusing phrases, cultural familiarity must be a priority in translator recruitment +Compound Words Compound words are formed by combining two or more words together, but the overall meaning of the compound word may not reflect the meaning of its component words It’s usually best to think of them in terms of three separate groups The first group of compound words mean exactly what they say “Airport,” “crosswalk,” and “seashore,” are all familiar examples.The second group of compound words mean only half of what they say — at least in a literal sense While a “bookworm” may enjoy burrowing into a good story, these avid readers don’t suddenly become an invertebrate species in the process The third group of compound words have meanings that have nothing to with the meanings of the individual words involved For instance, the English “deadline” refers to the final acceptable time to receive or deliver something It has nothing to with death or a line And a “butterfly” is neither a fly nor butter +Missing Names A language may not have an exact match for a certain action or object that exists in another language In American English, for instance, some homeowners have what they describe as a “guest room.” It is simply a space where their invited guests can sleep for the night This concept is common in other languages as well, but often expressed quite differently Greeks describe it with the single word “ksnona” while their Italian neighbors employ a three-word phrase “camera per gliospiti” instead +Two-Word Verbs Sometimes a verb and a preposition will take on a separate, specific meaning when used together Two-word verbs are common in informal English “Look up,” “close up,” “fill out,” “shut up,” “bring up,” “break down” and “break in” are everyday examples In many cases, though, it is neither necessary nor appropriate to translate the preposition separately +Multiple Meanings The same word may mean multiple things depending on where it’s placed and how it’s used in a sentence This phenomenon typically follows one of two patterns There are homonyms (i.e Scale the fish before weighing it on the scale), which look and sound alike but are defined differently And then there are heteronyms (i.e I drove down the windy road on a windy day), which look alike but are defined and pronounced differently Sarcasm Sarcasm is a sharp, bitter, or cutting style of expression that usually means the opposite of its literal phrasing Sarcasm frequently loses its meaning when translated word-for-word into another language and can often cause unfortunate misunderstandings Ideally, a publisher would remove sarcasm from the source text prior to translation But in cases where that style is central to the content requirements, the publisher should explicitly underscore sarcastic passages That way, translators will have a chance to avoid literal misunderstandings and suggest a local idiom that may work better in the target language b Difficulties in contract translation The process Translation per se is already a complex process that involves so many specific skills However, translating legal documents is more exacting, as the ramifications of even the slightest of mistakes will involve a complex legal process, notwithstanding the financial costs, for it to be reversed There are some things to keep in mind when doing legal translation The source text is structured to follow the legal system that conforms to its own legal language and culture The target text on the other hand will be read by another person that is familiar with another language and legal system There should be clearly defined duties and rights for all organizations and individuals concerned when creating the translation It should ensure that these are delivered precisely in the source and target texts Likewise it should be remembered that the linguistic structures of the source language might not have direct equivalents in the target language, thus it is the responsibility of the translator to find a suitable language structure that is similar to the source text Legal issues Legal translation carries strict deadlines, because when the translated documents are needed particularly in court, a delay might render the document null and void Confidentiality is an issue because almost all legal documents contain sensitive data Lawyers constantly face the contrasting world of the real legal life and the ideal look of the law, which is actually an assortment of numerous precedents that are still subject to general interpretation, and not by permanent statutes Lawyers, when dealing with international legal problems have to deal with words that should be accurately written, which depend on good sentence structure, syntax and word selection That is the reason why legal translators should have the necessary experience and knowledge of legal terminologies of both the source and target languages An international lawyer will depend on the expertise of a translator to have foreign documents translated into his own language More difficult form of translation Translating legal documents in foreign languages are considered more difficult than other technical translations The legal terminology is what makes it difficult because each country has its own legal terminology as well as legal system More often than not, this is also different from another country even if the language they speak is identical Translator requirements A legal translator must have the competencies in three areas: competency in the target language's particular writing style, familiarity with the pertinent terminology and general knowledge of the legal systems of the source and target languages There is no room for word for word translation when translating legal documents Due to this, the professional translator of legal documents must be part detective, legal scholar and linguist with the amount of research work that needs to be done to be able to decode the source and write its actual meaning that will never, in any circumstances, deviate from the originate content, even if an exact translation is not possible Likewise, the translator must understand where the translation is to be used as this will affect the approach when translating the document It definitely affects several parameters, including tone or register, syntax, phraseology and terminology When the source text is not well written, it is also the job of the translator to decide whether to translate it into something vague as the original or make it meaningful, which could be the case but was hampered by poor writing Legal document translation is such a demanding task It requires professional legal translators that have the right academic background, and are backed by years of legal translation expertise 2.4 Analysis contract translation in Manh Hung limited company 2.4.1 Department involve in Marketing Department is incharge of translating as well as other foreign affair activities Miss .in particular is manager of Marketing Department, who guilded and supervised me throuht the whole internship period With the member of six people, Marketing Department with the head of Ms and the union of other mambers contribute very important part that helps company developted 2.4.2 Analysis Process of contract translaion in company The company has both domestic market and foreign market However, the domestic market accounts for more than foreign market Chart 2.4 The market structure of the company Source: Business result statement Through chart 2.4, we find that the domestic market accounts for 75% of the foreign market It’s shown that percentage of high quality members in English skill is low 2.4.3 Effective and limited CHAPTER III: EXPERIENCE GAINED FROM THE INTERNSHIP After .weeks of internship at Manh Hung Company, I gained lots of precious experience First of all, I had opotunity to experience contract translaion It is not an easy task at all I have to improve my new words firsly in legal documents then new words in construction and commerce which I’m very bad at Secondly, although using English in Manh Hung company wasn’t taken much but I had chance to listen to them when they were on the phone with customers I myselft founded out my level of listening skill I know I have to train a lot Sometimes they communicated with me in English that improve my reflaction in speaking English Typing English document is one of the most neccessary skill in work  ... OVERVIEW OF MANH HUNG LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY 1.1 Overview of Manh Hung limited liability Company 1.1.1 Foundation and development of Manh Hung limited liability Company Full company name: Manh Hung... grammar, and etc especially in the translation theories However, to avoid surprise after school, the school has created the conditions for final year students we have access to the fact, which... the opportunity for us to have access to practice, apply the theories they have learned in the school, promote the idea that in the learning process is not performed During this time, we have