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The Sun to the Earth and Beyond: A Decadal
Research Strategy in Solar and Space Physics
Solar and Space Physics Survey Committee, National
Research Council
The Sun to the Earth
—and Beyond
A Decadal Research Strategy in
Solar and Space Physics
Solar and Space Physics Survey Committee
Committee on Solar and Space Physics
Space Studies Board
Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
The Sun to the Earth and Beyond: A Decadal Research Strategy in Solar and Space Physics
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10477.html
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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Govern-
ing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the
councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineer-
ing, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for
the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropri-
ate balance.
Support for this project was provided by Contract NASW 96013 and NASW 01001
between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Purchase Order
No. 40-AA-NR-111308, National Science Foundation Grant No. ATM-0109283,
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Cover:
The background photo is of the aurora borealis as viewed from the vicinity
of Fairbanks, Alaska. The three figures in the inset show the magnetically structured
plasma of the Sun’s million-degree corona (left); the plasmasphere, a cloud of low-
energy plasma that surrounds Earth and co-rotates with it (top right); and an artist’s
conception of Jupiter’s inner magnetosphere, with the Io plasma torus and the
magnetic flux tubes that couple the planet’s upper atmosphere with the magneto-
sphere. Ground-based aurora photo courtesy of Jan Curtis; coronal image courtesy
of the Stanford-Lockheed Institute for Space Research and NASA; plasmasphere
image courtesy of the IMAGE EUV team and NASA; rendering of the jovian mag-
netosphere courtesy of J.R. Spencer (Lowell Observatory).
Copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth
Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, D.C. 20055, (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-
3313 in the Washington metropolitan area. Internet, http://www.nap.edu
Copies of this report are available free of charge from:
Space Studies Board
National Research Council
500 Fifth Street, NW
Washington, DC 20001
Copyright 2003 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
The Sun to the Earth and Beyond: A Decadal Research Strategy in Solar and Space Physics
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10477.html
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society
of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated
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technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of
Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of
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Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of
the National Research Council.
www.national-academies.org
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
The Sun to the Earth and Beyond: A Decadal Research Strategy in Solar and Space Physics
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10477.html
iv
RECENT REPORTS OF THE SPACE STUDIES BOARD
Satellite Observations of the Earth’s Environment: Accelerating the Transition of
Research to Operations (2003)
Assessment of the Usefulness and Availability of NASA’s Earth and Space Mission
Data (2002)
Factors Affecting the Utilization of the International Space Station for Research in
the Biological and Physical Sciences (prepublication) (2002)
Life in the Universe: An Assessment of U.S. and International Programs in
Astrobiology (prepublication) (2002)
New Frontiers in the Solar System: An Integrated Exploration Strategy
(prepublication) (2002)
Review of NASA’s Earth Science Enterprise Applications Program Plan (2002)
“Review of the Redesigned Space Interferometry Mission (SIM)” (2002)
Safe on Mars: Precursor Measurements Necessary to Support Human Operations
on the Martian Surface (2002)
Toward New Partnerships in Remote Sensing: Government, the Private Sector, and
Earth Science Research (2002)
Using Remote Sensing in State and Local Government: Information for
Management and Decision Making (prepublication) (2002)
Assessment of Mars Science and Mission Priorities (prepublication) (2001)
The Mission of Microgravity and Physical Sciences Research at NASA (2001)
The Quarantine and Certification of Martian Samples (prepublication) (2001)
Readiness Issues Related to Research in the Biological and Physical Sciences on
the International Space Station (2001)
“Scientific Assessment of the Descoped Mission Concept for the Next Generation
Space Telescope (NGST)” (2001)
Signs of Life: A Report Based on the April 2000 Workshop on Life Detection
Techniques (prepublication) (2001)
Transforming Remote Sensing Data into Information and Applications (2001)
U.S. Astronomy and Astrophysics: Managing an Integrated Program (2001)
Copies of these reports are available free of charge from:
Space Studies Board
The National Academies
500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001
(202) 334-3477
ssb@nas.edu
www.nationalacademies.org/ssb/ssb.html
NOTE: Listed according to year of approval for release.
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
The Sun to the Earth and Beyond: A Decadal Research Strategy in Solar and Space Physics
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10477.html
v
SOLAR AND SPACE PHYSICS SURVEY COMMITTEE
LOUIS J. LANZEROTTI, Lucent Technologies,
Chair
ROGER L. ARNOLDY, University of New Hampshire
FRAN BAGENAL, University of Colorado at Boulder
DANIEL N. BAKER, University of Colorado at Boulder
JAMES L. BURCH, Southwest Research Institute
JOHN C. FOSTER, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
PHILIP R. GOODE, Big Bear Solar Observatory
RODERICK A. HEELIS, University of Texas, Dallas
MARGARET G. KIVELSON, University of California, Los Angeles
WILLIAM H. MATTHAEUS, University of Delaware
FRANK B. McDONALD, University of Maryland
EUGENE N. PARKER, University of Chicago
,
Professor Emeritus
GEORGE C. REID, University of Colorado at Boulder
ROBERT W. SCHUNK, Utah State University
ALAN M. TITLE, Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center
ARTHUR CHARO, Study Director
WILLIAM S. LEWIS,
1
Consultant
THERESA M. FISHER, Senior Program Assistant
1
On temporary assignment from Southwest Research Institute.
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
The Sun to the Earth and Beyond: A Decadal Research Strategy in Solar and Space Physics
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10477.html
vi
PANEL ON THE SUN AND HELIOSPHERIC PHYSICS
JOHN T. GOSLING, Los Alamos National Laboratory,
Chair
ALAN M. TITLE, Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center,
Vice Chair
TIMOTHY S. BASTIAN, National Radio Astronomy Observatory
EDWARD W. CLIVER, Air Force Research Laboratory
JUDITH T. KARPEN, Naval Research Laboratory
JEFFREY R. KUHN, University of Hawaii
MARTIN A. LEE, University of New Hampshire
RICHARD A. MEWALDT, California Institute of Technology
VICTOR PIZZO, NOAA Space Environment Center
JURI TOOMRE, University of Colorado at Boulder
THOMAS H. ZURBUCHEN, University of Michigan
PANEL ON SOLAR WIND AND MAGNETOSPHERE INTERACTIONS
CHRISTOPHER T. RUSSELL, University of California, Los Angeles,
Chair
JOACHIM BIRN, Los Alamos National Laboratory,
Vice Chair
BRIAN J. ANDERSON, Johns Hopkins University
JAMES L. BURCH, Southwest Research Institute
JOSEPH F. FENNELL, Aerospace Corporation
STEPHEN A. FUSELIER, Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center
MICHAEL HESSE, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
WILLIAM S. KURTH, University of Iowa
JANET G. LUHMANN, University of California, Berkeley
MARK MOLDWIN, University of California, Los Angeles
HARLAN E. SPENCE, Boston University
MICHELLE F. THOMSEN, Los Alamos National Laboratory
PANEL ON ATMOSPHERE-IONOSPHERE-MAGNETOSPHERE
INTERACTIONS
MICHAEL C. KELLEY, Cornell University,
Chair
MARY K. HUDSON, Dartmouth College,
Vice Chair
DANIEL N. BAKER, University of Colorado at Boulder
THOMAS E. CRAVENS, University of Kansas
TIMOTHY J. FULLER-ROWELL, University of Colorado at Boulder
MAURA E. HAGAN, National Center for Atmospheric Research
UMRAN S. INAN, Stanford University
TIMOTHY L. KILLEEN, National Center for Atmospheric Research
CRAIG KLETZING, University of Iowa
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
The Sun to the Earth and Beyond: A Decadal Research Strategy in Solar and Space Physics
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10477.html
vii
JANET U. KOZYRA, University of Michigan
ROBERT LYSAK, University of Minnesota
GEORGE C. REID, University of Colorado at Boulder
HOWARD J. SINGER, NOAA Space Environment Center
ROGER W. SMITH, University of Alaska
PANEL ON THEORY, MODELING, AND DATA EXPLORATION
GARY P. ZANK, University of California, Riverside,
Chair
DAVID G. SIBECK,
1
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,
Vice Chair
SPIRO K. ANTIOCHOS, Naval Research Laboratory
RICHARD S. BOGART, Stanford University
JAMES F. DRAKE, JR., University of Maryland
ROBERT E. ERGUN, University of Colorado at Boulder
JACK R. JOKIPII, University of Arizona
JON A. LINKER, Science Applications International Corporation
WILLIAM LOTKO, Dartmouth College
JOACHIM RAEDER, University of California, Los Angeles
ROBERT W. SCHUNK, Utah State University
PANEL ON EDUCATION AND SOCIETY
RAMON E. LOPEZ, University of Texas, El Paso,
Chair
MARK ENGEBRETSON, Augsburg College,
Vice Chair
FRAN BAGENAL, University of Colorado
CRAIG DEFOREST, Southwest Research Institute
PRISCILLA FRISCH, University of Chicago
DALE E. GARY, New Jersey Institute of Technology
MAUREEN HARRIGAN, Agilent Technologies
ROBERTA M. JOHNSON, National Center for Atmospheric Research
STEPHEN P. MARAN, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
TERRANCE ONSAGER, NOAA Space Environment Center
1
Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory until summer 2002.
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
The Sun to the Earth and Beyond: A Decadal Research Strategy in Solar and Space Physics
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10477.html
viii
COMMITTEE ON SOLAR AND SPACE PHYSICS
JAMES L. BURCH, Southwest Research Institute,
Chair
JAMES F. DRAKE, University of Maryland
STEPHEN A. FUSELIER, Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center
MARY K. HUDSON, Dartmouth College
MARGARET G. KIVELSON, University of California, Los Angeles
CRAIG KLETZING, University of Iowa
FRANK B. McDONALD, University of Maryland
EUGENE N. PARKER, University of Chicago, Professor Emeritus
ROBERT W. SCHUNK, Utah State University
GARY P. ZANK, University of California, Riverside
ARTHUR CHARO, Study Director
THERESA M. FISHER, Senior Program Assistant
NOTE: Members listed are those who served during the survey study period in 2001-2002.
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
The Sun to the Earth and Beyond: A Decadal Research Strategy in Solar and Space Physics
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10477.html
ix
SPACE STUDIES BOARD
JOHN H. McELROY, University of Texas at Arlington (retired),
Chair
ROGER P. ANGEL, University of Arizona
JAMES P. BAGIAN, Veterans Health Administration’s National Center for
Patient Safety
ANA P. BARROS, Harvard University
RETA F. BEEBE, New Mexico State University
ROGER D. BLANDFORD, California Institute of Technology
JAMES L. BURCH, Southwest Research Institute
RADFORD BYERLY, JR., University of Colorado at Boulder
ROBERT E. CLELAND, University of Washington
HOWARD M. EINSPAHR, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research
Institute
STEVEN H. FLAJSER, Loral Space and Communications Ltd.
MICHAEL FREILICH, Oregon State University
DON P. GIDDENS, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University
RALPH H. JACOBSON, The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory (retired)
MARGARET G. KIVELSON, University of California, Los Angeles
CONWAY LEOVY, University of Washington
BRUCE D. MARCUS, TRW, Inc. (retired)
HARRY Y. McSWEEN, JR., University of Tennessee
GEORGE A. PAULIKAS, The Aerospace Corporation (retired)
ANNA-LOUISE REYSENBACH, Portland State University
ROALD S. SAGDEEV, University of Maryland
CAROLUS J. SCHRIJVER, Lockheed Martin
ROBERT J. SERAFIN, National Center for Atmospheric Research
MITCHELL SOGIN, Marine Biological Laboratory
C. MEGAN URRY, Yale University
PETER VOORHEES, Northwestern University
J. CRAIG WHEELER, University of Texas at Austin
JOSEPH K. ALEXANDER, Director
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
The Sun to the Earth and Beyond: A Decadal Research Strategy in Solar and Space Physics
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10477.html
[...].. .The Sun to the Earth and Beyond: A Decadal Research Strategy in Solar and Space Physics http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10477.html Copyright © National Academy of Sciences All rights reserved The Sun to the Earth and Beyond: A Decadal Research Strategy in Solar and Space Physics http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10477.html Preface The Sun to the Earth and Beyond: A Decadal Research Strategy in Solar and Space. .. reserved The Sun to the Earth and Beyond: A Decadal Research Strategy in Solar and Space Physics http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10477.html xii PREFACE discusses the role of solar and space physics research in education and examines the productive cross-fertilization that has occurred between solar and space physics and related fields, in particular astrophysics and laboratory plasma physics Each of the five... curricula If solar and space physics is to have a healthy presence in academia, additional faculty members will be needed to guide student research (both undergraduate and graduate), to teach solar and space physics graduate programs, and to integrate topics in solar and space physics into basic physics and astronomy classes Recommendation: The NSF and NASA should jointly establish a program of “bridged... processes important to solar and space physics. 2 Recommendation: The NSF and NASA should take the lead and other interested agencies should collaborate in supporting, via the proposal and funding processes, increased interactions between researchers in Copyright © National Academy of Sciences All rights reserved The Sun to the Earth and Beyond: A Decadal Research Strategy in Solar and Space Physics http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10477.html... magnetosphere The response of Earth s magnetosphere to variations in the solar wind was clearly revealed by an international flotilla of more than a dozen spacecraft and by the first neutral-atom and extreme-ultraviolet imaging of ener- 1 Copyright © National Academy of Sciences All rights reserved The Sun to the Earth and Beyond: A Decadal Research Strategy in Solar and Space Physics http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10477.html... disciplinary boundaries and that are relevant to all of the subdisciplines of solar and space physics The Panel on Education and Society examined a variety of issues related to both formal and informal education, including the incorporation of solar and space physics content in science instruction at all levels, the training of solar and space physicists at colleges and universities, and public outreach The. .. National Academy of Sciences All rights reserved The Sun to the Earth and Beyond: A Decadal Research Strategy in Solar and Space Physics http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10477.html EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Data acquisition and availability During the coming decade, gigabytes of data could be available every day for incorporation into physics- based data assimilation models of the solar- terrestrial environment and into... The Sun to the Earth and Beyond: A Decadal Research Strategy in Solar and Space Physics http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10477.html EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ronment Ongoing NSF programs and facilities in solar and space physics, two complementary mission lines in the NASA Sun- Earth Connection program the Solar Terrestrial Probes (STP) for basic research and Living With a Star (LWS) for targeted basic research and. .. Recommendation: Existing NOAA and DOD facilities should be expanded to accommodate the large-scale integration of space- and ground-based data sets into physics- based models of the geospace environment Copyright © National Academy of Sciences All rights reserved 11 The Sun to the Earth and Beyond: A Decadal Research Strategy in Solar and Space Physics http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10477.html 12 THE SUN TO THE. .. for the continuance of space- based measurements such as solar wind data from the L1 location as well as near Earth and for distribution of the data for operational use.4 Recommendation: NASA and NOAA should initiate the necessary planning to transition solar and geospace imaging instrumentation into operational programs for the public and private sectors Transition from research to operations Means . personal PDFs are available immediately.
The Sun to the Earth and Beyond: A Decadal
Research Strategy in Solar and Space Physics
Solar and Space Physics. Committee, National
Research Council
The Sun to the Earth
and Beyond
A Decadal Research Strategy in
Solar and Space Physics
Solar and Space Physics Survey
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