* Grammar: I Types of Sentence ( Các kiểu câu ) Câu đơn (Simple Sentence) Câu đơn gì? Câu đơn tiếng anh câu ch ỉ có mệnh đề độc lập (“Mệnh đề câu hồn chỉnh phải có chủ ngữ (S) động từ (V)”) E.g.: My hobby is horse-riding * Một câu đơn có nhiều chủ ngữ E.g.: John and Mary were sad * Một câu đơn có nhiều động từ E.g.: Smith ate noodle and drank coffee Compound sentence: Compound sentence gì? Một câu ghép tiếng anh gồm hai mệnh đề độc lập nối với liên từ nối cặp t n ối Để xác định liệu mệnh đề có phải mệnh đề độc lập không ta lược bỏ liên t E.g.: Smith ate noodle and John drank coffee → Smith ate noodle (Mệnh đề độc lập) → John drank coffee (Mệnh đề độc lập) E.g.: Smith ate noodle and drank coffee → Smith ate noodle (Mệnh đề độc lập) → drank coffee (khơng phải Mệnh đề khơng có chủ ngữ ) * Một câu ghép kết nối bằng: a) dấu phẩy, chấm phẩy dấu hai chấm E.g.: I met David yesterday; he’s just come out of hospital (Hôm qua gặp David; vừa khỏi bệnh viện.) b) liên từ kết hợp như: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So (FANBOYS) … Complex Sentences (câu phức) - Có mệnh đề độc lập (independent clause) hay nhiều mệnh đề phụ (dependent clause)(nhưng thường mệnh đề phụ) Hai mệnh đề thường nối với dấu phẩy liên từ phụ thuộc E.g.: When I came, they were watching TV We'll go out if the rain stops Một số liên từ phụ thuộc: After,although,as,as if,as long as,as much as,as soon as,as though…… Compound-Complex Sentences (hoặc Mixed Sentences) (câu phức tổng hợp) Là câu có mệnh đề mệnh đề phụ Ví dụ: Although I like camping, I haven’t had the time to go lately, and I haven’t found anyone to go with * Bảng liên từ cách dùng Coordinating Conjunctions (liên từ kết hợp) dùng câu ghép - and: - but : - or : hoặc, không Correlative Conjunctions (liên từ tương quan - either or: hoặc I will either go for a walk or read a book (Hoặc dạo đọc sách) E.g.: You should study hard for this exam or you can fail - neither nor: không…cũng không… (Bạn nên học chăm không bạn thi rớt) Anh ta giàu nơi tiếng cả) - nor: mà không - not only but also: …mà còn… => S + V (dạng phủ định) , nor + auxiliary verb (trợ động từ) + S + V He is neither rich nor famous ( She is not only clever, but also beautiful (Cô ta không Subordinating Conjunctions (liên từ phụ thuộc) dùng câu phức after: sau before: trước although/though/ even though: as long as: miễn as soon as: because /since/as: so that / in order that : If: even if: kể E.g.: She doesn’t like apple, nor does she like banana.= She doesn’t like apple and she doesn’t like banana ( Cơ khơng thích táo mà khơng thích chuối) for : yet = but so : thơng minh mà cịn xinh đep) - both and: vừa vừa… He is both intelligent and goodnatured (Anh ta vừa thông minh vừa tốt bụng) unless: không until: when/ as: where: nơi while: - whether or: liệu ….hay… Have you decided whether you will come or not? (Bạn đa định liệu bạn có đến hay khơng chưa?) - scarcely…when = no sooner … than: khi…thì I had scarcely walked in the door when I got the call (Ngay vừa vào cửa tơi có gọi) - would rather… than : thà…còn I would rather go to the cinema than go to the library (Tôi xem phim đến thư viện) * Lưu ý: cấu trúc với neither…nor either…or, động từ chia theo chủ ngữ gần ; cấu trúc với both…and not only …but also, động từ chia theo chủ ngữ kép (là danh từ trước đó.) Ví dụ: Neither my mother nor I am going to attend his party (cả me không tham gia bữa tiệc) Both my mother and I are going to attend his party (both my mother and I = We) (Cả me tơi tham gia bữa tiệc) • Bài tập: I Hãy xác định đâu câu đơn, câu ghép câu ph ức 10 câu tiếng Anh liệt kê bên The training rooms of these college athletes smell of grease and gasoline Their practice field is a stretch of asphalt, and their heroes make a living driving cars 3 Their tools are screwdrivers and spanners rather than basketballs and footballs This new brand of college athlete is involved in the sport of auto racing Most of the students are engineering majors, and they devote every minute of their spare time to their sport Although the sport is new, it has already attracted six collegiate teams in the Southeast The students work on special cars designed for their sport The cars are called Legends cars, models of Fords and Chevys from 1932 to 1934, and they are refitted by the students with 1200 cc motorcycle engines Although their usual speed ranges from 50 to 90 miles an hour, Legends cars can move up to 100 miles an hour on a straightaway 10 The Saturday morning races of the competing teams have attracted as many as 3,500 fans, but the students concede they are no threat to the nation's fastest growing sport of stock car racing II The Da Nang Interenational Fireworks Festival is very famous and amazing; , it has attracted thousands of foreign and domestic visitors A therefore B because C while School children like Tet because it is a long holiday; , they can also receive a lot of lucky money on the occasion A and B otherwise C moreover you have chance to visit Khanh Hoa, you should join Nha Trang Sea Festival celebrated in June A So B If C While I went to Le Mat festival last year, I didn't taste any snakes there A and B but C or The Kate festival is celebrated to commemorate the Cham heroes, it's also a chance for the local to relax and meet one another A because B although C and III Nối câu với liên từ thích hợp: neither … nor but and so either … or 1.People should not throw rubbish in the park People should not cut down the trees in the park => Mould and mildew can cause health problems We need to remove any growth regularly => For a start, we should use renewable resources We should also consume more organic food => Modern household appliances make our life more convenient Some of them are not eco-friendly and cause pollution => We should not waste paper We should not cut down any trees either => IV Sử dụng liên từ câu để tạo thành câu ph ức: so that we can reduce energy consumption and air pollution if they are aware of their high exhaust emissions because we keep polluting our rivers, seas and oceans when this will help to save energy although black carbon particles are released into the air 1.We should use recycled materials => 2.More and more aquatic animals will die => 3.Levels of soot pollution increase => Some farmers still use old diesel trucks => We should walk or cycle more often => IV 1.The boys are playing games, the girls are watching TV A so B nor C and 2.I tried my best in the final test, the result was not as good as I expected A but B so C for 3.He lost the key, he couldn't get into the house A yet B or C so 4.She loves comedies, her husband is interested in action films A for B yet C or 5.You must well in the test, you will not graduate A so B or C for Pop music is so popular, the melody is simple and memorable A for B so C and I should practice more for the competition, _ my health hasn't been excellent recently A and B so C but You can go to the movies with me, you can go to the concert alone A and B or C so V 1.The boy didn't like to go to school He went anyway A The boy didn't like to go to school, so he went anyway B The boy hated to go to school, yet he went anyway C The boy hated to go to school, and he went anyway I am planning to visit Korea I have started to save some money A I am planning to visit Korea, but I have started to save some money B I have a plan to visit Korea, nor have I started to save some money C I have made a plan to visit Korea, so I have started to save some money The first season of Vietnam Idol aired on VTV in 2007 The fifth season aired in 2013 A The first season of Vietnam Idol aired on VTV in 2007, and the fifth one aired in 2013 B The first season of Vietnam Idol aired on VTV in 2007, but the fifth season aired in 2013 C The first season of Vietnam Idol aired on VTV in 2007, for the fifth season aired in 2013 4.My uncle can play volleyball He can't play basketball A My uncle can play football, so he can play basketball B My uncle can play volleyball, nor can he play basketball C My uncle can play volleyball, but he can't play basketball 5.Let's go to the swimming pool It's so hot today A Let's go to the swimming pool, for it's so hot today B Let's go to the swimming pool, so it's very hot today C Let's go to the swimming pool, and it's so hot today You can call the manager directly You can email him A You can call the manager directly, or you can email him B You can call the manager directly, for you can email him C You can email the manager, so you can call him directly 7.She sang beautifully At the end of her performance, she got a big round of applause from the audience A She sang beautifully, yet at the end of her performance, she got a big round of applause from the audience B She sang beautifully, for at the end of her performance, she got a big round of applause from the audience C She sang beautifully, so at the end of her performance, she got a big round of applause from the audience It is raining very hard The children are still playing football A It is raining very hard, for the children are still playing football B It is raining very hard, yet the children are still playing football C It's raining very hard, so the children are still playing football VI Compound Sentences - Xác định câu Đúng hay Sai Decide whether the following sentences are Correct or Incorrect (Xác định câu sau (Correct) hay sai (Incorrect)) He was a gifted song-writer, but he had to suffer poor health Correct Incorrect Katherine doesn't like the main characters of that movie, nor she likes its plot Correct Incorrect Pitt has just put two new batteries in the toy car, yet it is not running Correct Incorrect Mary was tired, yet we stopped for a rest Correct Incorrect Maybe it is caused by human error, and maybe it is totally a coincidence Correct Incorrect You've been waiting for too long You should go home, and I will ask Sally to talk to you later Correct Incorrect 7 I stayed in San Francisco for two years, so that I can recommend some really nice sites Correct Incorrect Because my mother is busy this week, so my father is going to my cousin's wedding Correct Incorrect VII Compound Sentences - Điền liên từ phù hợp vào ch ỗ trống Fill in the blanks with coordinating conjunctions: and, or, but, so, yet, for, nor Daniel tried to read a book in Thai, …………………… it was too difficult Will you pick me up after work, ……………………… will I take the bus? My grandfather is quite old, ………… he exercises more regularly than I My holiday will be an all-inclusive one, ……………… I don't know much about the city Did he design the house himself, ……………… did he have it designed by an architect? My mother gave me some money, …………… she also gave me a new dress for Tet She never came to see him, ……………… did she leave him any money I had failed the driving test once, …………… I was very nervous yesterday VIII: Tìm từ sai thừa câu Determine ONE wrong/ redundant word in each sentence (Xác định MỘT từ sai/ thừa câu sau.) 1.She doesn't like the car toy, nor does she likes the Teddy bear 2.There were no online tickets left, so that we had to come to the box office 3.Turn off all the lights and the TV, or lock the door before you leave 4.She'd like to know what her mistakes are, so she wants to improve her pr onunciation 5.For this computer is broken, and you can use that tablet 6.That man looks like a kind guy you can count on, and he isn't He always gives others a hand if he can 7.You mustn't go to the box office to buy tickets, for they don't sell tickets online 8.The actor has been nominated for 10 Grammy Awards, yet he has won eig ht That's a greatachievement II Relative clause with which  Complete the following sentences using “which” and the words given Change the word forms or add some words if necessary some businesses and people / been environmentally irresponsible / lead / global warming / climate change => 2.green technology / use renewable resources / create / eco-friendly / products => 3.climate changes / affect crop harvests / cause / global / local / food shortages => 4.environmental pollution / put some species / danger of extinction / affect / species diversity / Earth => 5.everybody / should make an effort / go green / help / save / planet / future generations ... thuộc: After,although,as,as if,as long as,as much as,as soon as,as though…… Compound- Complex Sentences (hoặc Mixed Sentences) (câu phức tổng hợp) Là câu có mệnh đề mệnh đề phụ Ví dụ: Although... very hard, so the children are still playing football VI Compound Sentences - Xác định câu Đúng hay Sai Decide whether the following sentences are Correct or Incorrect (Xác định câu sau (Correct)...3 Complex Sentences (câu phức) - Có mệnh đề độc lập (independent clause) hay nhiều mệnh đề phụ (dependent