Mcgraw hill team bush leadership lessons from the bush white house ebook

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Mcgraw hill team bush leadership lessons from the bush white house ebook

Table of Contents BackCover Team Bush - Leadership Lessons from the Bush White House Birth of a Commander-in-Chief Part I: Building the Bush Team Chapter 1: The Making of an MBA President Making the MBA Man " Sky Decker " at Capitalism's West Point The " Teamwork " MBA Arbusto to the White House Chapter 2: The Bush Leadership Style Don't Start Without a Business Plan Make the Bureaucracy Fit Your Personality Establish Rules Early and Stick to Them Develop Your Own Leadership Style An Unusual Job Bush's Style Bush Lessons Chapter 3: The Teamwork Imperative Get Unfiltered Information Building Team Bush Nurture Talent and Get the Best from Them Bush Lessons Part II: Leading the Bush Way Chapter 4: Bush as Strategist Prepare Early: The First Steps Are Crucial Team Bush's Rules for Winning Develop a Playbook . . . and Execute It Respond to Crises, but Stick to the Plan Debate, Decide - and End the Debate You're Only as Good as Your Last Victory Bush Lessons Chapter 5: The Importance of Message Manage the Media Package the Story, Feed the Zoo Have a Story - and Stick to It Find Your Own Voice When Steering Through Crises Get Back on Message (Even If Events Pull You Off) Listen to the Polls, But Don't Be Ruled by Them Link Message with Discipline Bush Lessons Chapter 6: The Disciplined Chief Executive Exercise to Build Discipline On Time, All the Time Calibrate the " Loyalty Thermometer " Build on Pragmatism, Not Ideology Plugging Leaks Work Hard But Take Breaks (and Then Still Work Hard) Bush Lessons Chapter 7: Leveraging Assets Focus Your Power to Enhance Your Strength Don't Take Allies for Granted " It's About Control " Act Quickly, But Leave No Fingerprints Use Innovative Tactics to Maintain a Cohesive Team Focus on Results Outflank Critics - Quickly Shifting the Balance of Power Bush Lessons Part III: Teaming Up For the Future Chapter 8: Avoiding the Seven Deadly Leadership Traps 1. Painting Everyone with the Same Brush 2. Imposing Rigid Discipline that Stifles Deliberation and Debate 3. Allowing the Team to Unravel 4. Making Black-and-White Decisions in a Shades-of-Gray World 5. Losing Control of the Agenda 6. Driving Away Those Who Don't Share Your Vision 7. Losing Support of Important Outside Constituencies Bush Lessons Chapter 9: Winning the Expectations Game Playing the Expectations Game Build Capital to Spend It Build Narrow Support Into a Broad Base Use the Broad Base to Champion Policy EXAMPLE: The Bush Doctrine EXAMPLE: Economic Strategy Pluck and Luck: A Winning Combination Bush Lessons The Strength of a Leader Sources and Notes Birth of a Commander in Chief Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 The Strength of a Leader Index Index_B Index_C Index_D Index_E Index_F Index_G Index_H Index_I Index_J Index_K Index_L Index_M Index_N Index_O Index_P Index_R Index_S Index_T Index_U Index_V-W Index_Y Team Bush: Leadership Lessons from the Bush White House by Donald F. Kettl ISBN:0071416331 McGraw-Hill © 2003 (220 pages) This text is a portrait of the successes and occasional setbacks of George W. Bush in his first 2 years as U.S. President; it is also an examination of a leadership style based on team performance and knowledge. Table of Contents Team Bush—Leadership Lessons from the Bush White House Birth of a Commander-in-Chief Part I - Building the Bush Team Chapter 1 - The Making of an MBA President Chapter 2 - The Bush Leadership Style Chapter 3 - The Teamwork Imperative Part II - Leading the Bush Way Chapter 4 - Bush as Strategist Chapter 5 - The Importance of Message Chapter 6 - The Disciplined Chief Executive Chapter 7 - Leveraging Assets Part III - Teaming Up For the Future Chapter 8 - Avoiding the Seven Deadly Leadership Traps Chapter 9 - Winning the Expectations Game The Strength of a Leader Sources and Notes Index Back Cover Team Bush is a gripping portrait of George W. Bush at the helm, one that transcends politics to provide an inside look at the hands- on specifics of Bush’s aggressive yet pragmatic leadership style. This fast-paced yet powerful book explains how the Bush model can be used by any executive to streamline management and decision processes—and establishes a new standard for results-oriented leadership in the 21st century. About the Author Donald F. Kettl, Ph.D., is a professor of political science and public affairs at the Robert M. L Follette School of Public Affairs at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The executive director of The Century Foundation of Project on Federalism and Homeland Security, Dr. Kettl is also a nonresident senior fellow in governmental studies at the Brookings Institution and former director of the institution’s Center for Public Management. He has written, cowritten, or edited over a dozen books, including Deficit Politics and The Transformation of Governance. Team Bush—Leadership Lessons from the Bush White House Donald F. Kettl McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 DOC/DOC 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 ISBN 0-07-141633-1 First edition McGraw-Hill books are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please write to the Director of Special Sales, Professional Publishing, McGraw-Hill, Two Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121-2298. Or contact your local bookstore. This book is printed on recycled, acid-free paper containing a minimum of 50% recycled, de-inked fiber. Team Bush is not authorized, endorsed by, or affiliated with President George W. Bush. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kettl, Donald F. Team Bush : leadership lessons from the Bush White House / by Donald F. Kettl. p. cm. ISBN 0-07-141633-1 (alk. paper) 1. Leadership. 2. Political leadership. 3. Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946- 4. United States—Politics and government—2001– I. Title. HD57.7.K49 2003 303.3'4'092—dc21 2003000691 Acknowledgments This book had its genesis in a series of conversations with Jeffrey Krames at McGraw-Hill. He raised the key questions: What is George W. Bush’s style? How does it differ from the styles that other presidents have developed? Does it seem to work—for him and, just as importantly, for the country? The questions launched me down the winding road that ended in this book. I’m grateful indeed for his provocative suggestions and constant insights along the way. The book benefited enormously from conversations and interviews with a great many people, including both Washington insiders and experts who have long followed presidential politics. I’m especially indebted to extended conversations with Charles O. Jones (University of Wisconsin-Madison), Thomas Mann (Brookings Institution), William Eggers (Deloitte Research and manager of the Texas Performance Review during Bush’s governorship), and Vance McMahon (Bush’s gubernatorial policy adviser). In addition, I interviewed a number of experts who spoke on background and requested anonymity. They immeasurably enriched the book. Zachary Oberfield proved an untiring and unfailingly helpful researcher. He dug out important nuggets for the book—and he always proved a valued colleague in talking through the issues raised by Bush’s management style. He is a true professional in every respect. McGraw-Hill’s production staff was every author’s dream. I’m especially indebted to Tom Lau, who designed the book’s cover. He perfectly captured not only the Bush style but also the new blue-and-gold look that Bush brought to the Oval Office. Editing supervisor Scott Kurtz and production supervisor Maureen Harper flawlessly and painlessly managed the book’s production. Likewise, Patty Wallenburg’s typesetting was also exemplary and incredibly swift. I owe the greatest debts to my parents—who taught me first and best about what teamwork really means—and to my wife, Sue. She not only provided unflagging support through the writing but also remarkably keen insight into how best to frame the book’s themes. She is the best teammate an author (or husband) could ever have. Donald F. Kettl Birth of a Commander-in-Chief “This stuff about transformed? From my perspective, he is the same President Bush that I saw going through different issues in Texas. He’s always been decisive, he’s always been disciplined, he’s always been really focused, he’s always been a really good delegator.” —Karen Hughes, on the change in President Bush after September 11 Throughout his career as a political executive, George W. Bush has consistently exceeded expectations. Doing it once or twice might be lucky. Doing it over and over has to require real skill. What’s the secret? Bush has carefully honed a style, based on building an effective team, to make strong decisions. He doesn’t try to master the complexities of decisions. Rather, he builds a team, he makes them master the complexities, he has them frame the issues—and then he decides, firmly and without second thoughts. He’s ridden this style, over and over, to successes that have amazed his friends and stunned his foes. Consider a quick scorecard. Few analysts gave him a chance of unseating Texas Governor Ann Richards in 1994, yet he beat her in the race. Political handicappers gave him slim odds for a successful gubernatorial term, but he rolled to a huge victory in 1998. He explored a presidential run, but cynics suggested he wasn’t nearly smart enough to be the nation’s chief executive. When he won the nomination, Democrats relished the idea of Al Gore taking him on. One Republican insider, in fact, quietly whispered that watching Bush debate was like watching his 12-month-old daughter try to walk, “never knowing when she might fall on her face.” Bush astounded everyone by holding his own against the vice president. He rode his debate performance to a razor-thin presidential victory. When he got to Washington, insiders discounted the chance that he could accomplish anything. Most Americans doubted that Bush and congressional Democrats could put politics aside to work together. But he cobbled together enough votes to pass a big, 10-year tax cut. Even his friends were worried about how ready he’d be to make foreign policy decisions. During the campaign, BBC News asked bluntly, “Can nice guy George Junior shed his image as a political lightweight and demonstrate that he’s made of steel? Has he got what it takes for one of the most powerful jobs in the world?” But in the aftermath of the September 11 terrorist attacks, Bush rallied the country. When he threatened the Taliban in Afghanistan, skeptics pointed to the Russians’ devastating defeat in their own war with that country. Analysts warned that Bush’s plan might draw the United States into another Vietnam. Bush attacked anyway. Within weeks the Taliban [...]... was a bridge to the 21st century—but that the presidency of George W Bush was on the other side Whether that is history’s judgment— or whether Bush, like Clinton, ends up as another transitional figure en route to yet another new reality—depends on how Bush uses his style to shape the nation’s policy What’s the core of the Bush style? Is it his training as an MBA? After all, Bush is the nation’s first... have used their state politics background to fashion more successful presidencies—Ronald Reagan from the right, Bill Clinton from the left (until scandal knocked him off the tracks) The job is toughest when the problems are great and, as was the case for Bush, the leader faces virtually an antimandate for a claim to presidential power In the end, George W Bush made the leap to the White House as successfully... other governor in the nation, yet he parlayed his weak hand into presidential qualifications When Bush championed his Texas record in the run for the White House, he even won surprising support from some of the state’s legislative Democrats The Oval Office job, of course, is much harder It’s eaten up some governors, like Jimmy Carter, who never quite made the jump from state house to White House Other... can!’ Then get busy and find out how to do it.” Don’t Start Without a Business Plan Bush got busy running the country by crafting a business plan for the transition and his initial months in the White House even while the outcome of the election was still in doubt During the interminable vote-counting in Florida, Gore often seemed the senior partner in the team of lawyers fighting the case Bush, on the. .. president in American history What follows are the leadership ideas and methods of America’s 43rd president, an individual who has tried to surround himself with the best and to bring out the best in them Part I: Building the Bush Team Chapter List Chapter 1: The Making of an MBA President Chapter 2: The Bush Leadership Style Chapter 3: The Team Imperative Chapter 1: The Making of an MBA President Overview... change to fit the personality of the president,” chief of staff Andrew H Card, Jr told a reporter “This president is the first ever to have an MBA.” Bush was determined to impress his style on the White House and to push out the influences of the Clinton team Close observers were astounded at the difference from the Clinton years In putting together his first budget, Card estimated that Bush invested...crumbled Bush s approval rating soared to the highest level ever recorded Democrats reassured themselves with the fact that the president’s party almost always loses seats in the midterm congressional elections They thought they could keep control of the Senate and dreamed of retaking the House Bush launched a whirlwind last-week salvo of campaigning Republicans not only retained control of the House. .. flow in the office of one of the state’s senators, Edward M Kennedy One of the students challenged the instructor to explain why that was relevant in a business course The professor replied that someone in the class might someday become president of the United States From his Sky Deck seat, Bush shot both arms in the air to convey the famous Nixon “V for victory” gesture The “Teamwork” MBA Though Bush. .. experiences he was would be full of himself—but that was the furthest thing from the truth.” Closer to the truth is the fact that Bush is a naturally gregarious guy who has an easy way with people and relies heavily on an executive team The key to understanding Bush the leader lies in understanding how Bush leads and manages his team As with any style, Bush s approach to management contains tactics that... while Bush (number 41) was more patrician Clinton felt voters’ pain The president’s style matters because, more than anything else, it determines whether he can be the master of events—or whether they will master him The style is the prism through which presidents sort through competing ideas to frame their agenda It is the tool they use to pursue the agenda, both in the political arena and with the . and The Transformation of Governance. Team Bush Leadership Lessons from the Bush White House Donald F. Kettl McGraw- Hill Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw- Hill. of Contents Team Bush Leadership Lessons from the Bush White House Birth of a Commander-in-Chief Part I - Building the Bush Team Chapter 1 - The Making

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  • Team Bush—Leadership Lessons from the Bush White House Donald F. Kettl McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0  DOC/DOC  0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 ISBN 0-07-141633-1 First edition McGraw-Hill books are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please write to the Director of Special Sales, Professional Publishing, McGraw-Hill, Two Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121-2298. Or contact your local bookstore.  This book is printed on recycled, acid-free paper containing a minimum of 50% recycled, de-inked fiber. Team Bush is not authorized, endor

  • Birth of a Commander-in-Chief “This stuff about transformed? From my perspective, he is the same President Bush that I saw going through different issues in Texas. He’s always been decisive, he’s always been disciplined, he’s always been really focused, he’s always been a really good delegator.” —Karen Hughes, on the change in President Bush after September 11 Throughout his career as a political executive, George W. Bush has consistently exceeded expectations. Doing it once or twice might be lucky. Doing it over and over has to require real skill. What’s the secret? Bush has carefully honed a style, based on building an effective team, to make strong decisions. He doesn’t try to master the complexities of decisions. Rather, he builds a team, he makes them master the complexities, he has them frame the issues—and then he decides, firmly and without second thoughts. He’s ridden this style, over and over, to successes that have amazed his friends and stunned his foes. Consider a quick sc

  • Part I: Building the Bush Team

  • Chapter List

  • Chapter 1: The Making of an MBA President Overview “I wanted to be my own boss.” —George W. Bush on applying to business school “George spent a lot of time learning from other people … Those who were book-oriented would think he wasn’t a serious student, but he was a serious student of people.” —Robert McCallum, Bush’s friend at Harvard Business School Leo Ccorbett was surprised by the apparent shift in priorities when he moved across the Charles River from Harvard College to Harvard Business School. Dinner conversations for his undergraduate class of 1970 revolved around politics and Vietnam. Many of his Harvard classmates talked politics, expecting to reach lofty political positions inside the Beltway, as Washington, D.C., was called. But when he started business school in 1973, he found that students “had become very serious and didn’t want to be distracted by these outside issues.” The go-go economic boom of the 1960s had dissolved into oil shocks and high inflation. The romanticis

  • Chapter 1: The Making of an MBA President

  • Making the MBA ManGeorge W. Bush, a middling C-average college student at Yale, had failed to be admitted to the University of Texas law school, and that failure embarrassed him. Page Keeton, the law school dean, wrote to one of those who had recommended Bush for admission, “I am sure your Mr. Bush has all the amiable qualities you describe and so will find a place at one of many fine institutions around the country. But not at the University of Texas.” Bush had to confront a very basic question: What was he going to do with his life? It was an uneasy time for the young man, and the law school rejection only underscored his problems. After graduating from two of New England’s most select institutions, Phillips Academy and Yale University, Bush had served in the Texas Air National Guard, but that didn’t prove to be a good career match. He worked as a management trainee for a Houston agribusiness company. He tried his hand at several political campaigns. His summer jobs included deliveri

  • “Sky Decker” at Capitalism’s West PointThe taxi driver who first dropped him off at the school told him, “Here you are at the West Point of capitalism.” Bush in fact treated Harvard Business School as a serious cadet would, and that marked a big change from his college days. As an undergraduate, he took his partying seriously and quickly developed an easy rapport with his classmates. As his close friend Roland W. Betts recalled, while other students were still adjusting to freshman life, “George was the person who in three months knew the name of everybody and actually knew 50 percent of the class.” As an undergraduate Bush had been elected president of the Yale chapter of Delta Kappa Epsilon, renowned for its parties and sports talk. In business school he pushed aside the parties and focused more on the books. As Bush recalled later, “I studied, and ran and rode my bike a lot. I was there to learn, and that’s exactly what I did.” On weekends he partied at a country music club in Bosto

  • The “Teamwork” MBA Though Bush distinguished himself for his easygoing ways, he did not set himself apart as one of the business school’s top scholars. Howard Stevenson, one of his professors recalled that Bush “wrote a decent essay.” Another professor, Michael E. Porter—who later became an economic policy adviser to the Bush campaign—agreed that Bush “was not a star academic performer.” He didn’t excel, but his diligence did put him in the middle of the pack. However, everyone who knew him agreed that he displayed unusual charisma and teamwork. For example, when students were put to work on a three-day, schoolwide business simulation exercise. Bush’s class section elected him one of the team presidents. Though his team did not win the competition, Porter told them that their collegiality would probably have produced the best results over the long haul. Bush, Porter remembered later, “was very good at getting along with people and getting things done.” The field of business was undergo

  • Arbusto to the White HouseWith his MBA, Bush’s style blossomed. But it took some time to put it to work. After earning his degree, he returned to Midland, Texas, where his father had prospered in the oil business—and where he had lived an earlier life as a partying bachelor. He formed his own oil company and christened it “Arbusto,” the Spanish word for “Bush.” He achieved only moderate success as an oilman. In 1978 he launched a campaign for a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives. Bush was a hugely successful fund-raiser but a distinctly unsuccessful candidate. He lost the race by six percentage points. If his political efforts foundered and his oil business only modestly prospered, Bush did secure one large victory. In 1977 he met and married Laura Welch, a librarian and teacher, who has since been his anchor. She was one of the few people who could look Bush in the eye and tell him he needed to shift his tone or his message. After the September 11 attacks, for example, Bush sai

  • Chapter 2: The Bush Leadership Style Overview “Every man who takes office in Washington either grows or swells, and when I give a man an office, I watch him carefully to see whether he is growing or swelling.” —President Woodrow Wilson “ … he does have a strong belief in providence, and in the necessity of gathering information, making good choices, doing your best, and trusting the result to God. That is a very strong personal belief on his part.” —Bush speechwriter Michael Gerson When George W. Bush moved into the White House on January 20, 2001, he faced a situation no business executive has ever encountered. More than half of the people involved in choosing him had voted for someone else. Half of the people on his board of directors—the Congress—were determined to see him fail. Sly observers wrote off his chances for success before he took the oath of office, and many were looking past him to his successor. The first rule for leadership is to lead. But that’s a difficult task when

  • Chapter 2: The Bush Leadership Style

  • Don’t Start Without a Business PlanBush got busy running the country by crafting a business plan for the transition and his initial months in the White House even while the outcome of the election was still in doubt. During the interminable vote-counting in Florida, Gore often seemed the senior partner in the team of lawyers fighting the case. Bush, on the other hand, left the legal battle to longtime family adviser and former secretary of state James A. Baker III. Bush publicly went about the business of being governor while more quietly working on the transition to the presidency. It was a two-pronged strategy, in part to signal to the country that he fully expected to win the recount and in part to make sure he got a fast start on the job. In less than three weeks he completed the task of naming his cabinet. He then made a ten-year tax cut his top policy priority. The projected budget surplus was huge, and he wanted to lock up the money before Congress could spend it. Some analysts

  • Make the Bureaucracy Fit Your Personality Beyond the business plan was a set of basic rules to guide how the White House staff worked and behaved. “This is the only bureaucracy in Washington that can change to fit the personality of the president,” chief of staff Andrew H. Card, Jr. told a reporter. “This president is the first ever to have an MBA.” Bush was determined to impress his style on the White House—and to push out the influences of the Clinton team. Close observers were astounded at the difference from the Clinton years. In putting together his first budget, Card estimated that Bush invested about five hours in meetings. In contrast, in his initial weeks, Bill Clinton spent 25 hours in formal meetings and twice that amount in casual conversations. Bush quickly worked his way through the basic options and made his strategic decisions. He preferred oral briefings, short background memos, and quick decisions. Clinton wanted to know all the details, to talk about them with a wide

  • Establish Rules Early and Stick to Them If the nicknames mark Bush’s informal side, he has a tough, formal, disciplined side as well. Soon after taking office, he imposed a set of White House rules. The contrast with the Clinton years could not have been more stark. Chief of Staff Card laid them out: Attire: suit and tie required. Gone was the informal Clinton dress code. Aides often wore blue jeans and T-shirts to meetings, even in the Oval Office. Bush insisted that men wear jackets and ties at all times in the Oval Office. Women were required to wear business attire. Card reported he hadn’t seen the president in the Oval Office without a suit and tie. Clinton, by contrast, was often observed wandering around the White House in his jogging clothes ⠀猀眀攀愀琀猀 愀渀搀 猀渀攀愀欀攀爀猀). Brevity is a must. Bush limited briefing papers to a page—two at most. Clinton read voraciously. Bush insisted that aides boil issues down to their core. “He doesn’t like memos that state the obvious,” Card explained.

  • Develop Your Own Leadership Style Bush is the very model of a modern MBA president. He builds his approach to the presidency on teamwork, especially in his West Wing staff. He builds a clear strategy and a business plan for implementing it. Unlike Bill Clinton, he has remained focused on a small agenda. He keeps his message sharp and focused. At a visit to the Pentagon less than a week after September 11, he told reporters, “I want justice,” and that meant tracking down Osama bin Laden. “And there’s a poster out West, as I recall, that said, ‘Wanted: Dead or Alive.’” Few presidents have been that blunt. Bush insists on tough discipline among his staffers, with a tightly controlled flow of information in and out. Press secretary Ari Fleischer even refused to disclose what the First Family ate at their first presidential Thanksgiving dinner ⠀愀氀琀栀漀甀最栀 眀漀爀搀 氀愀琀攀爀 氀攀愀欀攀搀 漀甀琀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀礀 搀椀渀攀搀 漀渀 琀甀爀欀攀礀Ⰰ 最爀攀攀渀 戀攀愀渀猀Ⰰ 猀眀攀攀琀 瀀漀琀愀琀漀 瀀甀爀攀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 瀀甀洀瀀欀椀渀 瀀椀攀). The contrast with Bill Clinton, whose s

  • An Unusual JobThe scope of the job a president confronts is far larger than anything in the private sector. The risk of failure is great and the consequences enormous. Presidents have tight limits on deciding which markets to enter or which products to develop. If a war in Bosnia or a battle against inflation goes badly, the president can’t simply decide to abandon a product line. Presidents can’t easily reorganize their operations to increase efficiency or focus on a new strategy. Bush’s protracted struggle with Congress over the Department of Homeland Security, which was eventually approved, showed how hard it can be to shuffle the organizational boxes. In the private sector, boards of directors support corporate leaders—or they fire them. In government, Congress is the president’s board of directors, and Congress has a vested interest in many of the existing work patterns. And just as the president can’t fire them, members of Congress can’t fire him ⠀漀渀氀礀 椀洀瀀攀愀挀栀 栀椀洀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 漀搀搀猀 漩ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㐳㌠〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛㤰‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㐳㐠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㐳㈠〠刊⽔楴汥
Bush’s Style George W. Bush unquestionably has a clear style. Unlike Kennedy’s, it is not built on blazing intellect, and unlike Johnson’s, it is not built on unrelenting personal pressure. It shares some of the same amiable qualities of Reagan’s approach to government, but it also has surprising elements of the shrewd style that Eisenhower brought to the White House. Unpacking his presidency to discover that style takes some doing, because what we see on television often does not match the way Bush works in the Oval Office. It requires understanding his family, his political roots, and the subtle way they shape his approach to the job. As much as anything, though, Bush is the prototype of the MBA executive who took over the biggest organization in the world. The question is whether the organization is a good fit for his MBA skills. Henry Mintzberg and Joseph Lampel, two management experts who have studied why CEOs fail, warn that they tend to do so in similar ways: “They ran their bus⤊㸾੥湤潢樊਴㌴‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬹㈠〠删⽘奚‵‷㠸畬汝ਯ乥硴‴㌵‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‴㌳‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⣾＀䈀甀猀栀 䰀攀猀猀漀渀猀 䐀漀渠ᤀ琀 猀琀愀爀琀 眀椀琀栀漀甀琀 愀 瀀氀愀渀⸀ 䈀甀猀栀 戀攀最愀渀 挀爀愀昀琀椀渀最 栀椀猀 瀀氀愀渀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 琀栀攀 瘀漀琀攀 挀漀甀渀琀 椀渀 䘀氀漀爀椀搀愀 眀愀猀 昀椀渀椀猀栀攀搀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 栀攀氀瀀攀搀 栀椀洀 琀漀 栀椀琀 琀栀攀 最爀漀甀渀搀 爀甀渀渀椀渀最 眀栀攀渀 琀栀攀 搀甀猀琀 猀攀琀琀氀攀搀⸀ 吀栀攀 氀攀猀猀漀渀 椀猀 挀氀攀愀爀㨀 䔀猀琀愀戀氀椀猀栀 愀 瀀氀愀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀洀瀀氀攀洀攀渀琀 椀琀 攀愀爀氀礀⸀ 吀栀愀琀 洀椀最栀琀 洀攀愀渀 琀栀攀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀 愀渀搀 昀愀椀氀甀爀攀⸀ 䴀愀欀攀 琀栀攀 漀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 昀椀琀 礀漀甀爀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀愀氀椀琀礀⸀ 䈀甀猀栀 椀洀瀀漀猀攀搀 栀椀猀 眀愀礀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 伀瘀愀氀 伀昀昀椀挀攀Ⰰ 渀漀琀 琀栀攀 漀琀栀攀爀 眀愀礀 愀爀漀甀渀搀⸀ 䠀攀 猀琀愀爀琀猀 愀渀搀 攀渀搀猀 洀攀攀琀椀渀最猀 漀渀 琀椀洀攀Ⰰ 椀渀猀椀猀琀猀 漀渀 愀 猀甀椀琀 愀渀搀 琀椀攀Ⰰ 礀攀琀 猀椀洀甀氀琀愀渀攀漀甀猀氀礀 椀洀瀀漀猀攀猀 愀 挀攀爀琀愀椀渀 搀攀最爀攀攀 漀昀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀氀椀琀礀 眀椀琀栀 猀琀愀昀昀攀爀猀 愀渀搀 樀漀甀爀渀愀氀椀猀琀猀⸀ 吀栀愀琠ᤀ猀 栀椀猀 眀愀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 栀攀 甀猀攀猀 椀琀 琀漀 栀椀猀 愀搀瘀愀渀琀愀最攀⸀ 䬀攀攀瀀 昀漀挀甀猀攀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 琀愀猀欀 愀琀 栀愀渀搀⸀ 䈀甀猀栀 眀愀琀挀栀攀猀 琀栀攀 猀洀愀氀氀 琀栀椀渀最猀 琀漀 猀栀愀爀瀀攀渀 栀椀猀 昀漀挀甀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 欀攀礀 琀愀猀欀猀 愀琀 栀愀渀搀⸀ 䄀昀琀攀爀 匀攀瀀琀攀洀戀攀爀 ㄀㄀Ⰰ ㈀  ㄀Ⰰ 䈀甀猀栀 昀漀挀甀猀攀搀 瘀椀爀琀甀愀氀氀礀 栀椀猀 攀渀琀椀爀攀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀挀礀 漀渀 昀椀最栀琀椀渀最 琀攀爀爀漀爀椀猀洀⸀ 䠀攀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀漀漀搀 琀栀愀琀 栀椀猀 愀搀洀椀渀椀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 栀愀搀 愀 渀攀眀 挀栀愀爀琀攀爀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 洀愀搀攀 猀甀爀攀 琀栀愀琀 栀椀猀 椀渀渀攀爀 挀椀爀挀氀攀 戀爀漀甀最栀琀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 搀攀最爀攀攀 漀昀 昀漀挀甀猀⸀ 䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 礀漀甀爀 漀眀渀 氀攀愀搀攀爀猀栀椀瀀 猀琀礀氀攀⸀ 伀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 欀攩ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㐳㔠〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛㤶‰⁒ 塙娠㔠ㄵ㜱畬汝ਯ乥硴‴㌶‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‴㌴‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⣾＀䌀栀愀瀀琀攀爀 ㌀㨀 吀栀攀 吀攀愀洀眀漀爀欀 䤀洀瀀攀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 伀瘀攀爀瘀椀攀眀†ᰀ䤠ᤀ洀 渀漀琀 愀昀爀愀椀搀 琀漀 猀甀爀爀漀甀渀搀 洀礀猀攀氀昀 眀椀琀栀 猀琀爀漀渀最 愀渀搀 挀漀洀瀀攀琀攀渀琀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀⸠ᴀ†᐀䜀攀漀爀最攀 圀⸀ 䈀甀猀栀Ⰰ 漀渀 渀愀洀椀渀最 栀椀猀 挀愀戀椀渀攀琀†ᰀ䤀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀 挀漀洀洀椀琀洀攀渀琀 琀漀 愀 琀攀愀洀 攀昀昀漀爀琠᐀琀栀愀琀 椀猀 眀栀愀琀 洀愀欀攀猀 愀 琀攀愀洀 眀漀爀欀Ⰰ 愀 挀漀洀瀀愀渀礀 眀漀爀欀Ⰰ 愀 猀漀挀椀攀琀礀 眀漀爀欀Ⰰ 愀 挀椀瘀椀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 眀漀爀欀⸠ᴀ†᐀嘀椀渀挀攀 䰀漀洀戀愀爀搀椀 䔀瘀攀渀 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 洀漀猀琀 攀砀攀挀甀琀椀瘀攀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀 洀甀猀琀 爀攀氀礀 漀渀 愀 猀琀爀漀渀最 琀攀愀洀⸀ 吀栀攀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀猀 愀爀攀 栀甀最攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 挀漀猀琀猀 漀昀 愀 洀椀猀猀琀攀瀀 挀愀渀 戀攀 猀琀愀最最攀爀椀渀最⸀ 䌀栀漀漀猀椀渀最 琀栀攀 戀攀猀琀 瀀漀氀椀挀礀 漀瀀琀椀漀渀猀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀猀 愀 欀攀攀渀 猀攀渀猀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 挀漀爀攀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀猀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 猀漀氀椀搀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀⸀ 䜀攀琀琀椀渀最 琀栀愀琀 椀渀昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 栀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 椀猀 琀漀甀最栀⸀ 吀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀 椀猀 挀漀渀猀琀愀渀琀氀礀 猀甀爀爀漀甀渀搀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 匀攀挀爀攀琀 匀攀爀瘀椀挀攀Ⰰ 洀漀渀椀琀漀爀攀搀 戀礀 琀攀氀攀瘀椀猀椀漀渀 昀椀氀洀 挀爀攀眀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀爀愀椀氀攀搀 戀礀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀攀爀猀⸀ 吀栀愀琀 洀愀欀攀猀 椀琀 栀愀爀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀 琀漀 最攀琀 愀 最漀漀搀 瀀甀氀猀攀 漀渀 眀栀愀琀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀 愀爀攀 琀栀椀渀欀椀渀最Ⰰ 琀漀 最愀甀最攀 眀栀愀琀 椀猀 栀愀瀀瀀攀渀椀渀最 戀攀礀漀渀搀 琀栀攀 圀栀椀琀攀 䠀漀甀猀攀 最愀琀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀漀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀愀渀搀 琀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 椀猀猀甀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 搀愀礀⸀ 吀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀 氀椀攀猀 愀琀 琀栀攀 戀漀琀琀漀洀 漀昀 愀渀 攀渀漀爀洀漀甀猀 昀甀渀渀攀氀 琀栀愀琀 搀椀猀琀椀氀氩ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㐳㘠〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛㤴‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㐳㜠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㐳㔠〠刊⽔楴汥
䍨慰瑥爠㌺⁔桥⁔敡海潲欠䥭灥牡瑩癥⤊㸾੥湤潢樊਴㌷‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬱〰‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㐳㠠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㐳㘠〠刊⽔楴汥
Get Unfiltered Information Bush wanted to avoid his father’s mistakes. First as governor, and then as president, he decided to avoid the hierarchical chief-of-staff model. Instead, he created a system that gave key aides easy access, without having to go through an all-powerful chief of staff. His Texas policy adviser, Vance McMahan, recalled Bush saying: I want a flat structure where my key senior staff members report directly to me. I don’t want opinions filtered through one individual. The chief of staff was in charge of process—making sure that what had to get done in fact got done on time. But the staff chief was not a “first among equals.” For Bush 43, the most important link would be his relationship with each adviser, not their connections with each other or to a central gatekeeper. It was this approach in Texas that “gave the senior staff members a great deal of access to the governor,” McMahan further explained. “It also gave them a chance to build relationships. The informat⤊㸾੥湤潢樊਴㌸‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬱〴‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㐳㤠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㐳㜠〠刊⽔楴汥
Building Team BushBush decided to run his Oval Office so that his five closest White House aides could see him at any point, without having to go through anyone first. The five insider players were: Andrew H. Card, Jr., chief of staff. Card served Bush 41 as secretary of transportation and, before that, as deputy chief of staff. He was President Reagan’s liaison to the nation’s governors and mayors. During the Clinton years, he headed the American Automobile Manufacturers Association, the trade association for the nation’s car makers. As chief of staff, he has served as Bush 43’s process manager, to make sure that things needing to get done are done. But he was not the gatekeeper to the Oval Office. Condoleezza Rice, national security adviser. She formerly was provost—the chief operating officer—at Stanford University. During the first Bush administration, she worked on the National Security Council as the president’s adviser on Soviet and East European affairs. Rice joined the Bush ca⤊㸾੥湤潢樊਴㌹‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬱〸‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㐴〠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㐳㠠〠刊⽔楴汥
Nurture Talent and Get the Best from Them Team Bush would not have worked, however, without Bush’s knack for nurturing his personal links with his team members. As mentioned previously, there’s no better sign of that knack than his habit of bestowing nicknames on friends, staffers, government leaders, and journalists. Virtually anyone could be a fair target. One high-ranking Bush aide, known as “French” for reasons he can’t fathom, joked that “internal communications are in turmoil,” because aides sometimes can’t figure out the nicknames. Bush has christened Vice President Dick Cheney “Big Time.” National Security Adviser Condoleezza Rice is “Guru.” Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld is “Rummy.” Communications Adviser Karen Hughes was “High Prophet,” while political strategist Karl Rove is “Boy Genius.” The nicknaming started inside the Bush family, where George W. Bush is “W” and his father is “41” ⠀昀漀爀 琀栀攀 昀漀爀琀礀ⴀ昀椀爀猀琀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琠᐀眀栀椀挀栀 洀愀欀攀猀 圠ᤀ猀 愀氀琀攀爀渀愀琀攀 渀椀挀欀渀愀洀攀†ᰀ一甀洀戀攀爀 㐀㌠ᴀ). His moth⤊㸾੥湤潢樊਴㐰‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬱ㄲ‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㐴ㄠ〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㐳㤠〠刊⽔楴汥
Bush Lessons Create the right structure. Bush arrived at the Oval Office knowing that he would not put a gatekeeper between him and his closest advisers. Instead, he employed a flat model built on personal relationships, to make sure that his inner circle had access to him and that he had access to them. Make sure to get unfiltered information. Top managers need all sorts of information, good and bad … especially bad. This is why it is crucial to have a mechanism in place that ensures a steady stream of information from all quarters. Hire people smarter than you are. Bush was not afraid to hire leaders and cabinet members that people perceived were smarter than he was. The first MBA president knew that the key to success had to do with his team and his ability to exact the best performance from each of them. Master the four keys of Team Bush. Team Bush has a four-prong approach, one that takes into account a finely etched strategy, a clearly defined message, discipline in execution, an⤊㸾੥湤潢樊਴㐱‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬱ㄴ‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㐴㈠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㐴〠〠刊⽔楴汥
偡牴⁉䤺⁌敡摩湧⁴桥⁂畳栠坡礩ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㐴㈠〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛ㄱ㘠〠删⽘奚‵‷㠸畬汝ਯ乥硴‴㐳‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‴㐱‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⡃桡灴敲⁌楳琩ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㐴㌠〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛ㄱ㠠〠删⽘奚‵‷㠸畬汝ਯ乥硴‴㐴‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‴㐲‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⣾＀䌀栀愀瀀琀攀爀 㐀㨀 䈀甀猀栀 愀猀 匀琀爀愀琀攀最椀猀琀 伀瘀攀爀瘀椀攀眀†ᰀ吀栀攀礀 挀愀渀 猀愀礀 眀栀愀琀 琀栀攀礀 眀愀渀琀 愀戀漀甀琀 洀攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 愀琀 氀攀愀猀琀 䤀 欀渀漀眀 眀栀漀 䤀 愀洀 愀渀搀 眀栀漀 洀礀 昀爀椀攀渀搀猀 愀爀攀⸠ᴀ†᐀䜀攀漀爀最攀 圀⸀ 䈀甀猀栀Ⰰ 猀瀀攀愀欀椀渀最 琀漀 一䈀䌠ᤀ猀 䄀氀攀砀愀渀搀爀愀 倀攀氀漀猀椀Ⰰ ㈀  ㈀†ᰀ†☀ 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 搀漀 眀栀愀琀 琀栀攀礀 猀愀礀 琀栀攀礀 愀爀攀 最漀椀渀最 搀漀 琀漀Ⰰ 瀀愀爀琀椀挀甀氀愀爀氀礀 椀渀 瀀漀氀椀琀椀挀猀⸀†☀ 䤀 琀栀椀渀欀 琀栀愀琀 椀猀 瀀爀漀戀愀戀氀礀 琀栀攀 猀椀渀最氀攀 洀漀猀琀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 琀攀渀攀琀 漀昀 栀椀猀 瀀栀椀氀漀猀漀瀀栀礀⸠ᴀ 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀猀 栀愀瘀攀 氀漀渀最 瀀爀椀搀攀搀 琀栀攀洀猀攀氀瘀攀猀 漀渀 猀攀琀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 猀琀愀渀搀愀爀搀猀 戀礀 眀栀椀挀栀 琀栀攀 眀漀爀氀搠ᤀ猀 攀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀 漀甀最栀琀 琀漀 戀攀 爀甀渀⸀ 吀栀攀礀 眀攀爀攀 挀攀爀琀愀椀渀氀礀 甀渀瀀爀攀瀀愀爀攀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 愀昀琀攀爀洀愀琀栀 漀昀 琀栀攀 ㈀    瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀椀愀氀 攀氀攀挀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 愀 眀攀攀欀猀氀漀渀最 挀漀甀爀琀 戀愀琀琀氀攀 琀栀愀琀 渀攀瘀攀爀 猀攀攀洀攀搀 琀漀 攀渀搀⸀ 䔀愀挀栀 瀀爀攀猀猀 挀漀渀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀 戀礀 琀栀攀 眀愀爀爀椀渀最 䜀漀爀攀 愀渀搀 䈀甀猀栀 昀攀愀琀甀爀攀搀 愀渀 攀猀挀愀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 昀氀愀最猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 戀愀挀欀搀爀漀瀀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 攀愀挀栀 猀椀搀攀 猀琀爀甀最最氀椀渀最 琀漀 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀 洀漀爀攀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀椀愀氀⸀ 吀栀攀 琀眀漀 挀愀洀瀀愀椀最渀猀 戀愀琀琀氀攀搀 漀瘀攀爀 琀栀攀 欀攀礀猀 琀漀 圀愀猀栀椀渀最琀漀渠ᤀ猀 漀昀昀椀挀椀愀氀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀椀愀氀 挀愀洀瀀愀椀最渀 栀攀愀搀焀甀愀爀琀攀爀猠᐀愀渀搀 琀栀攀 ␀㔀 洀椀氀氀椀漀渀 瀀漀琀 漀昀 琀爀愀渀猀椀琀椀漀渀 昀甀渀搀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 渀愀琀椀漀渀 最漀琀 愀 瀀愀椀渀昀甀氀Ⰰ 攀砀琀攀渀搀攀搀 氀攀猀猀漀渀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䔀氀攀挀琀漀爀愀氀 䌀漀氀氀攀最攀Ⰰ 瀀攀爀栀愀瀀猀 琀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 愀爀琀栩ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㐴㐠〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛ㄱ㠠〠删⽘奚‵‷㠸畬汝ਯ乥硴‴㐵‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‴㐳‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⡃桡灴敲‴㨠䉵獨⁡猠却牡瑥杩獴⤊㸾੥湤潢樊਴㐵‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬱㈲‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㐴㘠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㐴㐠〠刊⽔楴汥
Prepare Early: The First Steps Are Crucial The electoral turmoil not only provided endless weeks of political theater. It also robbed Bush of the most important asset a new president has: a honeymoon with Congress, the press, and the American people. From the November 7 election, it took the courts 36 days to sort out the issues, and Gore conceded on day 37. If they concur on anything, presidential scholars agree that the first weeks of the transition are crucial to shaping a new presidency. If anything is clear about Bush’s transition, however, it’s that he had the right strategy to help him negotiate one of the most contentious election battles in American history. Any new job or management assignment is tough, and putting together a presidency is one of the toughest. The president-elect needs to assemble a staff, choose a cabinet, frame the big issues, rough out a legislative agenda, and prepare a budget. Thousands of résumés, from campaign workers and ordinary citizens, fall like a⤊㸾੥湤潢樊਴㐶‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬱㈶‰⁒ 塙娠㔠ㄵ㜱畬汝ਯ乥硴‴㐷‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‴㐵‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⣾＀吀攀愀洀 䈀甀猀栠ᤀ猀 刀甀氀攀猀 昀漀爀 圀椀渀渀椀渀最 吀漀 洀愀欀攀 洀愀琀琀攀爀猀 眀漀爀猀攀Ⰰ 䈀甀猀栀 栀愀搀 漀渀氀礀 愀 渀愀爀爀漀眀 刀攀瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀渀 洀愀樀漀爀椀琀礀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䠀漀甀猀攀 漀昀 刀攀瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀愀琀椀瘀攀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 匀攀渀愀琀攀 眀愀猀 搀椀瘀椀搀攀搀 㔀 ⴀ㔀 Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 嘀椀挀攀 倀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀 䌀栀攀渀攀礀Ⰰ 瀀爀攀猀椀搀椀渀最 漀昀昀椀挀攀爀 椀渀 琀栀攀 匀攀渀愀琀攀Ⰰ 瀀攀爀洀椀琀琀攀搀 琀漀 戀爀攀愀欀 琀椀攀猀⸀ 䄀 瀀愀氀氀 栀甀渀最 漀瘀攀爀 䈀甀猀栠ᤀ猀 挀氀愀椀洀 琀漀 瀀漀眀攀爀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 栀攀 挀漀甀氀搀渠ᤀ琀 挀漀甀渀琀 漀渀 洀甀挀栀 栀攀氀瀀 昀爀漀洀 刀攀瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀渀猀 漀渀 䌀愀瀀椀琀漀氀 䠀椀氀氀⸀ 䌀愀渀渀漀渀 眀漀渀搀攀爀攀搀 眀栀攀琀栀攀爀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀†ᰀ栀愀氀昀 琀栀攀 瘀漀琀攀爀猀 琀栀椀渀欀椀渀最 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀 搀漀攀猀 渀漀琀 戀攀氀漀渀最 琀栀攀爀攀Ⰰ 嬀椀昀崀 愀渀礀琀栀椀渀最 挀愀渀 戀攀 搀漀渀攀⸠ᴀ 䄀琀 洀漀猀琀Ⰰ 刀攀瀀⸀ 䴀愀爀欀 䔀⸀ 匀漀甀搀攀爀 (R., Ind.⤀ 猀甀最最攀猀琀攀搀Ⰰ 椀琀 眀愀猀 氀椀欀攀氀礀 琀漀 戀攀†ᰀ愀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀挀礀 漀昀 猀洀愀氀氀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀猀 爀愀琀栀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 戀爀漀愀搀Ⰰ 猀眀攀攀瀀椀渀最 挀栀愀渀最攀猀⸠ᴀ 䐀攀洀漀挀爀愀琀猀 猀攀琀 琀漀 眀漀爀欀 琀漀 甀渀搀攀爀洀椀渀攀 琀栀攀 䈀甀猀栀 愀最攀渀搀愀 戀礀 爀攀洀椀渀搀椀渀最 愀渀愀氀礀猀琀猀 愀戀漀甀琀 栀椀猀 眀攀愀欀 挀氀愀椀洀 琀漀 瀀漀眀攀爀⸀ 伀渀氀礀 猀琀爀漀渀最 愀渀搀 焀甀椀挀欀 猀琀攀瀀猀 琀漀眀愀爀搀 挀漀渀挀椀氀椀愀琀椀漀渠᐀攀猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀氀礀 洀漀搀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 栀椀猀 最愀洀攀 瀀氀愀渠᐀眀漀甀氀搀 栀攀氀瀀 栀椀洀 猀甀挀挀攀攀搀Ⰰ 琀栀攀礀 瀀爀漀挀氀愀椀洀攀搀⸀ 䈀甀琀 吀攀愀洀 䈀甀猀栀 爀攀樀攀挀琀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 挀漀甀渀猀攀氀⸀ 䌀栀椀攀昀 漀昀 匀琀愀昀昀 䌀愀爀搀 瀀爀攀瀀愀爀攀搀 戀愀挀欀最爀漀甀渀搀 洀攀洀漀猀 漀渀 攀瘀攀爀礀 琀爀愀渀猀椀琀椀漀渀 猀椀渀挀攀 ㄀㤀㘀 Ⰰ 搀爀愀眀椀渀最 氀攀猀猀漀渀猀Ⰰ 猀洀愀氀氀 愀渀搀 氀愀爀最攀Ⰰ 琀漩ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㐴㜠〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛ㄳ〠〠删⽘奚‵‷㠸畬汝ਯ乥硴‴㐸‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‴㐶‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⣾＀䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 愀 倀氀愀礀戀漀漀欀 ⸀ ⸀ ⸀ 愀渀搀 䔀砀攀挀甀琀攀 䤀琀䄀昀琀攀爀 琀栀攀 椀渀愀甀最甀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 吀攀愀洀 䈀甀猀栀 昀愀挀攀搀 挀爀漀猀猀ⴀ瀀爀攀猀猀甀爀攀猀 漀渀 眀栀愀琀 琀漀 搀漀 昀椀爀猀琠᐀愀渀搀 栀漀眀 洀甀挀栀 琀漀 琀爀礀 琀漀 搀漀⸀ 䐀攀洀漀挀爀愀琀猀 眀愀渀琀攀搀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀 琀漀 昀漀挀甀猀 漀渀 栀攀愀氀琀栀 挀愀爀攀Ⰰ 攀猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀氀礀 猀椀渀挀攀 爀攀昀漀爀洀 漀昀 栀攀愀氀琀栀 洀愀椀渀琀攀渀愀渀挀攀 漀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀猀 栀愀搀 戀攀攀渀 漀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 洀愀樀漀爀 瀀椀攀挀攀猀 漀昀 甀渀昀椀渀椀猀栀攀搀 戀甀猀椀渀攀猀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀瘀椀漀甀猀 䌀漀渀最爀攀猀猀⸀ 䨀漀栀渀 䴀挀䌀愀椀渀Ⰰ 眀栀漀 栀愀搀 戀攀攀渀 䈀甀猀栠ᤀ猀 猀琀爀漀渀最攀猀琀 爀椀瘀愀氀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 刀攀瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀渀 渀漀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 瀀爀攀猀猀攀搀 昀漀爀 挀愀洀瀀愀椀最渀 昀椀渀愀渀挀攀 爀攀昀漀爀洀⸀ 䈀甀猀栀 愀渀搀 栀椀猀 愀搀瘀椀猀攀爀猀 搀攀挀椀搀攀搀 琀漀 猀琀椀挀欀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 瀀爀椀渀挀椀瀀愀氀 挀愀洀瀀愀椀最渀 琀栀攀洀攀猀 愀渀搀 戀甀椀氀琀 愀渀 愀最攀渀搀愀 漀昀 昀椀瘀攀 猀琀爀愀琀攀最椀挀 椀猀猀甀攀猀㨀 䔀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀 爀攀昀漀爀洀⸀ 伀瘀攀爀 琀栀攀 氀愀猀琀 最攀渀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 昀攀搀攀爀愀氀 漀昀昀椀挀椀愀氀猀 昀爀漀洀 戀漀琀栀 瀀愀爀琀椀攀猀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀椀渀最氀礀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀攀搀 椀渀 攀搀甀挀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 栀愀猀 氀漀渀最 戀攀攀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀瘀椀渀挀攀 漀昀 猀琀愀琀攀 愀渀搀 氀漀挀愀氀 最漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀猀⸀ 䈀甀猀栀 挀愀洀瀀愀椀最渀攀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 渀攀攀搀 琀漀 椀渀猀椀猀琀 琀栀愀琀 氀漀挀愀氀 猀挀栀漀漀氀猀 搀漀 愀 戀攀琀琀攀爀 樀漀戀⸀ 吀愀砀 挀甀琀猀⸀ 圀栀攀渀 䈀甀猀栀 琀漀漀欀 漀昀昀椀挀攀Ⰰ 愀渀愀氀礀猀琀猀 攀猀琀椀洀愀琀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 猀甀爀瀀氀甀猀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀愀氀氀漀漀渀 琀漀 ␀㔀⸀㘀 琀爀椀氀氀椀漀渀 漀瘀攀爀 琀栀攀 渀攀砀琀 搀攀挀愀搀攀⸀ 刀愀琀栀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 氀攀琀 䌀漀渀最爀攀猀猀 昀甀渀搀 戀椀朩ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㐴㠠〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛ㄳ〠〠删⽘奚‵‷㠸畬汝ਯ乥硴‴㐹‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‴㐷‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⡄敶敬潰⁡⁐污祢潯欠⸠⸠⸠慮搠䕸散畴攠䥴⤊㸾੥湤潢樊਴㐹‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬱㌴‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㐵〠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㐴㠠〠刊⽔楴汥
Respond to Crises, but Stick to the PlanGenerals know that war plans become obsolete at the first shot. Similarly, Bush and his aides knew they would have to adapt their strategy to shifting events. All presidents face unanticipated crises. In large measure, their ultimate success lies not in their ability to fulfill campaign promises, but in their skill in coping with the unexpected. For Bush, the unexpected quickly materialized. In March 2001, Californians slid into the worst energy crisis America had seen in a generation. Parts of the state had such severe electricity shortages that power companies imposed “rolling blackouts,” which shut off the power completely to consumers from high-tech industries to individual homeowners. There was plenty of power around the nation. The problem, Bush and administration officials believed, lay in California’s deregulation of the energy industry, coupled with a rapid increase in demand for power during the summer of 2000. There was plenty of elect⤊㸾੥湤潢樊਴㔰‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬱㐰‰⁒ 塙娠㔠ㄵ㜱畬汝ਯ乥硴‴㔱‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‴㐹‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⣾＀䐀攀戀愀琀攀Ⰰ 䐀攀挀椀搀攠᐀愀渀搀 䔀渀搀 琀栀攀 䐀攀戀愀琀攀 䤀渀 琀栀攀 洀漀渀琀栀猀 愀昀琀攀爀 匀攀瀀琀攀洀戀攀爀 ㄀㄀Ⰰ 吀攀愀洀 䈀甀猀栀 猀攀攀洀攀搀 琀漀 猀琀爀甀最最氀攀 琀漀 昀椀渀搀 椀琀猀 瘀漀椀挀攠᐀愀渀搀 琀漀 爀攀猀栀愀瀀攀 椀琀猀 猀琀爀愀琀攀最礀⸀ 倀漀氀椀挀礀 戀愀琀琀氀攀猀 爀愀最攀搀 愀渀搀 渀攀眀Ⰰ 甀渀攀砀瀀攀挀琀攀搀 椀猀猀甀攀猀 猀甀爀最攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 昀漀爀攀昀爀漀渀琀⸀ 吀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀 攀椀琀栀攀爀 栀愀搀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 琀漀 猀愀礀 愀戀漀甀琀 琀栀攀洀 漀爀Ⰰ 眀栀攀渀 栀攀 搀椀搀 猀瀀攀愀欀Ⰰ 搀椀搀 渀漀琀 挀漀渀瘀攀礀 愀 挀氀攀愀爀 猀攀渀猀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 愀搀洀椀渀椀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渠ᤀ猀 瀀漀氀椀挀礀⸀ 䄀椀搀攀猀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀氀礀 瘀漀椀挀攀搀 挀漀洀瀀攀琀椀渀最 椀搀攀愀猀 愀戀漀甀琀 眀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 瀀漀氀椀挀礀 洀椀最栀琠᐀漀爀 猀栀漀甀氀搠᐀戀攀⸀ 䄀渀愀氀礀猀琀猀 愀渀搀 琀愀氀欀椀渀最 栀攀愀搀猀 猀瀀攀挀甀氀愀琀攀搀 愀戀漀甀琀 眀栀攀琀栀攀爀 琀栀攀 愀搀洀椀渀椀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渠ᤀ猀 眀栀攀攀氀猀 栀愀搀 挀漀洀攀 漀昀昀Ⰰ 眀栀攀琀栀攀爀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀 栀愀搀 氀漀猀琀 挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 漀昀 栀椀猀 猀琀愀昀昀 愀渀搀 漀昀 琀栀攀 琀攀爀爀漀爀椀猀洀 椀猀猀甀攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 眀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 瀀漀氀椀挀礀 甀氀琀椀洀愀琀攀氀礀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀⸀ 刀攀瀀漀爀琀攀爀猀Ⰰ 氀漀漀欀椀渀最 昀漀爀 猀漀洀攀 攀搀最攀 椀渀 挀漀瘀攀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 猀琀漀爀礀Ⰰ 瀀愀爀猀攀搀 䈀甀猀栠ᤀ猀 爀攀洀愀爀欀猀 昀漀爀 猀漀洀攀 猀栀愀搀攀搀 洀攀愀渀椀渀最 昀爀漀洀 眀栀椀挀栀 琀栀攀礀 挀漀甀氀搀 搀攀搀甀挀攀 琀栀攀 昀漀爀琀栀挀漀洀椀渀最 瀀漀氀椀挀礀⸀ 䘀爀漀洀 愀 搀椀猀琀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 漀戀猀攀爀瘀攀爀猀 眀漀渀搀攀爀攀搀 椀昀 椀琀 眀愀猀 愀 搀攀攀瀀 瀀愀琀栀漀氀漀最礀 椀渀 䈀甀猀栠ᤀ猀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 猀琀礀氀攀Ⰰ 漀爀 眀栀攀琀栀攀爀 琀栀愀琀 猀琀礀氀攀 眀愀猀 栀愀爀搀ⴀ眀椀爀攀搀 椀渀琀漀 愀渀 愀瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀 琀栀愀琀 甀氀琀椀洀愀琀攀氀礀 瀀爀漀搀甀挀攀搀 猀栀愀爀瀀 瀀漀氀椀挀礀 愀渀搀 挀氀攀愀爀 最甀椀搀愀温ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㐵ㄠ〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛ㄴ㘠〠删⽘奚‵‷㠸畬汝ਯ乥硴‴㔲‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‴㔰‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⣾＀夀漀甠ᤀ爀攀 伀渀氀礀 愀猀 䜀漀漀搀 愀猀 夀漀甀爀 䰀愀猀琀 嘀椀挀琀漀爀礀 䰀椀欀攀 愀氀氀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 䈀甀猀栀 氀攀愀爀渀攀搀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 圀愀猀栀椀渀最琀漀渀 氀攀猀猀漀渀猀㨀 匀甀挀挀攀猀猀 氀愀猀琀猀 漀渀氀礀 甀渀琀椀氀 琀栀攀 渀攀砀琀 挀爀椀猀椀猀 渀甀搀最攀猀 椀琀 漀甀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 眀愀礀⸀ 吀栀攀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀 愀瀀瀀氀愀甀搀攀搀 栀椀猀 栀愀渀搀氀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀攀瀀琀攀洀戀攀爀 ㄀㄀ 愀琀琀愀挀欀猀 戀礀 猀攀渀搀椀渀最 栀椀猀 愀瀀瀀爀漀瘀愀氀 爀愀琀椀渀最 椀渀琀漀 琀栀攀 猀琀爀愀琀漀猀瀀栀攀爀攀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 䴀椀搀搀氀攀 䔀愀猀琀 琀甀爀洀漀椀氀 愀渀搀 挀漀爀瀀漀爀愀琀攀 猀挀愀渀搀愀氀猀 琀栀爀攀愀琀攀渀攀搀 琀漀 猀栀愀琀琀攀爀 栀椀猀 愀最攀渀搀愀⸀ 倀漀氀椀琀椀挀愀氀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀 栀愀猀 愀氀眀愀礀猀 戀攀攀渀 昀氀攀攀琀椀渀最Ⰰ 戀甀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 氀椀最栀琀渀椀渀最ⴀ昀愀猀琀 渀攀眀猀 挀礀挀氀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 ㈀㄀猀琀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀Ⰰ 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀 挀愀渀 攀瘀愀瀀漀爀愀琀攀 昀愀猀琀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 攀瘀攀爀 戀攀昀漀爀攀⸀ 伀渀 琀栀攀 漀琀栀攀爀 栀愀渀搀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 戀攀猀琀 眀愀礀 琀漀 攀渀猀甀爀攀 昀甀琀甀爀攀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀 椀猀 琀漀 戀甀椀氀搀 漀渀 瀀愀猀琀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀⸀ 䄀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀 眀栀漀 挀愀渀 搀攀昀椀渀攀 栀椀猀 愀最攀渀搀愠᐀愀渀搀 琀栀攀渀 猀琀椀挀欀 琀漀 椀琠᐀椀猀 昀愀爀 洀漀爀攀 氀椀欀攀氀礀 琀漀 猀琀愀礀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀昀甀氀氀礀 漀渀 琀爀愀挀欀 眀栀攀渀 攀瘀攀渀琀猀 琀栀爀攀愀琀攀渀 琀漀 搀攀爀愀椀氀 椀琀⸀ 䄀洀漀渀最 洀漀搀攀爀渀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀猀Ⰰ 䈀甀猀栀 眀愀猀 渀漀琀愀戀氀攀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 甀渀挀漀洀洀漀渀 昀漀挀甀猀 栀攀 戀爀漀甀最栀琀 琀漀 栀椀猀 椀渀椀琀椀愀氀 愀最攀渀搀愀Ⰰ 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 眀愀礀 栀攀 瀀甀爀猀甀攀搀 椀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀Ⰰ 洀漀猀琀 漀昀 愀氀氀Ⰰ 昀漀爀 栀漀眀 栀攀 栀愀甀氀攀搀 琀栀攀 猀琀爀愀琀攀最礀 戀愀挀欀 琀漀 栀椀猀 搀爀椀瘀椀渀最 琀栀攀洀攀猀 搀攀猀瀀椀琀攀 栀甀爀爀椀挀愀渀攀ⴀ昀漀爀挀攀 挀爀漀猀猀眀椀渀搀猀⸀ 䤀渀 栀椩ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㐵㈠〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛ㄴ㠠〠删⽘奚‵‷㠸畬汝ਯ乥硴‴㔳‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‴㔱‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⣾＀䈀甀猀栀 䰀攀猀猀漀渀猀 吀栀攀 昀椀爀猀琀 猀琀攀瀀猀 最椀瘀攀 氀愀猀琀椀渀最 猀椀最渀愀氀猀⸀ 䈀甀猀栀 欀渀攀眀 昀爀漀洀 栀椀猀 猀琀甀搀礀 漀昀 瀀爀攀瘀椀漀甀猀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀挀椀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 洀愀渀礀 漀昀 栀椀猀 瀀爀攀搀攀挀攀猀猀漀爀猀 猀琀愀爀琀攀搀 漀昀昀 戀愀氀愀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 猀琀爀甀最最氀攀搀 琀漀 爀攀最愀椀渀 琀栀攀椀爀 昀漀漀琀椀渀最⸀ 䠀攀 眀漀爀欀攀搀 栀愀爀搀 琀漀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀樀攀挀琀 愀 挀漀渀昀椀搀攀渀琀 猀琀爀椀搀攀Ⰰ 椀渀 猀琀礀氀攀 愀渀搀 猀甀戀猀琀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 戀攀挀愀甀猀攀 栀攀 欀渀攀眀 琀栀愀琀 昀椀爀猀琀 椀洀瀀爀攀猀猀椀漀渀猀 氀愀猀琀⸀ 䐀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 愀 瀀氀愀渠᐀愀渀搀 猀琀椀挀欀 琀漀 椀琀⸀ 圀爀椀琀椀渀最 愀 瀀氀愀渀 椀猀 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 攀愀猀礀⸀ 䠀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 眀栀愀琀 栀愀瀀瀀攀渀猀 眀栀攀渀 甀渀昀漀爀攀猀攀攀渀 挀爀椀猀攀猀 愀爀椀猀攀 愀渀搀 搀攀洀愀渀搀 愀琀琀攀渀琀椀漀渀㼀 䈀甀猀栀 搀攀愀氀琀 挀愀爀攀昀甀氀氀礀 愀渀搀 搀攀挀椀猀椀瘀攀氀礀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 挀爀椀猀攀猀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 栀攀 渀攀瘀攀爀 昀漀爀最漀琀 琀栀攀 洀愀椀渀 瀀漀椀渀琀猀 漀昀 栀椀猀 猀琀爀愀琀攀最礀 愀渀搀 挀漀渀猀琀愀渀琀氀礀 爀攀琀甀爀渀攀搀 琀漀 攀洀瀀栀愀猀椀稀攀 琀栀攀洀⸀ 䐀漀渠ᤀ琀 昀椀最栀琀 戀愀琀琀氀攀猀 礀漀甀 挀愀渠ᤀ琀 眀椀渀⸀ 倀愀爀琀 漀昀 䈀甀猀栠ᤀ猀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀 挀愀洀攀 昀爀漀洀 挀栀漀漀猀椀渀最 昀椀最栀琀猀 栀攀 挀漀甀氀搀 眀椀渠᐀愀渀搀 愀瘀漀椀搀椀渀最 戀攀椀渀最 攀渀琀愀渀最氀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀漀猀攀 (like the California energy crisis and the Middle East conflict⤀ 眀栀攀爀攀 栀攀 眀愀猀渠ᤀ琀 猀甀爀攀 栀攀 挀漀甀氀搀 猀甀挀挀攀攀搀⸀ 一攀瘀攀爀 愀氀氀漀眀 搀椀猀瀀甀琀攀猀 愀洀漀渀最 愀椀搀攀猀 琀漀 猀椀洀洀攀爀 琀漀漀 氀漀渀最⸀ 䈀甀猀栀 猀栀漀眀攀搀 爀攀洀愀爀欀愀戀氀攀 瀀愀琀椀攀渀挀攀 椀渀 愀氀氀漀眀椀渀最 栀椀猀 愀椀搀攀猀 琀漀 戀愀琀琀氀攀 攀愀挀栀 漀琀栀攀爀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 琀栀攀 洀攀搀椀愀 愀戀漀甀琀 琀栀攩ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㐵㌠〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛ㄵ〠〠删⽘奚‵‷㠸畬汝ਯ乥硴‴㔴‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‴㔲‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⣾＀䌀栀愀瀀琀攀爀 㔀㨀 吀栀攀 䤀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 䴀攀猀猀愀最攀 伀瘀攀爀瘀椀攀眀†ᰀ䤀†☀ 栀愀搀 琀栀攀 爀攀猀瀀漀渀猀椀戀椀氀椀琀礀 琀漀 猀栀漀眀 爀攀猀漀氀瘀攀⸀ 䤀 栀愀搀 琀漀 猀栀漀眀 琀栀攀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀 琀栀攀 爀攀猀漀氀瘀攀 漀昀 愀 挀漀洀洀愀渀搀攀爀 椀渀 挀栀椀攀昀 琀栀愀琀 眀愀猀 最漀椀渀最 琀漀 搀漀 眀栀愀琀攀瘀攀爀 椀琀 琀漀漀欀 琀漀 眀椀渀⸀ 一漀 礀椀攀氀搀椀渀最⸀ 一漀 攀焀甀椀瘀漀挀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 一漀Ⰰ 礀漀甀 欀渀漀眀Ⰰ 氀愀眀礀攀爀椀渀最 琀栀椀猀 琀栀椀渀最 琀漀 搀攀愀琀栀Ⰰ 琀栀愀琀 眀攠ᤀ爀攀 愀昀琀攀爀 琀栀攀洀⸠ᴀ†᐀䜀攀漀爀最攀 圀⸀ 䈀甀猀栀Ⰰ 漀渀 愀搀搀爀攀猀猀椀渀最 琀栀攀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀 愀戀漀甀琀 琀攀爀爀漀爀椀猀洀 䠀攀 嬀䜀攀漀爀最攀 圀⸀ 䈀甀猀栀崀 猀琀愀礀猀 漀渀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䤀 琀栀椀渀欀 琀栀愀琀 爀攀愀氀氀礀 洀愀琀琀攀爀猀 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 愀渀礀琀栀椀渀最 攀氀猀攀⸀ 䠀攀 猀攀攀洀椀渀最氀礀 搀漀攀猀 渀漀琀 琀椀爀攀 漀昀 猀愀礀椀渀最 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 琀栀椀渀最 漀瘀攀爀 愀渀搀 漀瘀攀爀 愀渀搀 漀瘀攀爀 愀最愀椀渀⸀ 䤀昀 礀漀甀 愀猀欀 洀攀 眀栀愀琀 琀椀洀攀 椀琀 椀猀Ⰰ 䤠ᤀ洀 氀椀欀攀氀礀 琀漀 琀攀氀氀 礀漀甀 愀戀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 栀椀猀琀漀爀礀 漀昀 琀椀洀攀欀攀攀瀀椀渀最 愀渀搀 挀氀漀挀欀 洀愀欀椀渀最Ⰰ 愀戀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 洀愀渀甀昀愀挀琀甀爀攀 漀昀 琀椀洀攀瀀椀攀挀攀猀 愀渀搀 漀琀栀攀爀 昀漀爀洀猀 漀昀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 愀戀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 欀椀渀搀猀 漀昀 爀攀最甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 瀀甀琀 椀渀 瀀氀愀挀攀 戀礀 琀栀攀 最漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀⸀ 䤀昀 礀漀甀 愀猀欀 䜀攀漀爀最攀 䈀甀猀栀 眀栀愀琀 琀椀洀攀 椀琀 椀猀Ⰰ 栀攠ᤀ氀氀 猀愀礀Ⰰ†ᰀ䤀 琀栀椀渀欀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀猀 栀愀瘀攀 琀栀攀 爀椀最栀琀 琀漀 戀攀愀爀 愀爀洀猀⸠ᴀ†᐀䘀漀爀洀攀爀 吀攀砀愀猀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀漀爀 䄀渀渀 刀椀挀栀愀爀搀猀 䤀琀 椀猀 漀渀攀 琀栀椀渀最 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 愀 猀琀爀愀琀攀最礀⸀ 䤀琀 椀猀 焀甀椀琀攀 愀渀漀琀栀攀爀 琀漀 挀漀渀瘀椀渀挀攀 漀琀栀攀爀猀 琀漀 昩ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㐵㐠〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛ㄵ〠〠删⽘奚‵‷㠸畬汝ਯ乥硴‴㔵‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‴㔳‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⡃桡灴敲‵㨠周攠䥭灯牴慮捥映䵥獳慧攩ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㐵㔠〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛ㄵ㐠〠删⽘奚‵‷㠸畬汝ਯ乥硴‴㔶‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‴㔴‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⣾＀䴀愀渀愀最攀 琀栀攀 䴀攀搀椀愀 䤀渀 漀琀栀攀爀 眀漀爀搀猀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀 洀甀猀琀 猀琀爀甀最最氀攀 琀漀 戀攀 栀攀愀爀搀 愀渀搀Ⰰ 眀栀攀渀 栀攠ᤀ猀 栀攀愀爀搀Ⰰ 琀漀 洀愀欀攀 猀甀爀攀 琀栀愀琀 眀栀愀琀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀 愀爀攀 栀攀愀爀椀渀最 椀猀 眀栀愀琀 栀攠ᤀ猀 琀爀礀椀渀最 琀漀 猀愀礀⸀ 匀漀洀攀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攠᐀椀渀挀氀甀搀椀渀最 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀椀愀氀 愀搀瘀椀猀攀爀猠᐀挀礀渀椀挀愀氀氀礀 挀愀氀氀 琀栀椀猀†ᰀ猀瀀椀渀Ⱐᴀ 戀甀琀 琀栀攀 猀椀洀瀀氀攀 昀愀挀琀 椀猀 琀栀愀琀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀渀最 愀 挀氀攀愀爀Ⰰ 挀漀渀猀椀猀琀攀渀琀Ⰰ 搀椀最攀猀琀椀戀氀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀 椀猀 愀 搀椀昀昀椀挀甀氀琀 昀攀愀琀⸀ 匀漀 洀愀渀礀 搀椀瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀猀 挀漀洀瀀攀琀攀 昀漀爀 挀椀琀椀稀攀渀猠ᤀ 愀琀琀攀渀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 猀漀 洀愀渀礀 昀漀爀挀攀猀 挀愀渀 搀椀猀琀漀爀琀 琀栀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀Ⰰ 琀栀愀琀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀挀愀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琠ᤀ猀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀 椀猀 攀砀琀爀愀漀爀搀椀渀愀爀椀氀礀 搀椀昀昀椀挀甀氀琀⸀ 䄀琀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 琀椀洀攀Ⰰ 椀琠ᤀ猀 栀甀最攀氀礀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀⸀ 匀漀洀攀 琀栀椀渀最猀 洀愀欀攀 琀栀愀琀 樀漀戀 攀愀猀椀攀爀⸀ 圀栀椀琀攀 䠀漀甀猀攀 漀昀昀椀挀椀愀氀猀 漀昀琀攀渀 爀攀昀攀爀 琀漀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀猀 挀漀爀瀀猀 挀漀瘀攀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀 愀猀†ᰀ琀栀攀 稀漀漀⸠ᴀ 吀栀攀礀 漀昀琀攀渀 瘀椀攀眀 琀栀攀洀 愀猀 搀愀渀最攀爀漀甀猀 眀椀氀搀 愀渀椀洀愀氀猀 眀栀漀 洀椀最栀琀 猀渀愀瀀 愀琀 愀渀礀 洀漀洀攀渀琀Ⰰ 眀栀漀 洀甀猀琀 戀攀 挀愀爀攀昀甀氀氀礀 挀愀最攀搀 愀渀搀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀氀礀 昀攀搀⸀ 吀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀猀 挀漀爀瀀猀 最攀琀猀 椀琀猀 渀攀眀猀 琀栀爀漀甀最栀 愀 爀攀最甀氀愀爀 搀椀攀琀 漀昀 戀爀椀攀昀椀渀最猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 圀栀椀琀攀 䠀漀甀猀攀 瀀爀攀猀猀 爀漀漀洀Ⰰ 愀 挀爀漀眀搀攀搀 愀渀搀 猀漀洀攀眀栀愀琀 搀愀渀欀 猀瀀愀挀攀 愀戀漀瘀攀 眀栀愀琀 甀猀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀 琀栀攀 圀栀椀琀攀 䠀漀甀猀攀 猀眀椀洀洀椀渀最 瀀漀漀氀Ⰰ 眀栀攀爀攀 䨀漀栀渀 䘀⸀ 䬀攀渀渀攩ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㐵㘠〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛ㄵ㠠〠删⽘奚‵‷㠸畬汝ਯ乥硴‴㔷‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‴㔵‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⣾＀倀愀挀欀愀最攀 琀栀攀 匀琀漀爀礀Ⰰ 䘀攀攀搀 琀栀攀 娀漀漀䘀氀攀椀猀挀栀攀爠ᤀ猀 瀀爀攀搀攀挀攀猀猀漀爀猀 愀搀洀椀爀攀 栀椀猀 搀椀猀挀椀瀀氀椀渀攀搀 昀漀挀甀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀⸀ 䴀椀挀栀愀攀氀 䐀⸀ 䴀挀䌀甀爀爀礀 猀攀爀瘀攀搀 愀猀 䈀椀氀氀 䌀氀椀渀琀漀渠ᤀ猀 瀀爀攀猀猀 猀攀挀爀攀琀愀爀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 栀攀 漀昀琀攀渀 昀愀挀攀搀 眀椀氀搀 猀欀椀爀洀椀猀栀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀攀爀猀 琀爀礀椀渀最 琀漀 甀渀挀漀瘀攀爀 樀甀椀挀礀 搀攀琀愀椀氀猀 愀洀椀搀 琀栀攀 椀渀瘀攀猀琀椀最愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀琀漀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琠ᤀ猀 戀攀栀愀瘀椀漀爀⸀ 䴀挀䌀甀爀爀礀 戀攀氀椀攀瘀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 䘀氀攀椀猀挀栀攀爀 洀椀最栀琀 眀攀氀氀 栀愀瘀攀 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀攀搀 琀栀攀 欀攀礀 琀漀 搀攀愀氀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 圀栀椀琀攀 䠀漀甀猀攀 瀀爀攀猀猀 挀漀爀瀀猀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀†ᰀ琀漀 戀攀 瘀攀爀礀Ⰰ 瘀攀爀礀 搀椀猀挀椀瀀氀椀渀攀搀 愀渀搀 琀爀攀愀琀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀猀 氀椀欀攀 挀愀最攀搀 愀渀椀洀愀氀猀 愀渀搀 漀渀氀礀 昀攀攀搀 琀栀攀洀 漀渀 愀 爀攀最甀氀愀爀 猀挀栀攀搀甀氀攀⸠ᴀ 吀栀攀 猀琀爀愀琀攀最礀 眀漀爀欀攀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 洀攀搀椀愀 栀愀搀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 挀栀漀椀挀攀 戀甀琀 琀漀 琀漀氀攀爀愀琀攀 椀琀⸀ 䄀猀 䈀漀戀 匀挀栀椀攀昀昀攀爀Ⰰ 栀漀猀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䌀䈀匀 椀渀琀攀爀瘀椀攀眀 猀栀漀眀 䘀愀挀攀 琀栀攀 一愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 瀀甀琀 椀琀Ⰰ†ᰀ吀栀椀猀 椀猀 渀漀琀 愀渀 愀搀洀椀渀椀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 琀栀愀琠ᤀ猀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀攀搀 椀渀 愀 栀愀瀀瀀礀 瀀爀攀猀猀⸀ ⸀ ⸀ ⸀ 圀栀愀琀 琀栀攀礠ᤀ爀攀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀攀搀 椀渀 椀猀 最攀琀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀椀爀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀 愀挀爀漀猀猀⸠ᴀ 伀渀攀 猀椀最渀 漀昀 栀漀眀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀昀甀氀 琀栀攀 䈀甀猀栀 愀搀洀椀渀椀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 椀渀 洀愀渀愀最椀渀最 琀栀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀 椀猀 椀琀猀 猀欀椀氀氀 椀渀 挀爀攀愀琀椀渀最 渀攀眀猀 攀瘀攀渀琀猀⸀ 䔀瘀攀爀礀 漀挀挀愀猀椀漀渀 椀猀 愀 洀攀搀椀愀 攀瘀攀渀琀⸀ 䔀瘀攀爀礀 洀攀搀椀愀 攀瘩ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㐵㜠〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛ㄶ〠〠删⽘奚‵‷㠸畬汝ਯ乥硴‴㔸‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‴㔶‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⣾＀䠀愀瘀攀 愀 匀琀漀爀礠᐀愀渀搀 匀琀椀挀欀 琀漀 䤀琀吀栀攀 搀椀猀挀椀瀀氀椀渀攀搀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀 猀琀愀爀琀猀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀 栀椀洀猀攀氀昀⸀ 䄀猀 栀攀 猀栀漀眀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 ㈀ 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 挀愀洀瀀愀椀最渀⸀ 匀愀洀 䄀琀琀氀攀猀攀礀Ⰰ 愀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀攀爀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 䐀愀氀氀愀猀 䴀漀爀渀椀渀最 一攀眀猀 眀栀漀洀 琀栀攀 䈀甀猀栀 挀愀洀瀀愀椀最渀 爀攀最愀爀搀攀搀 愀猩ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㐵㠠〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛ㄶ㈠〠删⽘奚‵‷㠸畬汝ਯ乥硴‴㔹‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‴㔷‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⣾＀䘀椀渀搀 夀漀甀爀 伀眀渀 嘀漀椀挀攀 圀栀攀渀 匀琀攀攀爀椀渀最 吀栀爀漀甀最栀 䌀爀椀猀攀猀 一漀 洀愀琀琀攀爀 栀漀眀 栀愀爀搀 愀渀礀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀 琀爀椀攀猀Ⰰ 猀琀愀礀椀渀最 挀漀渀猀椀猀琀攀渀琀氀礀 漀渀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀 椀猀 椀洀瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀⸀ 刀攀瀀漀爀琀攀爀猀 氀椀瘀攀 琀漀 戀攀 昀攀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 琀栀攀礠ᤀ爀攀 愀氀猀漀 挀漀渀猀琀愀渀琀氀礀 漀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀漀眀氀 昀漀爀 昀爀攀猀栀 琀椀搀戀椀琀猀 渀漀琀 搀椀猀栀攀搀 漀甀琀 戀礀 琀栀攀椀爀 圀栀椀琀攀 䠀漀甀猀攀 欀攀攀瀀攀爀猀⸀ 伀氀搀 椀猀猀甀攀猀 挀漀洀攀 甀瀀 椀渀 渀攀眀 眀愀礀猀⸀ 一攀眀 椀猀猀甀攀猀 椀渀琀爀甀搀攀⸀ 倀爀漀戀氀攀洀猀 挀爀漀瀀 甀瀀 琀栀愀琀 搀漀渠ᤀ琀 昀椀琀 琀栀攀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀⸀ 䄀渀搀 挀爀椀猀攀猀 攀洀攀爀最攀 琀栀愀琀 椀渀攀瘀椀琀愀戀氀礀 琀愀欀攀 戀漀琀栀 琀栀攀 圀栀椀琀攀 䠀漀甀猀攀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 挀愀瀀椀琀愀氀 瀀爀攀猀猀 挀漀爀瀀猀 愀眀愀礀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀瀀氀愀渀渀攀搀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀椀愀氀 愀最攀渀搀愀⸀ 一漀琀 漀渀氀礀 搀漀 挀爀椀猀攀猀 猀琀爀愀椀渀 琀栀攀 猀琀爀愀琀攀最礀Ⰰ 琀栀攀礀 愀氀猀漀 挀栀愀氀氀攀渀最攀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琠ᤀ猀 愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 琀漀 猀瀀攀愀欀 琀漀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀猀⸀ 圀栀攀渀 攀瘀攀渀琀猀 猀甀搀搀攀渀氀礀 椀渀琀爀甀搀攀 漀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琠ᤀ猀 愀最攀渀搀愀Ⰰ 琀栀攀礀 戀甀洀瀀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琠ᤀ猀 洀攀猀猀愀最攀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 昀爀漀渀琀 瀀愀最攀猀⸀ 刀攀猀瀀漀渀搀椀渀最 琀漀 挀爀椀猀攀猀 挀愀渀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀 愀 眀栀漀氀攀 渀攀眀 猀琀爀愀琀攀最礀⸀ 䤀琀 愀氀猀漀 搀攀洀愀渀搀猀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀 爀攀愀猀猀甀爀攀 琀栀攀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀 愀渀搀 戀甀椀氀搀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 渀攀眀 瀀氀愀渀⸀ 伀渀 匀攀瀀琀攀洀戀攀爀 ㄀㄀ 琀栀攀猀攀 琀愀猀欀猀 挀栀愀氀氀攀渀最攀搀 䈀甀猀栀 椀渀 愀 眀愀礀 栀攀 栀愀搀 渀攀瘀攀爀 戀攀攀渀 琀攀猀琀攀搀⸀ 吀栀攀 瀀氀愀渀攀 挀爀愀猀栀攀猀 椀渀 一攀眀 夀漀爀欀Ⰰ 嘀椀爀最椀渀椀愀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 倀攀渀渀猀礀氀瘀愀渀椀愀 漩ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㐵㤠〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛ㄶ㠠〠删⽘奚‵‱㔷ㄠ湵汬崊⽎數琠㐶〠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㐵㠠〠刊⽔楴汥
Get Back on Message ⠀䔀瘀攀渀 䤀昀 䔀瘀攀渀琀猀 倀甀氀氀 夀漀甀 伀昀昀)After September 11, Team Bush faced a twin challenge: fighting the war on terrorism while getting back to the administration’s original goals. The January 2002 State of the Union Address, with its focus on the “axis of evil,” helped to accomplish part of this goal. The president suggested that the “axis” nations were involved in terrorism and that, therefore, an effective antiterrorism campaign required them to change their ways. That provided a bridge on the international issues, but getting back to the domestic issues proved more difficult. The administration tried to bring back its effort to privatize social security, and it explored several prescription drug measures. But soon another crisis emerged, this one—Enron—hitting disastrously close to Bush in Texas. By 2000, Enron had established itself as the sixth-largest energy company in the world. Revenues had doubled from the year before, and the company proudly put its name on the ne⤊㸾੥湤潢樊਴㘰‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬱㜲‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㐶ㄠ〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㐵㤠〠刊⽔楴汥
Listen to the Polls, But Don’t Be Ruled by Them In his campaign, Bush pledged not to govern based on polls. He said he was going to govern on principle, not on the findings of public opinion polls and focus groups. The promise was a barb at Bill Clinton, who polled more than any president in history, both to define his agenda and to shape his message. Cynics used to suggest, only half jokingly, that Clinton’s position on any issue was whatever 60 percent of Americans believed. His pollsters explored what vacation spot and which family pet would garner the most support by voters. Pollsters are not popular. They call people at mealtimes and, if they manage to get anyone to stay on the phone, ask probing questions. Citizens cynically ⠀愀渀搀 挀漀爀爀攀挀琀氀礀) suspect that politicians constantly use polls to spin issues. As columnist Joshua Green concluded, “One of the most dependable poll results is that people don’t like polling.” Bush’s promise to back away from polling was indeed a clever strate⤊㸾੥湤潢樊਴㘱‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬱㜶‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㐶㈠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㐶〠〠刊⽔楴汥
Link Message with DisciplineNo matter how effectively a president might craft and sell his message, however, it is only as good as his ability to deliver results. In the end, that is how all leaders are judged. The public would immediately sense whether a message was just a veneer papering over policies moving in opposite directions—or in too many different tracks at once. This is as true for a president as it is for a manager or a company executive. Message is key, but it is only one piece of the leadership jigsaw puzzle. For Team Bush, the message was the outside layer of the onion. The inside layer was discipline. The president insisted that his aides not only keep to the message, but also move that message consistently to products. That’s how Team Bush scored so many victories against such long odds.⤊㸾੥湤潢樊਴㘲‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬱㜸‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㐶㌠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㐶ㄠ〠刊⽔楴汥
Bush Lessons The medium really is the message. Marshall McLuhan’s famous work has become a cliché. But for executives, it could not be truer. Bush has mastered the art of using the media to communicate his message. Use the hunger of reporters for a good story to hone the message. Bush’s media team has mastered the art of feeding the media beast. Reporters constantly bristle at the control that Team Bush exerts over what they do and how they do it, but that control produced unusual clarity of message. The whole package makes the message. The administration has used all the tools at its disposal to package the message and how it looks. That lessens the chance that the media can mediate or alter the message, and it improves the direct tie from Bush to the American people. Focus the message by repeating it. And repeating it. Team Bush proved remarkably successful at keeping the message focused—and in getting debate back on message—by a simple technique. Whenever the president or his aides⤊㸾੥湤潢樊਴㘳‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬱㠰‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㐶㐠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㐶㈠〠刊⽔楴汥
Chapter 6: The Disciplined Chief Executive Overview “ … we don’t have a lot of last-minute scrambling. He [Bush] likes to have trust in the process, that he believes he considers every angle—and makes a choice.” —Bush speechwriter Michael Gerson “This is a buttoned-down administration, perhaps the most I’ve ever seen.” —Stephen Hess, Brookings Institution On the morning of February 7, 2001, Robert Pickett created chaos on the southwest side of the White House grounds. The Indiana man had fired a handgun, and that brought Secret Service agents and Washington police swarming to the scene. Tourists scattered as hostage negotiators arrived. Police negotiators demanded that Pickett put the gun down. When that failed, a Secret Service agent felled him with a single bullet to his leg. No one but the gunman was harmed in the late morning incident. Vice President Dick Cheney was at his desk, but President Bush was exercising in the White House residence. Some observers later snickered that Bush⤊㸾੥湤潢樊਴㘴‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬱㠰‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㐶㔠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㐶㌠〠刊⽔楴汥
䍨慰瑥爠㘺⁔桥⁄楳捩灬楮敤⁃桩敦⁅硥捵瑩癥⤊㸾੥湤潢樊਴㘵‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬱㠴‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㐶㘠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㐶㐠〠刊⽔楴汥
Exercise to Build Discipline Bush exercises six days a week. Most of the time it’s running—outside, if he can manage it; inside, on a treadmill, if he can’t. On Camp David weekends, he runs a tough three-mile course in the morning before going on a two-mile walk with his wife afterward. If he doesn’t run, he uses an elliptical trainer, stretches, and lifts weights. The White House outdoor track is short and the Secret Service’s security worries keep him off the nearby Mall. Not being able to do longer outdoor runs at the White House is “one of the saddest things about the presidency,” he’s said. Running, Bush explains, relieves stress, helps him sleep, breaks up his day, and recharges his batteries. Most of all, “it keeps me disciplined,” proclaimed Bush, who said he expects the same of his aides. Bush is no slouch on the course, and it’s transformed him into remarkable shape for a man in his mid-50s. His times range from 6:45 to 7:15 minutes for a mile. Following the September 11 atta⤊㸾੥湤潢樊਴㘶‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬱㠶‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㐶㜠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㐶㔠〠刊⽔楴汥
On Time, All the TimeAll presidents have strategies. All work hard to follow them. Success in executing them requires finding a way to quickly adapt existing strategies to new world events—to keep those events from pulling the manager away from the principal goals. For Bush, the key to adhering to his strategy and message lies in his relentless discipline. Nowhere is that discipline more important than in Bush’s penchant for punctuality. Bush insists on starting meetings promptly and ending them on time. He doesn’t suffer aides who arrive late. In Texas, Karl Rove once upset Bush by leaving a meeting to take a cell phone call. Bush promptly locked the door on him so he couldn’t get back in. Early in the administration, Karen Hughes received a presidential glower for being 10 minutes late for a meeting on social security. She told the president that she had been briefing the press on Dick Cheney’s health; it proved a barely good enough excuse. Staff members are expected to be present an⤊㸾੥湤潢樊਴㘷‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬱㠸‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㐶㠠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㐶㘠〠刊⽔楴汥
Calibrate the “Loyalty Thermometer” All presidential administrations have problems keeping their team members in line. Sometimes it takes time for people to gel in their positions. Sometimes cabinet secretaries, who rarely are shrinking violets, speak out on issues they care about, even if their passions don’t match presidential policy. In a single week, Treasury Secretary Paul O’Neill suggested ⠀椀渀 愀渀 甀渀瀀爀椀渀琀愀戀氀攀 瀀栀爀愀猀攀) that the administration’s 10-year budget surplus projections were unlikely to materialize. That undermined Bush’s case for his signature tax cut. Secretary of State Colin Powell suggested that the administration would continue along Bill Clinton’s path of strengthening relations with North Korea, which flew in the face of Bush’s “axis of evil” policy. Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy G. Thompson said he was troubled by congressional prohibitions on fetal stem-cell research, even though Bush at the time approved of the law. Senior adviser John J. DiIulio, Jr.⤊㸾੥湤潢樊਴㘸‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬱㤲‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㐶㤠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㐶㜠〠刊⽔楴汥
Build on Pragmatism, Not IdeologyBush avoided appointing ideologues to key jobs, with some exceptions—most notably Attorney General John Ashcroft. Given the strong support of the Republican right for his campaign, and the Republicans’ long exile during the Clinton years, that was no small feat. Leaders of the Religious Right and conservative Republicans pressed ideological true-believers on the Cheney-led transition team. Leading conservative intellectuals, like Paul Wolfowitz, found themselves shunted to second-tier positions, and big thinkers grumbled that it was a “NINA” administration—No Intellectuals Need Apply. The pattern continued during Bush’s first two years in office. When economic adviser Lawrence Lindsey resigned in December 2002, Bush replaced him with Stephen Friedman, former chairman of Goldman Sachs. Friedman has been active in the Concord Coalition, a group that had long argued for balanced budgets and fiscal restraint. Many key conservatives did not think he was 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㈀ 猀甀洀洀攀爀 瘀愀挀愀琀椀漀渀 挀漀渀猀琀愀渀琀氀礀 昀漀爀 挀愀洀瀀愀椀最渀 猀眀椀温ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㐷ㄠ〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛㈰㐠〠删⽘奚‵‷㠸畬汝ਯ乥硴‴㜲‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‴㜰‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⣾＀䈀甀猀栀 䰀攀猀猀漀渀猀 匀琀愀昀昀 搀椀猀挀椀瀀氀椀渀攀 戀攀最椀渀猀 眀椀琀栀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀愀氀 搀椀猀挀椀瀀氀椀渀攀⸀ 䘀爀漀洀 愀 琀漀甀最栀 攀砀攀爀挀椀猀攀 爀攀最椀洀攀渀 琀漀 愀 爀攀最甀氀愀爀 猀氀攀攀瀀椀渀最 爀攀最椀洀攀Ⰰ 䈀甀猀栀 戀攀氀椀攀瘀攀猀 琀栀愀琀 最漀漀搀 洀愀渀愀最攀爀猀 栀愀瘀攀 琀漀 猀琀愀礀 椀渀 琀漀瀀 挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 昀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀氀礀⸀ 䐀椀猀挀椀瀀氀椀渀攀 戀攀最椀渀猀 眀椀琀栀 爀攀猀瀀攀挀琀⸀ 倀攀漀瀀氀攀 眀栀漀 爀攀猀瀀攀挀琀 攀愀挀栀 漀琀栀攀爀 猀栀漀眀 甀瀀 昀漀爀 洀攀攀琀椀渀最猀 漀渀 琀椀洀攀Ⰰ 猀琀椀挀欀 琀漀 琀栀攀 椀猀猀甀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀攀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 焀甀攀猀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 吀栀愀琀 爀攀猀瀀攀挀琀Ⰰ 䈀甀猀栀 挀漀渀挀氀甀搀攀猀Ⰰ 戀爀攀攀搀猀 琀栀攀 搀椀猀挀椀瀀氀椀渀攀 愀渀 漀爀最愀渀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 渀攀攀搀猀⸀ 䄀氀氀漀眀 搀椀猀挀甀猀猀椀漀渀猠᐀戀甀琀 搀漀渠ᤀ琀 愀氀氀漀眀 琀栀攀洀 琀漀 猀椀洀洀攀爀 氀漀渀最 愀猀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀 搀椀猀瀀甀琀攀猀⸀ 䈀甀猀栀 氀攀愀爀渀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 栀椀猀 昀愀琀栀攀爠ᤀ猀 愀搀洀椀渀椀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 栀漀眀 挀漀爀爀漀猀椀瘀攀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀 戀愀琀琀氀攀猀 愀洀漀渀最 愀椀搀攀猀 挀愀渀 戀攀⸀ 䠀攀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 栀椀猀 漀眀渀 愀搀洀椀渀椀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 眀漀甀氀搀渠ᤀ琀 琀漀氀攀爀愀琀攀 琀栀攀洀⸀ 一漀 洀愀渀愀最攀爀 挀愀渀 戀攀 愀氀氀 搀椀猀挀椀瀀氀椀渀攀Ⰰ 愀氀氀 琀栀攀 琀椀洀攀⸀ 䈀甀猀栀 瀀爀漀最爀愀洀猀 戀爀攀愀欀猀 椀渀琀漀 栀椀猀 眀攀攀欀 愀渀搀 氀漀渀最攀爀 瘀愀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀琀漀 栀椀猀 猀挀栀攀搀甀氀攀⸀ 匀漀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀猀攀 戀爀攀愀欀猀 挀愀渀 戀攀 昀爀攀渀攀琀椀挀Ⰰ 椀渀 琀栀攀 䈀甀猀栀 昀愀洀椀氀礀 琀爀愀搀椀琀椀漀渀⸀ 䈀甀琀 栀攠ᤀ猀 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀攀搀 眀栀愀琀 爀攀氀愀砀攀猀 栀椀洀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 戀攀氀椀攀瘀攀猀 愀氀氀 洀愀渀愀最攀爀猀 栀愀瘀攀 琀漀 搀漀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀⸩ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㐷㈠〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛㈰㘠〠删⽘奚‵‷㠸畬汝ਯ乥硴‴㜳‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‴㜱‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⣾＀䌀栀愀瀀琀攀爀 㜀㨀 䰀攀瘀攀爀愀最椀渀最 䄀猀猀攀琀猀 伀瘀攀爀瘀椀攀眀 䜀攀漀爀最攀 䈀甀猀栀 愀渀搀 猀攀瘀攀爀愀氀 琀愀氀攀渀琀攀搀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀 愀爀漀甀渀搀 栀椀洀 栀愀瘀攀 洀愀搀攀 琀栀攀 圀栀椀琀攀 䠀漀甀猀攀 愀 瀀漀眀攀爀 挀攀渀琀攀爀 椀渀 眀愀礀猀 琀栀愀琀 䤀 栀愀瘀攀渠ᤀ琀 猀攀攀渀 椀渀 愀 氀漀渀最 琀椀洀攠᐀愀氀氀 琀栀攀 眀愀礀 戀愀挀欀 琀漀 䰀礀渀搀漀渀 䨀漀栀渀猀漀渀⸀ 吀栀愀琀 椀猀 愀 戀椀最 猀琀愀琀攀洀攀渀琀⸀†᐀刀漀戀攀爀琀 匀⸀ 匀琀爀愀甀猀猀Ⰰ 昀漀爀洀攀爀 挀栀愀椀爀洀愀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䐀攀洀漀挀爀愀琀椀挀 倀愀爀琀礀 愀渀搀 氀漀渀最琀椀洀攀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀椀愀氀 愀搀瘀椀猀攀爀 䤀渀 琀栀攀 瀀愀猀琀Ⰰ 琀栀漀猀攀 眀栀漀 昀漀漀氀椀猀栀氀礀 猀漀甀最栀琀 瀀漀眀攀爀 戀礀 爀椀搀椀渀最 漀渀 琀栀攀 戀愀挀欀 漀昀 琀栀攀 琀椀最攀爀 攀渀搀攀搀 甀瀀 椀渀猀椀搀攀⸀†᐀䨀漀栀渀 䘀⸀ 䬀攀渀渀攀搀礀 吀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琠ᤀ猀 樀漀戀 挀漀洀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 猀甀爀瀀爀椀猀椀渀最氀礀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 瀀漀眀攀爀⸀ 吀栀攀 挀栀椀攀昀 攀砀攀挀甀琀椀瘀攠ᤀ猀 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀愀渀挀攀 搀攀瀀攀渀搀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 瀀漀眀攀爀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀 挀愀渀 戀甀椀氀搠᐀愀渀搀 欀攀攀瀀⸀ 刀椀挀栀愀爀搀 一椀砀漀渀 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 琀爀甀琀栀 琀栀攀 栀愀爀搀 眀愀礀⸀ 䤀渀 樀甀猀琀 琀眀漀 猀栀漀爀琀 礀攀愀爀猀Ⰰ 栀攀 眀攀渀琀 昀爀漀洀 漀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 戀椀最最攀猀琀 攀氀攀挀琀漀爀愀氀 氀愀渀搀猀氀椀搀攀猀 椀渀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 栀椀猀琀漀爀礀 琀漀 愀 爀攀猀椀最渀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 搀椀猀最爀愀挀攀⸀ 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀猀 最爀攀攀琀攀搀 䨀椀洀洀礀 䌀愀爀琀攀爠ᤀ猀 猀椀渀挀攀爀椀琀礀 戀甀琀 昀漀甀渀搀 栀椀洀 眀攀愀欀 椀渀 搀攀愀氀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 䤀爀愀渀椀愀渀 栀漀猀琀愀最攀 挀爀椀猀椀猀⸀ 刀漀渀愀氀搀 刀攀愀最愀渀 眀愀猀 氀椀漀渀椀稀攀搀Ⰰ 渀漀琀 漀渀氀礀 戀礀 挀漀渀猀攀爀瘀愀琀椀瘀攀猀 戀甀琀 戀礀 洀愀渀礀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀猀⸀ 䄀渀搀 䈀甀猀栀 㐀㄀ 昀攀氀氀 昀爀漀洀 猀琀爀愀琀漀猀瀀栀攀爀椀挀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀愀氀 瀀漀瀀甩ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㐷㌠〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛㈰㘠〠删⽘奚‵‷㠸畬汝ਯ乥硴‴㜴‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‴㜲‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⡃桡灴敲‷㨠䱥癥牡杩湧⁁獳整猩ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㐷㐠〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛㈱〠〠删⽘奚‵‷㠸畬汝ਯ乥硴‴㜵‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‴㜳‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⣾＀䘀漀挀甀猀 夀漀甀爀 倀漀眀攀爀 琀漀 䔀渀栀愀渀挀攀 夀漀甀爀 匀琀爀攀渀最琀栀䈀甀猀栀 眀愀猀 渀漀 猀琀爀愀渀最攀爀 琀漀 猀甀挀栀 愀 樀漀戀Ⰰ 栀漀眀攀瘀攀爀⸀ 䰀漀渀最琀椀洀攀 吀攀砀愀猀 挀漀氀甀洀渀椀猀琀 愀渀搀 眀愀最 䴀漀氀氀礀 䤀瘀椀渀猀 渀漀琀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 吀攀砀愀猀 栀愀猀 愀†ᰀ眀攀愀欀ⴀ最漀瘀攀爀渀漀爠ᴀ 猀礀猀琀攀洀⸀ 䤀渀 昀愀挀琀Ⰰ 猀栀攀 愀爀最甀攀猀Ⰰ 渀漀琀 漀渀氀礀 椀猀 琀栀攀 最漀瘀攀爀渀漀爀 渀漀琀 琀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 瀀漀眀攀爀昀甀氀 猀琀愀琀攀眀椀搀攀 漀昀昀椀挀椀愀氠᐀琀栀攀 漀昀昀椀挀攀 爀愀渀欀猀 昀椀昀琀栀Ⰰ 戀攀栀椀渀搀 琀栀攀 氀椀攀甀琀攀渀愀渀琀 最漀瘀攀爀渀漀爀Ⰰ 愀琀琀漀爀渀攀礀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀Ⰰ 挀漀洀瀀琀爀漀氀氀攀爀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 氀愀渀搀 挀漀洀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀攀爀⸀ 䴀愀渀礀 漀戀猀攀爀瘀攀爀猀 眀漀甀氀搀 搀椀猀愀最爀攀攀 眀椀琀栀 栀攀爀 爀愀渀欀椀渀最Ⰰ 戀甀琀 琀栀攀 猀椀洀瀀氀攀 昀愀挀琀 椀猀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 吀攀砀愀猀 最漀瘀攀爀渀漀爀 栀愀猀 爀攀氀愀琀椀瘀攀氀礀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 爀攀愀氀 瀀漀眀攀爀⸀ 吀栀攀 猀琀愀琀攀 栀愀猀 栀甀渀搀爀攀搀猀 漀昀 戀漀愀爀搀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀洀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 愀瀀瀀漀椀渀琀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 最漀瘀攀爀渀漀爀⸀ 吀栀攀 琀攀爀洀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀椀爀 氀攀愀搀攀爀猀 漀昀琀攀渀 漀瘀攀爀氀愀瀀 琀栀攀 最漀瘀攀爀渀漀爠ᤀ猀 琀攀爀洀Ⰰ 猀漀 渀攀眀 最漀瘀攀爀渀漀爀猀 挀愀渀 昀椀渀搀 琀栀攀洀猀攀氀瘀攀猀 猀甀爀爀漀甀渀搀攀搠᐀漀甀琀渀甀洀戀攀爀攀搀 愀渀搀 漀甀琀最甀渀渀攀搠᐀戀礀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀瘀椀漀甀猀 最漀瘀攀爀渀漀爠ᤀ猀 愀瀀瀀漀椀渀琀攀攀猀⸀ 伀渀挀攀 愀瀀瀀漀椀渀琀攀搀Ⰰ 洀漀猀琀 挀愀渠ᤀ琀 戀攀 爀攀洀漀瘀攀搀⸀ 䄀猀 䤀瘀椀渀猀 瀀漀椀渀琀攀搀 漀甀琀Ⰰ 栀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 樀漀戀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀猀 愀 戀甀氀氀礀 瀀甀氀瀀椀琀 昀爀漀洀 眀栀椀挀栀 琀栀攀 最漀瘀攀爀渀漀爀 挀愀渀 猀瀀攀愀欠᐀愀渀搀 琀爀礀 琀漀 氀攀愀搀⸀ 䐀攀猀瀀椀琀攀 琀栀攀 眀攀愀欀 瀀漀眀攀爀猀Ⰰ 䈀甀猀栀 戀攀挀愀洀攀 愀 栀甀最攀氀礀 瀀漀瀀甀氀愀爀 最漀瘀攀爀渀漀爀 眀栀漀 眀愀猀 愀戀氀攀 琀漀 挀愀洀瀀愀椀最渀 昀漀爩ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㐷㔠〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛㈱㐠〠删⽘奚‵‷㠸畬汝ਯ乥硴‴㜶‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‴㜴‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⣾＀䐀漀渠ᤀ琀 吀愀欀攀 䄀氀氀椀攀猀 昀漀爀 䜀爀愀渀琀攀搀䨀漀戀 伀渀攀 眀愀猀 搀攀愀氀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 䌀漀渀最爀攀猀猀⸀ 圀椀琀栀漀甀琀 愀 眀漀爀欀椀渀最 爀攀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀栀椀瀀 眀椀琀栀 氀攀最椀猀氀愀琀漀爀猀 漀渀 䌀愀瀀椀琀漀氀 䠀椀氀氀Ⰰ 䈀甀猀栀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 愀 氀愀洀攀 搀甀挀欀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 栀攀 栀愀搀 愀 挀栀愀渀挀攀 琀漀 猀琀愀爀琀⸀ 刀攀瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀渀猀 眀攀爀攀 愀渀砀椀漀甀猀 琀漀 洀漀瘀攀 琀栀攀椀爀 氀漀渀最ⴀ猀琀愀氀氀攀搀 愀最攀渀搀愠᐀愀渀搀 琀漀 爀攀猀琀漀爀攀 琀栀攀 栀攀愀搀礀 搀愀礀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 刀攀愀最愀渀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀挀礀⸀ 䐀攀洀漀挀爀愀琀猀 眀攀爀攀 眀愀爀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 渀攀眀 愀搀洀椀渀椀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渠ᤀ猀 愀最攀渀搀愀 椀琀攀洀猀⸀ 圀椀琀栀 猀甀挀栀 渀愀爀爀漀眀 瀀愀爀琀礀 猀瀀氀椀琀猠᐀愀 渀椀渀攀ⴀ瘀漀琀攀 攀搀最攀 昀漀爀 刀攀瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀渀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䠀漀甀猀攀 愀渀搀 愀 搀攀愀搀ⴀ攀瘀攀渀 猀瀀氀椀琀 椀渀 琀栀攀 匀攀渀愀琀攠᐀琀栀攀爀攀 眀愀猀 渀漀 洀愀爀最椀渀 昀漀爀 攀爀爀漀爀Ⰰ 漀渀 愀渀礀漀渀攠ᤀ猀 瀀愀爀琀⸀ 䈀甀猀栠ᤀ猀 椀渀椀琀椀愀氀 猀琀爀愀琀攀最礀 昀漀爀 搀攀愀氀椀渀最 眀椀琀栀 䌀漀渀最爀攀猀猀 眀愀猀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 漀渀攀 栀攀 栀愀搀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀昀甀氀氀礀 甀猀攀搀 椀渀 吀攀砀愀猀⸀ 伀渀攀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀攀爀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 栀椀洀†ᰀ愀 眀漀爀氀搀ⴀ挀氀愀猀猀 猀挀栀洀漀漀稀攀爠ᴀ 眀栀漀 戀甀椀氀琀 氀攀最椀猀氀愀琀椀瘀攀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀 漀渀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀愀氀 爀攀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀栀椀瀀猀⸀ 䠀椀猀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀愀氀 琀椀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 氀攀最攀渀搀愀爀礀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀瘀攀渀 䐀攀洀漀挀爀愀琀猀 愀搀洀椀琀琀攀搀 氀椀欀椀渀最 栀椀洠᐀琀漀 琀栀攀 瀀漀椀渀琀 琀栀愀琀 漀渀攀 䐀攀洀漀挀爀愀琀椀挀 氀攀最椀猀氀愀琀椀瘀攀 氀攀愀搀攀爀 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀攀搀 漀渀 愀 ㈀ 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   挀愀洀瀀愀椀最渀Ⰰ 䈀甀猀栀 猀愀椀搀 戀氀甀渀琀氀礀㨀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀猀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 爀攀猀甀氀琀猀ⴀ漀爀椀攀渀琀攀搀⸀ ⸀ ⸀ ⸀ 圀栀攀爀攀 眀攀 昀椀渀搀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀Ⰰ 眀攀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 爀攀瀀攀愀琀 椀琀Ⱙਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㐸〠〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛㈳〠〠删⽘奚‵‷㠸畬汝ਯ乥硴‴㠱‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‴㜹‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⣾＀伀甀琀昀氀愀渀欀 䌀爀椀琀椀挀猠᐀儀甀椀挀欀氀礀䈀漀琀栀 琀栀攀猀攀 猀琀爀愀琀攀最椀攀猠᐀爀攀戀愀氀愀渀挀椀渀最 瀀漀眀攀爀 眀椀琀栀 䌀漀渀最爀攀猀猀 愀渀搀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀椀渀最 氀攀瘀攀爀愀最攀 漀瘀攀爀 琀栀攀 攀砀攀挀甀琀椀瘀攀 戀爀愀渀挀栠᐀挀愀洀攀 琀漀最攀琀栀攀爀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琠ᤀ猀 瀀爀漀瀀漀猀愀氀 昀漀爀 愀 渀攀眀 䐀攀瀀愀爀琀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 䠀漀洀攀氀愀渀搀 匀攀挀甀爀椀琀礀⸀ 䤀渀 琀栀攀 愀昀琀攀爀洀愀琀栀 漀昀 匀攀瀀琀攀洀戀攀爀 ㄀㄀Ⰰ 挀爀椀琀椀挀猀 愀爀最甀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 愀搀洀椀渀椀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 栀愀搀 昀甀洀戀氀攀搀 漀瘀攀爀 欀攀礀 瀀椀攀挀攀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀氀氀椀最攀渀挀攀 琀栀愀琀 洀椀最栀琀 栀愀瘀攀 愀氀攀爀琀攀搀 漀昀昀椀挀椀愀氀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 愀琀琀愀挀欀猀⸀ 䌀愀氀氀猀 愀爀漀猀攀 愀氀洀漀猀琀 椀洀洀攀搀椀愀琀攀氀礀 昀漀爀 爀攀猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 最漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀 琀漀 挀漀瀀攀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 渀攀眀 琀栀爀攀愀琀⸀ 吀栀攀 䈀甀猀栀 愀搀洀椀渀椀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀甀最栀琀 琀栀愀琀 愀爀最甀洀攀渀琀 昀椀攀爀挀攀氀礀⸀ 一漀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 欀攀礀 瀀氀愀礀攀爀猠᐀䐀攀昀攀渀猀攀Ⰰ 匀琀愀琀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 䘀䈀䤀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 䌀䤀䄠᐀眀愀渀琀攀搀 琀漀 戀攀 爀攀漀爀最愀渀椀稀攀搀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀愀挀栀 漀渀攀 栀愀搀 愀 瀀漀眀攀爀昀甀氀 挀栀愀洀瀀椀漀渀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琠ᤀ猀 椀渀渀攀爀 挀椀爀挀氀攀⸀ 伀瘀攀爀 琀栀攀 渀攀砀琀 昀攀眀 洀漀渀琀栀猀Ⰰ 栀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 爀攀瀀漀爀琀攀爀猀 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 琀栀攀 愀琀琀愀挀欀猀Ⰰ 琀眀漀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 䘀䈀䤀 愀最攀渀琀猀 栀愀搀 眀愀爀渀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 猀甀猀瀀椀挀椀漀甀猀 椀渀搀椀瘀椀搀甀愀氀猀 眀攀爀攀 猀攀攀欀椀渀最 昀氀椀最栀琀 琀爀愀椀渀椀渀最⸀ 䄀 䴀椀渀渀攀愀瀀漀氀椀猀 愀最攀渀琠᐀䌀漀氀氀攀攀渀 刀漀眀氀攀礀Ⰰ 氀愀琀攀爀 渀愀洀攀搀 漀渀攀 漀昀 吀椀洀攠ᤀ猀†ᰀ瀀攀爀猀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 礀攀愀爠ᴠ᐀眀爀漀琀攀 愀 搀攀瘀愀猀琀愀琀椀渀最 ㄀㈀ⴀ瀀愀最攀 洀攀洀漀 猀甀最最攀猀琀椀渀最 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 昀椀攀氀搀 猩ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㐸ㄠ〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛㈳㐠〠删⽘奚‵‷㠸畬汝ਯ乥硴‴㠲‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‴㠰‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⣾＀匀栀椀昀琀椀渀最 琀栀攀 䈀愀氀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 倀漀眀攀爀一漀琀 漀渀氀礀 搀椀搀 䈀甀猀栀 栀愀瘀攀 愀渀 愀洀戀椀琀椀漀甀猀Ⰰ 椀昀 栀椀最栀氀礀 昀漀挀甀猀攀搀Ⰰ 瀀漀氀椀挀礀 愀最攀渀搀愀 眀栀攀渀 栀攀 挀愀洀攀 椀渀琀漀 漀昀昀椀挀攀⸀ 䠀攀 愀氀猀漀 戀攀氀椀攀瘀攀搀 搀攀攀瀀氀礀 琀栀愀琀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀 搀攀瀀攀渀搀攀搀 漀渀 猀琀爀攀渀最琀栀攀渀椀渀最 琀栀攀 漀昀昀椀挀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀挀礀⸀ 吀栀愀琀 眀愀猀 愀琀 琀栀攀 挀漀爀攀 漀昀 栀椀猀 洀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀 猀琀礀氀攀⸀ 圀栀椀氀攀 瀀漀氀椀挀椀攀猀 挀漀洀攀 愀渀搀 最漀Ⰰ 栀攀 甀渀搀攀爀猀琀漀漀搀 琀栀愀琀 猀栀椀昀琀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 椀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀椀漀渀愀氀 戀愀氀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 瀀漀眀攀爀 漀昀琀攀渀 栀愀瘀攀 昀愀爀 搀攀攀瀀攀爀 愀渀搀 氀愀猀琀椀渀最 椀洀瀀愀挀琀⸀ 䄀琀 琀栀攀 戀攀最椀渀渀椀渀最 漀昀 栀椀猀 琀攀爀洀Ⰰ 猀漀洀攀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀 猀愀眀 䈀甀猀栀 㐀㌀ 愀猀 愀 挀漀渀琀椀渀甀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀挀礀 漀昀 䈀甀猀栀 㐀㄀⸀ 䌀愀爀琀漀漀渀椀猀琀猀 愀渀搀 挀漀氀甀洀渀椀猀琀猀 昀漀甀渀搀 琀栀攀 搀礀渀愀猀琀椀挀 琀栀攀洀攀 椀爀爀攀猀椀猀琀椀戀氀攀⸀ 匀漀洀攀 刀攀瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀渀猀 焀甀椀攀琀氀礀 栀漀瀀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 䈀甀猀栀 愀搀洀椀渀椀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 眀漀甀氀搀 洀愀爀欀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 眀栀愀琀 琀栀攀礀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 琀栀攀 刀攀愀最愀渀 刀攀瘀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 氀愀甀渀挀栀攀搀 椀渀 ㄀㤀㠀 Ⰰ 挀漀渀琀椀渀甀攀搀 椀渀 琀栀攀 䈀甀猀栀 猀攀渀椀漀爀 礀攀愀爀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 椀渀琀攀爀爀甀瀀琀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 攀椀最栀琀 䌀氀椀渀琀漀渀 礀攀愀爀猀⸀ 䈀甀猀栠ᤀ猀 椀渀猀椀猀琀攀渀挀攀 漀渀 搀椀猀愀爀洀椀渀最 匀愀搀搀愀洀 䠀甀猀猀攀椀渀Ⰰ 眀栀漀 栀愀搀 琀爀椀攀搀 琀漀 栀愀瘀攀 䈀甀猀栀 㐀㄀ 欀椀氀氀攀搀Ⰰ 昀攀搀 琀栀攀 昀漀爀洀攀爀 戀攀氀椀攀昀⸀ 䠀椀猀 椀渀椀琀椀愀氀 琀愀砀 挀甀琀 瀀氀愀渀 栀攀氀瀀攀搀 挀漀渀昀椀爀洀 琀栀攀 氀愀琀琀攀爀⸀ 䈀甀琀 猀攀攀椀渀最 䈀甀猀栀Ⰰ 椀渀 猀甀戀猀琀愀渀挀攀 愀渀搀 猀琀礀氀攀Ⰰ 愀猀 攀砀琩ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㐸㈠〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛㈳㘠〠删⽘奚‵‷㠸畬汝ਯ乥硴‴㠳‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‴㠱‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⣾＀䈀甀猀栀 䰀攀猀猀漀渀猀 倀漀眀攀爀 栀愀猀 琀漀 戀攀 戀甀椀氀琀⸀ 䘀爀漀洀 栀椀猀 挀氀漀猀攀 漀戀猀攀爀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 栀椀猀 昀愀琀栀攀爠ᤀ猀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀挀礀Ⰰ 䈀甀猀栀 欀渀攀眀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 樀漀戀 挀漀洀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 爀攀猀攀爀瘀漀椀爀 漀昀 瀀漀眀攀爀⸀ 䄀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀 栀愀猀 琀漀 眀漀爀欀 栀愀爀搀 琀漀 昀椀氀氀 琀栀愀琀 爀攀猀攀爀瘀漀椀爀 椀渀 漀爀搀攀爀 琀漀 最攀琀 愀渀礀琀栀椀渀最 搀漀渀攀⸀ 吀愀爀最攀琀 礀漀甀爀 攀昀昀漀爀琀⸀ 䈀漀琀栀 椀渀 吀攀砀愀猀 愀渀搀 椀渀 圀愀猀栀椀渀最琀漀渀Ⰰ 䈀甀猀栀 眀愀猀 挀漀渀瘀椀渀挀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 琀漀漀 洀愀渀礀 最漀愀氀猀 眀攀爀攀 眀漀爀猀攀 琀栀愀渀 渀漀 最漀愀氀猀 愀琀 愀氀氀⸀ 䄀 昀漀挀甀猀攀搀 猀琀爀愀琀攀最礀 眀愀猀 琀栀攀 欀攀礀猀琀漀渀攀 漀昀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀⸀ 䈀爀漀愀搀攀渀 琀栀攀 戀愀猀攀⸀ 䴀愀渀礀 欀攀礀 瀀氀愀礀攀爀猀 挀愀渀 洀愀欀攀 琀栀攀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀 椀渀 愀挀栀椀攀瘀椀渀最 琀栀攀 愀最攀渀搀愀⸀ 䐀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀椀渀最 眀栀漀 琀栀攀礀 愀爀攀 愀渀搀 栀漀眀 琀漀 眀椀渀 琀栀攀椀爀 猀甀瀀瀀漀爀琠᐀漀爀 戀氀甀渀琀 琀栀攀椀爀 漀瀀瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渠᐀爀攀焀甀椀爀攀猀 愀 猀甀戀琀氀攀 挀漀洀戀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 琀漀漀氀猀 愀琀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琠ᤀ猀 搀椀猀瀀漀猀愀氀⸀ 刀攀愀挀栀 搀攀攀瀀氀礀 琀漀 攀渀最愀最攀 愀氀氀 琀攀愀洀 洀攀洀戀攀爀猀⸀ 圀椀渀渀椀渀最 氀漀礀愀氀琀礀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 椀渀渀攀爀 琀攀愀洀 椀猀 漀渀攀 琀栀椀渀最⸀ 䔀瘀攀爀礀漀渀攀 猀攀琀猀 琀栀攀椀爀 挀漀洀瀀愀猀猀 戀礀 琀栀攀 戀甀搀最攀琀㬀 甀猀椀渀最 琀栀攀 戀甀搀最攀琀 琀漀 昀漀挀甀猀 洀愀渀愀最攀爀猠ᤀ 攀渀攀爀最礀 椀洀瀀爀漀瘀攀猀 琀栀攀 漀搀搀猀 琀栀愀琀 攀瘀攀爀礀漀渀攀 猀愀椀氀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 猀愀洀攀 搀椀爀攀挀琀椀漀渀⸩ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㐸㌠〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛㈳㠠〠删⽘奚‵‷㠸畬汝ਯ乥硴‴㠴‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‴㠲‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⡐慲琠䥉䤺⁔敡浩湧⁕瀠䙯爠瑨攠䙵瑵牥⤊㸾੥湤潢樊਴㠴‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬲㐰‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㐸㔠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㐸㌠〠刊⽔楴汥
䍨慰瑥爠䱩獴⤊㸾੥湤潢樊਴㠵‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬲㐲‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㐸㘠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㐸㐠〠刊⽔楴汥
Chapter 8: Avoiding the Seven Deadly Leadership Traps Overview If I have erred, I err in company with Abraham Lincoln. —Theodore Roosevelt My administration will continue to act on the lessons we’ve learned so far to better protect the people of this country. It’s our most solemn duty. —George W. Bush, November 27, 2002 George W. Bush amazed even his foes with his steady hand on the tiller. It was no secret that half the country questioned his legitimacy as a sitting president. Yet the responsibility for directing the response to the worst attack on American soil in more than half a century fell to him. He rode the roller coaster of the economy, including a huge stock market collapse and criminal charges against some of the nation’s largest corporations and most powerful business executives. He charted a war against Iraq, strategized about the Korean peninsula, and tried to broker truces in the endless Middle East struggles. Through it all he remained remarkably consistent. His style,⤊㸾੥湤潢樊਴㠶‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬲㐲‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㐸㜠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㐸㔠〠刊⽔楴汥
䍨慰瑥爠㠺⁁癯楤楮朠瑨攠卥癥渠䑥慤汹⁌敡摥牳桩瀠呲慰猩ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㐸㜠〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛㈴㘠〠删⽘奚‵‷㠸畬汝ਯ乥硴‴㠸‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‴㠶‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⣾＀㄀⸀ 倀愀椀渀琀椀渀最 䔀瘀攀爀礀漀渀攀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 匀愀洀攀 䈀爀甀猀栀 倀攀漀瀀氀攀 眀栀漀 欀渀漀眀 䈀甀猀栀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀 琀栀愀琀 栀椀猀 洀漀猀琀 漀甀琀猀琀愀渀搀椀渀最 昀攀愀琀甀爀攀 椀猀 栀椀猀 攀愀猀礀 眀愀礀 眀椀琀栀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀⸀ 䠀攀 漀昀琀攀渀 琀攀愀猀攀猀 瘀椀猀椀琀漀爀猀 愀渀搀 洀甀最猀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 挀愀洀攀爀愀猀⸀ 䠀攀 眀愀猀 愀 瀀爀愀渀欀猀琀攀爀 漀渀 琀栀攀 ㈀    挀愀洀瀀愀椀最渀 瀀氀愀渀攀 愀渀搀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 (literally⤀ 琀甀爀渀攀搀 琀栀攀 挀愀洀攀爀愀猀 戀愀挀欀 漀渀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀攀爀猀⸀ 䔀渀最愀最攀搀 椀渀 愀爀最甀洀攀渀琀猀 漀瘀攀爀 瀀漀氀椀挀礀 椀猀猀甀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 栀愀氀氀眀愀礀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 吀攀砀愀猀 氀攀最椀猀氀愀琀甀爀攀猀Ⰰ 氀攀最椀猀氀愀琀漀爀猀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 猀甀爀瀀爀椀猀攀搀 眀栀攀渀 䈀甀猀栀 猀渀甀挀欀 甀瀀 戀攀栀椀渀搀 琀栀攀洀 愀渀搀 瀀甀琀 琀栀攀洀 椀渀 愀 戀攀愀爀 栀甀最⸀ 䈀甀猀栠ᤀ猀 愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 琀漀 挀漀渀渀攀挀琀 眀椀琀栀 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀 椀渀 愀 眀愀爀洀 愀渀搀 氀椀欀愀戀氀攀 眀愀礀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 漀渀攀 漀昀 栀椀猀 最爀攀愀琀攀猀琀 猀琀爀攀渀最琀栀猀 猀椀渀挀攀 栀椀猀 挀漀氀氀攀最攀 昀爀愀琀攀爀渀椀琀礀 搀愀礀猀⸀ 䤀渀 琀栀攀 猀瀀爀椀渀最 漀昀 ㈀  ㈀Ⰰ 栀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 攀愀猀礀最漀椀渀最Ⰰ 昀爀愀琀攀爀渀椀琀礀 洀愀渀渀攀爀 氀愀渀搀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 愀 琀栀甀搀 椀渀 䔀甀爀漀瀀攀⸀ 伀渀攀 䈀爀椀琀椀猀栀 樀漀甀爀渀愀氀椀猀琀 搀漀甀爀氀礀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀攀搀Ⰰ†ᰀ䰀椀欀攀 挀攀爀琀愀椀渀 搀椀猀琀椀渀挀琀椀瘀攀 眀椀渀攀猀Ⰰ 倀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀 䜀攀漀爀最攀 圀⸀ 䈀甀猀栀 搀漀攀猀 渀漀琀 琀爀愀瘀攀氀 眀攀氀氀⸠ᴀ 䤀渀 昀愀挀琀Ⰰ†ᰀ琀栀漀猀攀 愀猀瀀攀挀琀猀 漀昀 栀椀猀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀愀氀椀琀礀 琀栀愀琀 瀀氀愀礀 戀攀猀琀 椀渀 倀攀漀爀椀愀 瀀氀愀礀 眀漀爀猀琀 椀渀 倀愀爀椀猀⸠ᴀ 吀栀攀 樀漀甀爀渀愀氀椀猀琀 渀漀琀攀搀 琀栀愀琀Ⰰ 椀渀 琀栀攀 琀栀爀攀攀 礀攀愀爀猀 栀攀 栀愀搀 挀漀瘀攀爀攀搀 䘀爀攀渀挀栀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀 䨀愀挀焀甀攩ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㐸㠠〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛㈵〠〠删⽘奚‵‷㠸畬汝ਯ乥硴‴㠹‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‴㠷‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⣾＀㈀⸀ 䤀洀瀀漀猀椀渀最 刀椀最椀搀 䐀椀猀挀椀瀀氀椀渀攀 琀栀愀琀 匀琀椀昀氀攀猀 䐀攀氀椀戀攀爀愀琀椀漀渀 愀渀搀 䐀攀戀愀琀攀 吀攀愀洀 䈀甀猀栀 搀攀洀漀渀猀琀爀愀琀攀搀 洀漀爀攀 搀椀猀挀椀瀀氀椀渀攀Ⰰ 昀漀挀甀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀挀礀 椀渀 椀琀猀 昀椀爀猀琀 礀攀愀爀猀 琀栀愀渀 愀渀礀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀椀愀氀 愀搀洀椀渀椀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 椀渀 爀攀挀攀渀琀 洀攀洀漀爀礀⸀†ᰀ䤀昀 琀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 搀椀猀猀攀渀琀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 愀搀洀椀渀椀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 眀攀 渀攀瘀攀爀 栀攀愀爀 愀戀漀甀琀 椀琀Ⱐᴀ 漀渀攀 圀愀猀栀椀渀最琀漀渀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀攀爀 猀愀椀搀⸀ 圀栀攀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀 洀愀欀攀猀 愀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀 愀瀀瀀攀愀爀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 栀攀 栀愀猀 愀 猀琀漀爀礀 琀漀 琀攀氀氀 愀渀搀 猀琀攀愀搀昀愀猀琀氀礀 爀攀昀甀猀攀猀 琀漀 戀攀 搀椀猀琀爀愀挀琀攀搀 戀礀 漀琀栀攀爀 椀猀猀甀攀猀Ⰰ 爀攀最愀爀搀氀攀猀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 焀甀攀猀琀椀漀渀猀 漀爀 愀最攀渀搀愀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀攀爀猀 挀漀瘀攀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 攀瘀攀渀琀⸀ 䈀甀猀栀 爀攀瘀椀攀眀猀 栀椀猀 漀瀀琀椀漀渀猀 挀爀椀猀瀀氀礀⸀ 䠀攀 搀攀挀椀搀攀猀 焀甀椀挀欀氀礀⸀ 䄀椀搀攀猀 琀攀氀氀 漀昀 戀攀椀渀最 椀渀琀攀渀猀攀氀礀 渀攀爀瘀漀甀猀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 戀爀椀攀昀椀渀最 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀⸀ 吀栀攀礀 欀渀攀眀 琀栀攀礀 栀愀搀 漀渀氀礀 愀 洀椀渀甀琀攀 漀爀 琀眀漀 琀漀 昀漀挀甀猀 琀栀攀 椀猀猀甀攀Ⰰ 瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀 琀栀攀 愀氀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀瘀攀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 昀爀愀洀攀 琀栀攀 漀瀀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䤀琀 椀猀 渀漀琀Ⰰ 琀栀攀礀 猀愀礀Ⰰ 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀 椀猀 愀渀琀椀ⴀ椀渀琀攀氀氀攀挀琀甀愀氀⸀ 䈀甀琀 栀攀 椀猀 瘀攀爀礀 搀攀洀愀渀搀椀渀最⸀ 䄀猀 愀 昀漀爀洀攀爀 圀栀椀琀攀 䠀漀甀猀攀 漀昀昀椀挀椀愀氀 攀砀瀀氀愀椀渀攀搀Ⰰ†ᰀ䠀攀 椀猀 瘀攀爀礀 昀漀挀甀猀攀搀 漀渀 眀栀愀琀 椀猀 愀渀搀 椀猀 渀漀琀†᠀瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀椀愀氀 氀攀瘀攀氀⸠ᤀ 䠀攀 琀愀欀攀猀 搀攀琀愀椀氀猠᐀搀攀洀愀渀搀猀 搀攀琀愀椀氀猠᐀椀昀 栀攀 猀攀攀猀 椀琀 愀琀 琀栀愀琀 氀攀瘀攀氀⸠ᴀ 䈩ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㐸㤠〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛㈵㘠〠删⽘奚‵‱㔷ㄠ湵汬崊⽎數琠㐹〠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㐸㠠〠刊⽔楴汥
3. Allowing the Team to Unravel During its first two years in office, Team Bush showed remarkable cohesion—and remarkably little backbiting. The administration included some of Washington’s most renowned and experienced in-fighters; yet, at least in public view, the policy debates were civil and the team remained tight. Tight and disciplined, that is, except for the economic team. From almost the beginning, Bush’s economic team attracted fierce fire. Unlike the foreign policy team—led by Rumsfeld, Powell, and Rice—the economic team seemed missing in action. As economic problems increased—the collapse of Enron, WorldCom, CEOs in handcuffs, a stock market crash, and a ballooning budget deficit—media attention on the economic policy team became intense. When team members fumbled several key decisions, public criticism, even among the president’s friends, also grew. Budget director Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr. took early shots for being abrasive with members of Congress. A former executive at⤊㸾੥湤潢樊਴㤰‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬲㘰‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㐹ㄠ〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㐸㤠〠刊⽔楴汥
4. Making Black-and-White Decisions in a Shades-of-Gray World Especially after the September 11 terrorist attacks, Bush stirred widespread approval for his strong stand and pledge to avenge the thousands of lives lost. He told Americans he wanted to bring Osama bin Laden to justice “dead or alive.” He called the terrorists “evildoers” and “barbaric people.” He called for allies to stand “with us or against us.” A month after the attacks, he told Americans that al Qaeda was “on the run.” And in a pointed jab at Bill Clinton, who once tried to take out bin Laden with a cruise missile attack but hit only empty tents and sand, Bush was blunt, saying: When I take action, I’m not going to fire a $2 million missile at a ten dollar empty tent and hit a camel in the butt. That style framed a sharp, decisive response to the terrorist attacks. But that approach did not work well when applied to other thornier issues, for which black-white, “with us or against us” responses were not appropriate. F⤊㸾੥湤潢樊਴㤱‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬲㘲‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㐹㈠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㐹〠〠刊⽔楴汥
5. Losing Control of the Agenda Bush’s style comes from the MBA playbook: focus on the big issues, decide on the major strategy questions, and delegate the details. He’s practiced it more than any president ever has. The style, in turn, has framed the way the rest of the White House staff has worked. Bush created both the aura and the reality of command, built around a strong team. With that style, however, comes the risk that the top leader can appear disconnected. The president built a team composed of strong people, both as aides and cabinet secretaries. Strong people don’t like to be told what to do. When a leader allows his strong-willed team members to set the agenda and handle the details, there’s a possibility that people will perceive that leader as being isolated from the real action. A top leader’s effort to decide and delegate can appear detached and toothless. During the summer of 2002, in fact, the roiling debate over the administration’s Iraq policy spilled over onto the⤊㸾੥湤潢樊਴㤲‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬲㘴‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㐹㌠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㐹ㄠ〠刊⽔楴汥
6. Driving Away Those Who Don’t Share Your Vision Team Bush, if nothing else, quickly became the most tightly managed White House operation in recent memory. Internal dissent in the Carter and Reagan administrations regularly appeared in newspaper headlines, with warring leaks captivating Washington insiders. Those leaks, and the scuttlebutt they produced, undermined the Carter administration ⠀攀瘀攀渀 戀攀昀漀爀攀 椀琀 最漀琀 猀琀愀爀琀攀搀) and weakened the Reagan juggernaut. Some of those battles spilled over into the first Bush administration. Bush 43 watched some of the disputes firsthand and helped resolve some of them as his father’s enforcer. His own resolve was that his administration would not suffer a plague of leaks and disloyalty. Some of his team members were champion “leakers” in the old days, but Bush clearly communicated an unmistakable message. They were part of his team. Once the president made a decision, he expected them to follow loyally, without public brawls or private backstabbing.⤊㸾੥湤潢樊਴㤳‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬲㘸‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㐹㐠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㐹㈠〠刊⽔楴汥
7. Losing Support of Important Outside Constituencies Along with the Team Bush penchant for disciplined pursuit of strategy and message came a proclivity for closed-door, closed-mouth decisions. Leaks were rare and leakers quickly found themselves on the outside looking in. There simply wasn’t a presidency in memory that managed such tight control of the decision-making process. The secrecy of the administration’s discussions, however, sometimes caused serious problems. Amid the turmoil of the California energy crisis, Bush asked Vice President Cheney to convene a national energy policy development group. It included high-ranking members of the administration, but it met as well with several executives of major energy businesses. Reporters got wind of the group’s conversations with the energy executives and asked the White House to reveal the names of those senior managers. After the White House refused, environmental groups filed suit. Some members of Congress asked the congressional⤊㸾੥湤潢樊਴㤴‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬲㜲‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㐹㔠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㐹㌠〠刊⽔楴汥
Bush Lessons Don’t try the same touch with everyone. Find the approach that works best for each key player. To avoid groupthink, stimulate internal discussion and debate. Not knowing what you don’t think to ask can sometimes pose the biggest risks. Loyal, experienced team members aren’t enough. Matching their skills and style to the job to be done is just as important as it is for the leader. Being decisive is critical, but sharp decisions don’t fit every problem. Good leaders know how to balance hard and soft approaches to achieve success. Internal debate is healthy and essential. It can even help distance the leader from the fallout of tough decisions. But never let anyone forget who makes—and owns—the big decisions. Make room on the team for those who, at first blush, may not seem to fit. They could become critical allies—or dangerous enemies. Maintain discipline on message and strategy—but don’t sacrifice the chance to broaden support for the plan.⤊㸾੥湤潢樊਴㤵‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬲㜴‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㐹㘠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㐹㐠〠刊⽔楴汥
Chapter 9: Winning the Expectations Game Overview “I’ve got confidence in my capabilities. I love to be underestimated.” —George W. Bush, Quoted in U.S.A. Today, June 8, 2000 “What we anticipate seldom occurs; what we least expected generally happens.” —Benjamin Disraeli Perhaps the most consistent thing about George W. Bush’s career is that he has consistently exceeded expectations. Texas punsters said he wasn’t a bush but a “shrub,” and the joke fueled a best-seller by columnist Molly Ivins. But the joke ultimately was on those who underestimated him. The profits from his oil business paid for his ownership share of the Texas Rangers. When he sold that share, he realized a $15 million return. Few analysts gave him a chance of unseating Texas governor Ann Richards in 1994, yet he beat her in the race. Political handicappers gave him slim odds for a successful gubernatorial term, but he rolled to a huge victory in 1998. He explored a presidential run, but cynics suggested he wasn’t nea⤊㸾੥湤潢樊਴㤶‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬲㜴‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㐹㜠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㐹㔠〠刊⽔楴汥
䍨慰瑥爠㤺⁗楮湩湧⁴桥⁅硰散瑡瑩潮猠䝡浥⤊㸾੥湤潢樊਴㤷‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬲㜸‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㐹㠠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㐹㘠〠刊⽔楴汥
Playing the Expectations Game Bush has always been easy to underestimate. He was a C student at Yale better known for partying than studying. His first political race, a run for Congress, ended in defeat. His penchant for malapropisms became well known, with Web sites devoted to cataloguing his misuse of words. Crispin Miller’s The Bush Dyslexicon is a treasure trove of Bush favorites, and NBC’s Saturday Night Live celebrated his “strategery.” Bush himself made fun of his own fractured syntax in the 2002 HBO documentary Journeys with George. Bush has made playing the expectations game into an art form. He started with expectations very low indeed. One Republican pollster, Whit Ayres, was pleased with that. “It makes it all the easier for President Bush to succeed,” he said in January 2001. Democrats realized the trap. Senate Democratic leader Tom Daschle worried, “I think we underestimate this man at our own peril.” The cycle of underestimating Bush only to have him exceed expectations⤊㸾੥湤潢樊਴㤸‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬲㠰‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㐹㤠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㐹㜠〠刊⽔楴汥
Build Capital to Spend It Effective leadership depends on the political capital leaders have to spend. Some leaders start with a large supply; some with little. Leaders can only act if they have the capital to reinforce their decisions. Fighting battles drains capital. Winning them can help build it. John F. Kennedy’s defense secretary, Robert McNamara, charted it on a graph: “You come into office at zero years, and you’ve got eight years ahead of you, hopefully.” The key, he told Kennedy, was lasting the eight years, accomplishing as much as possible, and spending all the political capital as he walked out the door. It’s impossible to act effectively without political capital; political capital unused is opportunity forgone. Bush held that as a central principle of leadership. He watched his father’s painful lesson. With his Gulf War triumph, Bush 41’s approval rating soared to 91 percent. He looked virtually unbeatable, with the presidential election just a year away. But he did not⤊㸾੥湤潢樊਴㤹‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬲㠴‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㔰〠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㐹㠠〠刊⽔楴汥
Build Narrow Support Into a Broad Base As the 2002 midterm elections approached, Karl Rove developed a strategy for a full-court press. Conventional wisdom is that the party of incumbent presidents always loses seats in Congress in the midterm elections. That has held true for every midterm election in the last century, except for Democratic party wins in 1934 on the coattails of Roosevelt’s enormous popularity. Most policy issues don’t matter. The real question is how many seats the party will lose. On average, Republican strategist Mary Matalin estimated, the party loses 30 House seats and two in the Senate. But Rove believed that the strategic application of presidential presence and power could reverse the trajectory of history. Bush decided to put a good many of his chips on Rove’s poker table, and Air Force One hopped around the country to stump for Republican candidates. In Arizona, Matt Salmon, Republican candidate for governor, ached for a photo of him and the president emergi⤊㸾੥湤潢樊ਵ〰‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬲㠸‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㔰ㄠ〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㐹㤠〠刊⽔楴汥
Use the Broad Base to Champion PolicyBush aimed to translate his electoral success into a two-pronged policy strategy. First, on the international front, he carried over popular support for his war on terrorism into a campaign to disarm Iraq’s Saddam Hussein. Second, on the domestic front, he worked to cement his first-year tax cut into an enduring economic stimulus plan. Together, the two elements would become the strategy for his reelection bid, a combination of policy decisions and political tactics that he believed would secure his reelection and his legacy.⤊㸾੥湤潢樊ਵ〱‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬲㤰‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㔰㈠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㔰〠〠刊⽔楴汥
EXAMPLE: The Bush Doctrine Bush and his advisers denied that he was driven by the failure of his father to win reelection, but the parallels were too obvious to ignore. In the Gulf War, Bush 41 halted American troops short of a campaign to remove Hussein. At the time, his advisers believed that continuing the war would risk splintering the multinational coalition, and that, in turn, would turn the effort from success to failure. The result was that Hussein remained in power. George W. Bush and his advisers argued that the Iraqi dictator was building stockpiles of dangerous weapons and that he might very well use them, either directly or by supplying terrorists. They worried in particular that Hussein might acquire a nuclear weapon. Stopping him before he became more fully armed—and even more dangerous—became the administration’s foremost national security goal. The first part of Bush’s international plan was a huge gamble. It framed a new strategy, christened the “Bush doctrine,” that⤊㸾੥湤潢樊ਵ〲‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬲㤴‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㔰㌠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㔰ㄠ〠刊⽔楴汥
EXAMPLE: Economic StrategyBush was also keenly aware that his father had failed to capitalize on the success of the Gulf War and on the huge surge of public support that accompanied it. The economy weakened in the months following that war, and it dragged down Bush 41’s hopes for a second term. In Bush 43’s case, as the economy limped through 2002, its sluggishness was seen as a major threat, in both policy and political terms. And Bush and Rove were determined not to repeat the fate of Bush 41. So it came as no surprise that Bush dumped his economic team soon after the midterm congressional elections and installed a new team. The job of these new economic appointments was to trumpet the message of economic growth. The Bush Team believes strongly in the power of positive rhetoric for shoring up the economy—that confidence will help spur investment and stimulate spending. In addition, the new appointments were to help frame and sell the stimulus plan Bush assembled for early 2003. Bush⤊㸾੥湤潢樊ਵ〳‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬲㤶‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㔰㐠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㔰㈠〠刊⽔楴汥
Pluck and Luck: A Winning CombinationBush has long concentrated sharply on decision-making as the focus of his style and behavior. He strongly believes that the most important thing he can do is to decide, and thereby chart the course for his team—and the nation—to follow. He’s tough and he sticks to his guns. “He’s made a science out of selling tough partisan proposals with cool rhetoric,” the Brookings Institution’s Thomas Mann argues. Having little political capital never slowed him down. He seized on even weak positions as chances to create capital and, once it was created, to broaden his base and deepen his support. Not only does he not shy away from risks—he sees them as opportunities. He has kept to a short, sharp agenda, and insists on absolute discipline among his team members in pursuing it. As decision maker, Bush has placed great confidence in his own compass. He believes he knows what is right, and he’s determined to follow that course. However, as new and unanticipated pr⤊㸾੥湤潢樊ਵ〴‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬳〰‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㔰㔠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㔰㌠〠刊⽔楴汥
Bush LessonsThese principles frame the core of Bush’s style: Decide firmly from principle. Shape tactics pragmatically. Insist on loyalty from team members in pursuing those tactics. Devise a clear message and then sell the plan. Use success to broaden the base, enhance the chances for further success—and exceed expectations.⤊㸾੥湤潢樊ਵ〵‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬳〴‰⁒ 塙娠㔠ㄵ㜱畬汝ਯ乥硴‵〶‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‵〴‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⣾＀吀栀攀 匀琀爀攀渀最琀栀 漀昀 愀 䰀攀愀搀攀爀†ᰀ†☀ 琀栀攀 攀砀攀挀甀琀椀瘀攀 椀猀Ⰰ 昀椀爀猀琀 漀昀 愀氀氀Ⰰ 攀砀瀀攀挀琀攀搀 琀漀 最攀琀 琀栀攀 爀椀最栀琀 琀栀椀渀最猀 搀漀渀攀⸠ᴀ 倀攀琀攀爀 䐀爀甀挀欀攀爀 䈀礀 愀渀礀 猀琀愀渀搀愀爀搀Ⰰ 䜀攀漀爀最攀 圀⸀ 䈀甀猀栀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 愀 爀攀洀愀爀欀愀戀氀礀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 攀砀攀挀甀琀椀瘀攀⸀ 一漀琀 漀渀氀礀 椀猀 栀攀 琀栀攀 渀愀琀椀漀渠ᤀ猀 昀椀爀猀琀 䴀䈀䄀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀Ⰰ 栀攀 椀猀 愀氀猀漀Ⰰ 琀漀 戀漀爀爀漀眀 昀爀漀洀 䜀椀氀戀攀爀琀 愀渀搀 匀甀氀氀椀瘀愀渀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 瘀攀爀礀 洀漀搀攀氀 漀昀 愀 洀漀搀攀爀渀 䴀䈀䄀 攀砀攀挀甀琀椀瘀攀⸀ 䘀漀爀 䈀甀猀栀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 搀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀 椀猀 琀栀攀 挀攀渀琀爀愀氀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀椀愀氀 愀挀琀⸀ 䈀甀猀栠ᤀ猀 搀攀挀椀猀椀漀渀猀 戀甀椀氀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 栀愀爀搀 眀漀爀欀 漀昀 栀椀猀 琀攀愀洀 洀攀洀戀攀爀猀⸀ 䠀攀 挀漀甀渀琀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀洀 琀漀 椀搀攀渀琀椀昀礀 琀栀攀 椀猀猀甀攀猀Ⰰ 瀀爀漀戀攀 琀栀攀 昀愀挀琀猀Ⰰ 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀 琀栀攀 漀瀀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 攀砀瀀氀漀爀攀 琀栀攀 椀洀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 䤀渀 琀栀攀 攀渀搀Ⰰ 琀栀漀甀最栀Ⰰ 琀栀攀爀攀 挀愀渀 戀攀 渀漀 洀椀猀琀愀欀椀渀最 眀栀漀 椀猀 爀甀渀渀椀渀最 琀栀攀 猀栀漀眀Ⰰ 眀椀琀栀 愀渀 甀渀挀漀洀洀漀渀 昀漀挀甀猀 愀渀搀 搀椀猀挀椀瀀氀椀渀攀⸀ 䠀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 琀栀漀甀最栀 䈀甀猀栠ᤀ猀 猀琀礀氀攀 栀愀猀 瀀爀漀瘀攀渀 攀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀Ⰰ 椀琀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 搀愀渀最攀爀漀甀猀 琀漀 猀甀最最攀猀琀 琀栀愀琀 愀氀氀 洀愀渀愀最攀爀猠᐀漀爀 愀氀氀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀猠᐀漀甀最栀琀 琀漀 瀀甀爀猀甀攀 猀甀挀栀 愀 猀琀礀氀攀⸀ 圀栀愀琀 椀猀 洀漀猀琀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 愀戀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 䈀甀猀栀 猀琀礀氀攀 椀猀 琀栀愀琀 椀琀 眀漀爀欀猀 昀漀爀 栀椀洀⸀ 吀栀攀 氀攀猀猀漀渀 椀猀 渀漀琀 琀栀愀琀 洀愀渀愀最攀爀猀 漀甀最栀琀 琀漀 挀漀瀀礀 琀栀攀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀昀甀氀 猀琀礀氀攀 漀昀 愀渀漀琀栀攀爀 氀攀愀搀攀爀⸀ 刀愀琀栀攀爀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 氀攀猀猀漀渀 椀猀 琀栀攀 戩ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㔰㘠〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛㌱〠〠删⽘奚‵‱㔷ㄠ湵汬崊⽎數琠㔰㜠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㔰㔠〠刊⽔楴汥
Sources and Notes Overview George W. Bush has neither written nor talked much about his management style. He does not spend much time in self-reflection. Whether he’s running Oval Office meetings or frenetically clearing brush at his ranch, he is a man of action. As I wrote this book, there were few inside accounts of how the president managed the White House, and those accounts that did exist clearly had the stamp of individuals trying to spin the story to their own advantage. That means the portrait of Bush’s style has been woven together from a pastiche of interviews, campaign narratives, biographical portraits, and newspaper accounts. Bush’s campaign autobiography, A Charge to Keep ⠀一攀眀 夀漀爀欀㨀 䠀愀爀瀀攀爀䌀漀氀氀椀渀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㤀㤀), is a revealing first-person account of the president’s journey to the White House. But it also has some remarkable gaps. Bush, for example, devotes just a few pages to the tragic death of his sister when he was a young boy. He spends less than three pages on his days at t⤊㸾੥湤潢樊ਵ〷‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬳ㄴ‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㔰㠠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㔰㘠〠刊⽔楴汥
Birth of a Commander in Chief“This stuff about transformed? …” Anne E. Kornblut, “Year One: Faith, Resolve Steady Bush,” Boston Globe, December 30, 2001, A1. “never knowing when she might fall on her face.” Robert Novak, “Advantage Bush,” CommentMax, October 16, 2000, at http://www.newsmax.com/commentarchive.shtml?a=2000/10/16/093700 “Can nice guy George junior shed his image …” BBC News, “Talking Point,” August 15, 2000. “It was, in fact, one of those moments …” New York Times¸ September 12, 2001, A26. “It’s often said he’s a man comfortable in his own skin …” Vance McMahan, interview, December 3, 2002. “The thing that struck me most …” and subsequent discussion. Dick Kirschten, “Bush as Boss,” Government Executive, July 2000. “He was somebody who has as little degree of pretension …” McMahan interview.⤊㸾੥湤潢樊ਵ〸‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬳ㄶ‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㔰㤠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㔰㜠〠刊⽔楴汥
Chapter 1“I wanted to be my own boss.” George W. Bush, A Charge to Keep, New York: Harper Collins, 1999, 57. “George spent a lot of time learning from other people.…” Helen Thorpe, “Go East, Young Man,” Texas Monthly June 1999. “had become very serious …” Michael Kranish, “Hallmarks of Bush Style Were Seen at Harvard,” Boston Globe, December 28, 1999, A1. “I wasn’t political then.” Kranish, Boston Globe. “I am sure your Mr. Bush has all the amiable qualities you describe.” From Molly Ivins and Lou Dubose, Shrub: The Short but Happy Political Life of George W. Bush, New York: Vintage Books, 2000, xxi. “to know that [business] was not what I wanted to do with my life.” Bush, A Charge to Keep, 57–60. “Here you are at the West Point of capitalism.” Bush, A Charge to Keep, 60. “George was the person who in three months …” Thorpe, Texas Monthly. “I studied, and ran and rode my bike a lot.” Bush, A Charge to Keep, 61. “He was the perfect Sky Decker.” John Solomon, “Bush, Harvard Business Scho⤊㸾੥湤潢樊ਵ〹‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬳ㄶ‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㔱〠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㔰㠠〠刊⽔楴汥
䍨慰瑥爠ㄩਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㔱〠〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛㌱㠠〠删⽘奚‵‷㠸畬汝ਯ乥硴‵ㄱ‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‵〹‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⣾＀䌀栀愀瀀琀攀爀 ㈠ᰀ䔀瘀攀爀礀 洀愀渀 眀栀漀 琀愀欀攀猀 漀昀昀椀挀攀 椀渀 圀愀猀栀椀渀最琀漀渀†☠ᴀ 䄀琀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 琀漀 圀漀漀搀爀漀眀 圀椀氀猀漀渀⸀†ᰀ栀攀 搀漀攀猀 栀愀瘀攀 愀 猀琀爀漀渀最 戀攀氀椀攀昀 椀渀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀渀挀攀†☠ᴀ 䄀䈀䌀 一攀眀猀Ⰰ 唀瀀 䌀氀漀猀攀Ⰰ 䐀攀挀攀洀戀攀爀 ㈀ Ⰰ ㈀  ㈀⸀†ᰀ圀栀攀渀攀瘀攀爀 礀漀甀 愀爀攀 愀猀欀攀搀 椀昀 礀漀甀 挀愀渀 搀漀 愀 樀漀戀†☠ᴀ 䄀琀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 琀漀 吀栀攀漀搀漀爀攀 刀漀漀猀攀瘀攀氀琀⸀†ᰀ吀栀椀猀 椀猀 琀栀攀 漀渀氀礀 戀甀爀攀愀甀挀爀愀挀礀 椀渀 圀愀猀栀椀渀最琀漀渀 琀栀愀琀 挀愀渀 挀栀愀渀最攀 琀漀 昀椀琀 琀栀攀 瀀攀爀猀漀渀愀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀⸠ᴀ 刀椀挀栀愀爀搀 䰀⸀ 䈀攀爀欀攀Ⰰ†ᰀ䈀甀猀栀 椀猀 倀爀漀瘀椀搀椀渀最 䌀漀爀瀀漀爀愀琀攀 䴀漀搀攀氀 昀漀爀 圀栀椀琀攀 䠀漀甀猀攀Ⱐᴀ 一攀眀 夀漀爀欀 吀椀洀攀猀렀 䴀愀爀挀栀 ㄀㄀Ⰰ ㈀  ㄀Ⰰ 匀攀挀⸀ ㄀Ⰰ ㄀⸀†ᰀ䜀攀琀 洀攀 䬀渀甀挀欀氀攀猀 漀渀 琀栀攀 氀椀渀攀†☠ᴀ 䈀爀甀挀攀 䴀挀䌀愀氀氀Ⰰ†ᰀ夀漀Ⰰ 匀瀀愀爀欀礀⸀ 夀攀愀栀Ⰰ 夀漀甀 䬀渀漀眀 圀栀漀 夀漀甀 䄀爀攀Ⱐᴀ 一攀眀 夀漀爀欀 吀椀洀攀猀Ⰰ 䘀攀戀爀甀愀爀礀 ㄀㠀Ⰰ ㈀  ㄀Ⰰ 匀攀挀⸀ 㐀Ⰰ ㈀⸀ 䄀渀搀爀攀眀 䌀愀爀搠ᤀ猀 瘀攀爀猀椀漀渀 漀昀 䈀甀猀栠ᤀ猀 爀甀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 䌀愀爀搠ᤀ猀 挀漀洀洀攀渀琀愀爀礀⸀ 䈀攀爀欀攀Ⰰ 一攀眀 夀漀爀欀 吀椀洀攀猀⸀†ᰀ䤀 眀愀渀琀 樀甀猀琀椀挀攀⸠ᴀ†ᰀ䔀砀挀攀爀瀀琀猀 䘀爀漀洀 䈀甀猀栠ᤀ猀 刀攀洀愀爀欀猀 漀渀 刀攀琀愀氀椀愀琀椀漀渀Ⱐᴀ 一攀眀 夀漀爀欀 吀椀洀攀猀Ⰰ 匀攀瀀琀攀洀戀攀爀 ㄀㠀Ⰰ ㈀  ㄀Ⰰ 匀攀挀⸀ 䈀Ⰰ 㐀⸀†ᰀ䠀攠ᤀ氀氀 猀椀琀 栀攀爀攀†☠ᴀ 刀椀挀栀愀爀搀 䔀⸀ 一攀甀猀琀愀搀琀Ⰰ 倀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀椀愀氀 倀漀眀攀爀㨀 吀栀攀 倀漀氀椀琀椀挀猀 漀昀 䰀攀愀搀攀爀猀栀椀瀀Ⰰ 一攀眀 夀漀爀欀㨀 䨀漀栀渀 圀椀氀攀礀 愀渀搀 匀漀渀猀Ⰰ ㄀㤀㘀 Ⰰ 㤀⸀†ᰀ䠀椀搀搀攀渀ⴀ栀愀渀搠ᴀ 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀挀礀⸀ 䘀爀攀搀 䜀爀攀攀渀猀琀攀椀渀Ⰰ 吀栀攀 䠀椀搀搀攀渀ⴀ䠀愀渀搀 倀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀挀礀㨀 䔀椀猀攩ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㔱ㄠ〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛㌱㠠〠删⽘奚‵‷㠸畬汝ਯ乥硴‵ㄲ‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‵㄰‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⡃桡灴敲′⤊㸾੥湤潢樊ਵㄲ‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬳㈰‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㔱㌠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㔱ㄠ〠刊⽔楴汥
Chapter 3“I’m not afraid to surround myself with strong and competent people.” Stephen Hess, Organizing the Presidency, 3rd ed., Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2002, 168–169. “Individual commitment to a team effort …” Attributed to Coach Vince Lombardi. “I want a flat structure …” and “gave the senior staff members a great deal of access …” McMahon interview. “did not want someone to be chief of staff who was over-territorial …” John P. Burke, “The Bush Transition in Historical Context,” PS: Political Science and Politics, March 2002, 24. “I hope the American people realize that a good executive …” Stephen H. Hess, Organizing the Presidency, 3rd ed. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2002, 168–169. “permanent campaign.” Interview, September 20, 2002. “Working in the White House should not be your first job.” Charles O. Jones, Passage to the Presidency, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1998, 106. “Bush has tended to surround himself with people he’s taken the measure o⤊㸾੥湤潢樊ਵㄳ‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬳㈰‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㔱㐠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㔱㈠〠刊⽔楴汥
䍨慰瑥爠㌩ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㔱㐠〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛㌲㈠〠删⽘奚‵‷㠸畬汝ਯ乥硴‵ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‵ㄳ‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⣾＀䌀栀愀瀀琀攀爀 㐠ᰀ吀栀攀礀 挀愀渀 猀愀礀 眀栀愀琀 琀栀攀礀 眀愀渀琀 愀戀漀甀琀 洀攀†☠ᴀ 䜀攀漀爀最攀 圀⸀ 䈀甀猀栀Ⰰ 猀瀀攀愀欀椀渀最 琀漀 一䈀䌠ᤀ猀 䄀氀攀砀愀渀搀爀愀 倀攀氀漀猀椀Ⰰ 愀戀漀甀琀 昀攀氀氀漀眀 洀攀洀戀攀爀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 洀攀搀椀愀Ⰰ 䨀漀甀爀渀攀礀猀 眀椀琀栀 䜀攀漀爀最攀Ⰰ 䠀䈀伀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀愀爀礀Ⰰ ㈀  ㈀⸀†ᰀ†☀ 瀀攀漀瀀氀攀 猀栀漀甀氀搀 搀漀 眀栀愀琀 琀栀攀礀 猀愀礀 琀栀攀礀 愀爀攀 最漀椀渀最 琀漀 搀漀†☠ᴀ 刀漀渀愀氀搀 䈀爀漀眀渀猀琀攀椀渀Ⰰ†ᰀ䈀甀猀栠ᤀ猀 䄀最攀渀搀愀 匀琀爀愀琀攀最礀㨀 䘀椀爀猀琀 匀琀愀渀搀 䘀愀猀琀Ⰰ 吀栀攀渀 䈀攀渀搀Ⱐᴀ 䰀漀猀 䄀渀最攀氀攀猀 吀椀洀攀猀Ⰰ 䨀愀渀甀愀爀礀 㜀Ⰰ ㈀  ㄀Ⰰ 䄀㄀⸀†ᰀ䴀漀猀琀 圀栀椀琀攀 䠀漀甀猀攀猀 愀爀攀 氀甀挀欀礀 椀昀 琀栀攀礀 最攀琀 琀栀攀 昀甀爀渀椀琀甀爀攀 椀渀⸠ᴀ 刀椀挀栀愀爀搀 䰀⸀ 䈀攀爀欀攀Ⰰ†ᰀ䈀甀猀栠ᤀ猀 吀爀愀渀猀椀琀椀漀渀 䰀愀爀最攀氀礀 愀 匀甀挀挀攀猀猀Ⰰ 䄀氀氀 匀椀搀攀猀 匀甀最最攀猀琀Ⱐᴀ 一攀眀 夀漀爀欀 吀椀洀攀猀Ⰰ 䨀愀渀甀愀爀礀 ㈀㜀Ⰰ ㈀  ㄀Ⰰ ㄀⸀†ᰀ一漀 漀渀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀 欀渀攀眀 洀甀挀栀 眀栀漀 䘀漀爀搀 眀愀猠ᴀ 愀渀搀†ᰀ戀甀琀 渀漀戀漀搀礀 攀瘀攀爀礀 焀甀攀猀琀椀漀渀攀搀 栀椀猀 氀攀最椀琀椀洀愀挀礀⸠ᴀ 䐀愀瘀椀搀 匀⸀ 䈀爀漀搀攀爀Ⰰ†ᰀ䈀甀猀栠ᤀ猀 䌀栀愀氀氀攀渀最攠☀Ⱐᴀ 圀愀猀栀椀渀最琀漀渀 倀漀猀琀Ⰰ 䐀攀挀攀洀戀攀爀 ㄀㤀Ⰰ ㈀   Ⰰ 䄀㌀㤀⸀†ᰀ栀愀氀昀 琀栀攀 瘀漀琀攀爀猀 琀栀椀渀欀椀渀最 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀 搀漀攀猀 渀漀琀 戀攀氀漀渀最 琀栀攀爀攀†☠ᴀ 䈀爀漀搀攀爀Ⰰ†ᰀ䈀甀猀栠ᤀ猀 䌀栀愀氀氀攀渀最攀⸠ᴀ†ᰀ愀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀挀礀 漀昀 猀洀愀氀氀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀猀 爀愀琀栀攀爀 琀栀愀渀 戀爀漀愀搀Ⰰ 猀眀攀攀瀀椀渀最 挀栀愀渀最攀猀⸠ᴀ 䨀愀渀攀琀 䠀漀漀欀Ⰰ†ᰀ吀栀攀 倀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀椀愀氀 吀爀愀渀猀椀琀椀漀渀㨀 䐀攀攀瀀 刀椀昀琀 䄀眀愀椀琀猀 䈀甀猀栀 椀渀 䌀愀瀀椀琀愀氀Ⱐᴀ 䰀漀猀 䄀渀最攀氀攀猀 吀椀洀攀猀Ⰰ 䐀攀挀攀洀戀攀爀 ㄀㔀Ⰰ ㈀   Ⰰ 䄀㄀⸀†ᰠ☀ 琀漀 猀琀爀椀欀攀 琀栩ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㔱㔠〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛㌲㈠〠删⽘奚‵‷㠸畬汝ਯ乥硴‵ㄶ‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‵ㄴ‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⡃桡灴敲‴⤊㸾੥湤潢樊ਵㄶ‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬳㈶‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㔱㜠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㔱㔠〠刊⽔楴汥
Chapter 5“I … had the responsibility to show resolve. …” Woodward, Bush at War, p. 96. “He stays on message, and I think that really matters more than anything else. …” Evan Smith, “How W. Can Lose,” Texas Monthly, July 2000. Number of presidential press conferences. Presidential scholar Martha Joynt Kumar, quoted in Jim Rutenberg, “White House Keeps a Grip on Its News,” New York Times, October 14, 2002, C10. “bumblebee” approach. Francine Kiefer, “To Ask Bush a Question, Wait Your Turn,” Christian Science Monitor, April 6, 2001, 3. Kiefer was the “bumblebee” in question. “has the uncanny ability to suck information out of a room.” Jim Rutenberg, “White House Keeps a Grip on Its News,” New York Times, October 14, 2002, C1. “In this administration, the controls on information are tighter than in any other one I have covered.” Rutenberg, “White House Keeps a Grip on Its News.” “to be very, very disciplined and treat the press like caged animals and only feed them on a regular schedule.”⤊㸾੥湤潢樊ਵㄷ‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬳㈶‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㔱㠠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㔱㘠〠刊⽔楴汥
䍨慰瑥爠㔩ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㔱㠠〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛㌳〠〠删⽘奚‵‷㠸畬汝ਯ乥硴‵ㄹ‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‵ㄷ‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⣾＀䌀栀愀瀀琀攀爀 㘀†ᰠ☀ 眀攀 搀漀渠ᤀ琀 栀愀瘀攀 愀 氀漀琀 漀昀 氀愀猀琀ⴀ洀椀渀甀琀攀 猀挀爀愀洀戀氀椀渀最⸀†☠ᴀ 䜀攀爀猀漀渀 椀渀琀攀爀瘀椀攀眀Ⰰ 唀瀀 䌀氀漀猀攀⸀†ᰀ吀栀椀猀 椀猀 愀 戀甀琀琀漀渀攀搀ⴀ搀漀眀渀 愀搀洀椀渀椀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 瀀攀爀栀愀瀀猀 琀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 䤠ᤀ瘀攀 猀攀攀渀⸠ᴀ 䴀愀琀琀栀攀眀 䔀渀最攀氀Ⰰ†ᰀ䈀甀猀栀 吀栀爀椀瘀攀猀 漀渀 䌀爀椀猀椀猀 䴀愀渀愀最攀洀攀渀琀Ⱐᴀ 吀栀攀 嬀䴀愀渀挀栀攀猀琀攀爀Ⰰ 唀䬀崀 䜀甀愀爀搀椀愀渀Ⰰ 匀攀瀀琀攀洀戀攀爀 㜀Ⰰ ㈀  ㈀Ⰰ 㐀⸀†ᰀ䤀 眀愀猀 猀漀 漀甀琀 漀昀 猀栀愀瀀攀Ⱐᴀ 愀氀漀渀最 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 挀漀瘀攀爀 猀琀漀爀礀⸀†ᰀ䄀 倀漀猀琀爀甀渀 䌀栀愀琀 眀椀琀栀 䜀⸀圀⸀Ⱐᴀ 刀甀渀渀攀爠ᤀ猀 圀漀爀氀搀Ⰰ 伀挀琀漀戀攀爀 ㈀  ㈀⸀†ᰀ漀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀愀搀搀攀猀琀 琀栀椀渀最猀 愀戀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀挀礠ᴀ 愀渀搀†ᰀ椀琀 欀攀攀瀀猀 洀攀 搀椀猀挀椀瀀氀椀渀攀搀⸠ᴀ 刀甀渀渀攀爠ᤀ猀 圀漀爀氀搀Ⰰ 伀挀琀漀戀攀爀 ㈀  ㈀⸀†ᰀ䤀 最甀攀猀猀 琀栀愀琠ᤀ猀 瀀愀爀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀琀爀攀猀猀 爀攀氀椀攀昀 䤀 最攀琀 昀爀漀洀 椀琀⸠ᴀ 䴀椀欀攀 䄀氀氀攀渀Ⰰ†ᰀ匀椀渀挀攀 匀攀瀀琀⸀ ㄀㄀Ⰰ 䔀砀攀爀挀椀猀攀爀 䈀甀猀栀 䘀椀渀搀猀 䠀椀洀猀攀氀昀 漀渀 圀愀爀 䘀漀漀琀椀渀最Ⱐᴀ 吀栀攀 圀愀猀栀椀渀最琀漀渀 倀漀猀琀Ⰰ 䄀甀最甀猀琀 ㈀㈀Ⰰ ㈀  ㈀Ⰰ 瀀⸀ 䄀㄀㔀⸀ 䈀甀猀栀 戀漀搀礀 昀愀琀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 愀渀搀 瀀甀氀猀攀 爀愀琀攀⸀ 䰀愀眀爀攀渀挀攀 䬀⸀ 䄀氀琀洀愀渀Ⰰ†ᰀ䐀漀挀琀漀爀猀 圀栀漀 䔀砀愀洀椀渀攀 䈀甀猀栀 匀愀礀 䠀攀 䤀猀 䔀砀挀攀瀀琀椀漀渀愀氀氀礀 䘀椀琀Ⱐᴀ 一攀眀 夀漀爀欀 吀椀洀攀猀Ⰰ 䄀甀最甀猀琀 㜀Ⰰ ㈀  ㈀Ⰰ 䄀㄀㌀⸀†ᰀ瀀甀洀瀀 愀 昀攀眀 䄀爀渀椀攀猠ᴀ 愀渀搀 䨀愀洀攀猀 圀椀氀欀椀渀猀漀渀 瀀椀稀稀愀 挀漀甀渀琀⸀ 䐀愀渀愀 䴀椀氀戀愀渀欀Ⰰ†ᰀ䘀椀琀 琀漀 䜀漀瘀攀爀渀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 吀栀攀渀 匀漀洀攀Ⱐᴀ 吀栀攀 圀愀猀栀椀渀最琀漀渀 倀漀猀琀Ⰰ 䨀甀渀攀 ㄀㜀Ⰰ ㈀  ㈀Ⰰ 䌀㄀⸀†ᰀ吀栀攀 漀洀渀椀瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀 昀攀攀氀椀渀最 眀愀猀 挀漀渀昀甀猀椀漀渀⸩ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㔱㤠〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛㌳〠〠删⽘奚‵‷㠸畬汝ਯ乥硴‵㈰‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‵ㄸ‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⡃桡灴敲‶⤊㸾੥湤潢樊ਵ㈰‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬳㌴‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㔲ㄠ〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㔱㤠〠刊⽔楴汥
Chapter 7 “George Bush and several talented people around him have made the White House a power center …” Adam Nagourney, “Shift of Power to White House Reshapes Political Landscape,” New York Times, December 22, 2002, Sec. 1, 1. “In the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding on the back of the tiger ended up inside.” John F. Kennedy, inaugural address, January 20, 1961. Molly Ivins’s description of Texas’s “weak governor” system. Molly Ivins and Lou Dubose, Shrub: The Short but Happy Political Life of George W. Bush ⠀一攀眀 夀漀爀欀㨀 嘀椀渀琀愀最攀 䈀漀漀欀猀Ⰰ ㈀   ), xiii. “to be for everything is to be for nothing.” Burka, “The W. Nobody Knows.” “We had so many goals we had no goals.” Vance McMahan interview. “We envision a state where it continues to be true that what Texas can dream, Texans can do.” Vision Texas, at http:// www.tcb.state.tx.us/Strategic_Plan/Toc482673721.htm “world-class schmoozer” and “He’s the only governor I’ve ever known that I would like to have sitting on my back porc⤊㸾੥湤潢樊ਵ㈱‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬳㌴‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㔲㈠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㔲〠〠刊⽔楴汥
䍨慰瑥爠㜩ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㔲㈠〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛㌳㠠〠删⽘奚‵‷㠸畬汝ਯ乥硴‵㈳‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‵㈱‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⣾＀䌀栀愀瀀琀攀爀 㠠ᰀ䤀昀 䤀 栀愀瘀攀 攀爀爀攀搀Ⰰ 䤀 攀爀爀 椀渀 挀漀洀瀀愀渀礀 眀椀琀栀 䄀戀爀愀栀愀洀 䰀椀渀挀漀氀渀⸠ᴀ 䄀琀琀爀椀戀甀琀攀搀 琀漀 吀栀攀漀搀漀爀攀 刀漀漀猀攀瘀攀氀琀⸀†ᰀ䴀礀 愀搀洀椀渀椀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀 眀椀氀氀 挀漀渀琀椀渀甀攀 琀漀 愀挀琀 漀渀 琀栀攀 氀攀猀猀漀渠ᤀ猀 眀攠ᤀ瘀攀 氀攀愀爀渀攀搀 猀漀 昀愀爀†☠ᴀ 倀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀 䈀甀猀栀 匀椀最渀猀 㤀ⴀ㄀㄀ 䌀漀洀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 䈀椀氀氀Ⰰ 一漀瘀攀洀戀攀爀 ㈀㜀Ⰰ ㈀  ㈀⸀†ᰀ䰀椀欀攀 挀攀爀琀愀椀渀 搀椀猀琀椀渀挀琀椀瘀攀 眀椀渀攀猀Ⰰ 倀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀 䜀攀漀爀最攀 圀⸀ 䈀甀猀栀 搀漀攀猀 渀漀琀 琀爀愀瘀攀氀 眀攀氀氀⸠☠ᴀ 䈀攀渀 䴀愀挀椀渀琀礀爀攀Ⰰ†ᰀ唀渀琀椀氀 夀漀甀 䰀愀甀最栀 愀琀 倀氀愀猀琀椀挀 䘀椀猀栀Ⰰ 䈀甀猀栀 圀椀氀氀 䈀攀 愀 䴀礀猀琀攀爀礀Ⱐᴀ 吀栀攀 嬀䰀漀渀搀漀渀崀 吀椀洀攀猀렀 䴀愀礀 ㈀㔀Ⰰ ㈀  ㈀Ⰰ 瀀⸀ ㈀㘀⸀†ᰀ栀愀猀 愀 氀漀甀猀礀 氀攀最愀氀 猀礀猀琀攀洀Ⱐᴀ†ᰀ䈀甀猀栀 眀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 猀椀琀琀椀渀最 椀渀 瀀爀椀猀漀渀 琀漀搀愀礀Ⱐᴀ†ᰀ吀栀攀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀猀 栀愀瘀攀 攀渀漀甀最栀 漀椀氀Ⱐᴀ 愀渀搀†ᰀ䈀甀猀栀 眀愀渀琀猀 琀漀 搀椀猀琀爀愀挀琀 愀琀琀攀渀琀椀漀渀 昀爀漀洀 栀椀猀 搀漀洀攀猀琀椀挀 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀猀⸠☠ᴀ 倀攀琀攀爀 䘀椀渀渀Ⰰ†ᰀ䜀攀爀洀愀渀 伀昀昀椀挀椀愀氀 䌀漀洀瀀愀爀攀猀 䈀甀猀栀 漀渀 䤀爀愀焀 琀漀 䠀椀琀氀攀爀Ⱐᴀ 圀愀猀栀椀渀最琀漀渀 倀漀猀琀Ⰰ 匀攀瀀琀攀洀戀攀爀 ㈀ Ⰰ ㈀  ㈀Ⰰ 䄀㄀㤀⸀†ᰀ䤀昀 琀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 搀椀猀猀攀渀琀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀栀攀 愀搀洀椀渀椀猀琀爀愀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 眀攀 渀攀瘀攀爀 栀攀愀爀 愀戀漀甀琀 椀琀⸠ᴀ 䌀漀渀昀椀搀攀渀琀椀愀氀 椀渀琀攀爀瘀椀攀眀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 愀甀琀栀漀爀Ⰰ 一漀瘀攀洀戀攀爀 ㄀㈀Ⰰ ㈀  ㈀⸀†ᰀ䠀攀 椀猀 瘀攀爀礀 昀漀挀甀猀攀搀 漀渀 眀栀愀琀 椀猀 愀渀搀 椀猀 渀漀琀†᠀瀀爀攀猀椀搀攀渀琀椀愀氀 氀攀瘀攀氀⸠ᤀ†☠ᴀ 愀渀搀†ᰀ䠀攀 猀渀椀昀昀猀 椀氀氀ⴀ挀漀渀挀攀椀瘀攀搀 猀琀甀昀昀 戀礀 猀琀愀昀昀 眀椀琀栀 愀氀洀漀猀琀 甀渀昀愀椀氀椀渀最 椀渀琀甀椀琀椀漀渀⸠ᴀ 䌀漀渀昀椀搀攀温ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㔲㌠〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛㌳㠠〠删⽘奚‵‷㠸畬汝ਯ乥硴‵㈴‰⁒ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‵㈲‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⡃桡灴敲‸⤊㸾੥湤潢樊ਵ㈴‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬳㐲‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㔲㔠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㔲㌠〠刊⽔楴汥
Chapter 9“I’ve got confidence in my capabilities. I love to be underestimated.” “George W. Bush: Easy to Underestimate,” USA Today, June 8, 2000. “What we anticipate seldom occurs; what we least expected generally happens.” Attributed to Benjamin Disraeli. Not a bush but a “shrub.” Molly Ivins and Lou Dubose, Shrub: The Short but Happy Political Life of George W. Bush, New York: Vintage Books, 2000. “It makes it all the easier for President Bush to succeed.” Richard S. Dunham, “The Best Way to Help Bush: Underestimate Him,” BusinessWeek Online, January 29, 2001. “I think we underestimate this man at our own peril.” Dunham, “The Best Way to Help Bush.” “Those who think that they can say we’re only going to have a stimulus package …” Press conference, March 29, 2001. “You come into office at zero years, and you’ve got 8 years ahead of you, hopefully.” “A Life in Public Service,” Conversations with Harry Kreisler, April 16, 1996 ⠀䤀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀攀 漀昀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 匀琀甀搀椀攀猀Ⰰ 䈀攀爀欀攀氀攀礀Ⰰ 䌀䄀), at http:⤊㸾੥湤潢樊ਵ㈵‰扪਼㰊⽄敳琠嬳㐲‰⁒ 塙娠㔠㜸㠠湵汬崊⽎數琠㔲㘠〠刊⽐慲敮琠㐱㔠〠刊⽐牥瘠㔲㐠〠刊⽔楴汥
䍨慰瑥爠㤩ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㔲㘠〠潢樊㰼ਯ䑥獴⁛㌴㘠〠删⽘奚‵‷㠸畬汝ਯ偡牥湴‴ㄵ‰⁒ਯ偲敶‵㈵‰⁒ਯ呩瑬攠⣾＀吀栀攀 匀琀爀攀渀最琀栀 漀昀 愀 䰀攀愀搀攀爠ᰠ☀ 琀栀攀 攀砀攀挀甀琀椀瘀攀 椀猀Ⰰ 昀椀爀猀琀 漀昀 愀氀氀Ⰰ 攀砀瀀攀挀琀攀搀 琀漀 最攀琀 琀栀攀 爀椀最栀琀 琀栀椀渀最猀 搀漀渀攀⸠ᴀ 倀攀琀攀爀 䐀爀甀挀欀攀爀Ⰰ 吀栀攀 䔀昀昀攀挀琀椀瘀攀 䔀砀攀挀甀琀椀瘀攀Ⰰ ㄀⸩ਾ㸊敮摯扪ਊ㔲㜠〠潢樊㰼 䱥湧瑨ㄠ㜶ㄸ〠⽆楬瑥爠嬯䙬慴敄散潤敝 䱥湧瑨‴㌳㜶 䑌‷㘱㠰‾㸊獴牥慭੸鲌밉恔헙㝾캹붳짬鎙筧伦香摦䈦Ѳ姂∠兙ሴቶ႔␢Ɋ䧝ɱ腚衕ᒔ횰ᫀ⪶ꮾ឴诘ិ橚핂曾쾹錠ᅪ출珮맋鳻ⲿ朹憄逞ڥ杞險ᖯ귾⯴㰋诖꺑﹑쉥ࣱ⼯ḯ蜫蓟⎤꥙뙪﷒෗≤ᘑ멧쟲┋ᚿ煹留࠽ퟗⶇ໫徭忁ﺧ뀟幾畻윻纃큣ڄ㳱喫ᜭ恶趾ྡ끟痵艵鵆⳾Სጝ炾풹﫚㕛냟菐롢柷鋎叵蚰߶촶蒙᳞蘸蒸螸ಌ㉒ꪙᵨ

  • Bush’s Style George W. Bush unquestionably has a clear style. Unlike Kennedy’s, it is not built on blazing intellect, and unlike Johnson’s, it is not built on unrelenting personal pressure. It shares some of the same amiable qualities of Reagan’s approach to government, but it also has surprising elements of the shrewd style that Eisenhower brought to the White House. Unpacking his presidency to discover that style takes some doing, because what we see on television often does not match the way Bush works in the Oval Office. It requires understanding his family, his political roots, and the subtle way they shape his approach to the job. As much as anything, though, Bush is the prototype of the MBA executive who took over the biggest organization in the world. The question is whether the organization is a good fit for his MBA skills. Henry Mintzberg and Joseph Lampel, two management experts who have studied why CEOs fail, warn that they tend to do so in similar ways: “They ran their bus

  • Bush Lessons Don’t start without a plan. Bush began crafting his plan before the vote count in Florida was finished. This helped him to hit the ground running when the dust settled. The lesson is clear: Establish a plan, and implement it early. That might mean the difference between success and failure. Make the organization fit your personality. Bush imposed his ways on the Oval Office, not the other way around. He starts and ends meetings on time, insists on a suit and tie, yet simultaneously imposes a certain degree of informality with staffers and journalists. That’s his way, and he uses it to his advantage. Keep focused on the task at hand. Bush watches the small things to sharpen his focus on the key tasks at hand. After September 11, 2001, Bush focused virtually his entire presidency on fighting terrorism. He understood that his administration had a new charter, and made sure that his inner circle brought the same degree of focus. Develop your own leadership style. One of the ke

  • Chapter 3: The Teamwork Imperative Overview “I’m not afraid to surround myself with strong and competent people.” —George W. Bush, on naming his cabinet “Individual commitment to a team effort—that is what makes a team work, a company work, a society work, a civilization work.” —Vince Lombardi Even more than most executives, the American president must rely on a strong team. The problems are huge, and the costs of a misstep can be staggering. Choosing the best policy options requires a keen sense of the core problems and the most solid information available. Getting that information, however, is tough. The president is constantly surrounded by the Secret Service, monitored by television film crews, and trailed by reporters. That makes it hard for the president to get a good pulse on what people are thinking, to gauge what is happening beyond the White House gates, and to understand the most important issues of the day. The president lies at the bottom of an enormous funnel that distill

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