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TABLE OF CONTENT I INTRODUCTION 3 II LITERATURE REVIEW 4 III The overview of unemployment A Definition of unemployment 5 B C The knowledge of unemployment 6 D E The definition of youth unemployment 6 F G The statement to the knowledge of unemployment 6 H IV Causes of unemployment 7 1 A Cause of unemployment 7 2 B Untrained young people 8 V The effect of unemployment 11 VI The resolve from government policy 13 1 Business and employee 13 2 Educational system 17 3 Foreign affair 20 VII Conclusion 2.
TABLE OF CONTENT I INTRODUCTION II LITERATURE REVIEW III The overview of unemployment A Definition of unemployment B C The knowledge of unemployment D E The definition of youth unemployment F G The statement to the knowledge of unemployment H IV.Causes of unemployment A Cause of unemployment B Untrained young people V The effect of unemployment 11 VI The resolve from government policy 13 Business and employee 13 Educational system 17 Foreign affair 20 VII Conclusion 22 VIII Reference 23 An overview of youth unemployment: Problems and solutions ABSTRACT For many decades, unemployment is one of the most severe problems threatening economic development and social stability Hence, a number of researches have been conducted to examine the issue in many aspects such as its consequences and causes In term of consequences, unemployment clearly deals a significant damage to the economy and people’s lives, especially young person who play a vital role in society structure as they will become a main workforce in the future Therefore, many empirical studies (Liem & Liem, 1988), (Murphy & Athanasou, 1999 about impacts of unemployment on the young generation regarding both physical and mental aspects had been carried out This study was conducted only in a few specific Western countries, making the worldwide conclusion inappropriate in some countries due to the awareness and behavior of young people as well as the negative impact on the cultural level Therefore, the researcher has concluded some typical capital impact on Vietnam youth as well as its causes I INTRODUCTION II Youth unemployment can lead to social exclusion and unrest unless it is handled Careful handling of youth employment is very important, as the issue can lead to social exclusion and unrest among the victims, which in turn can complicate into serious mental and behavioral disorders I LITERATURE REVIEW II This study mainly presents the current youth unemployment problem The main reason is the large-scale demand for high wages by young people and some disadvantages in government policy on youth rights (O'Higgins, 1997) It is paradoxical that the size of the youth population of working age in developing countries while the labor force in developed countries, where there are many jobs, has decreased significantly (O'Higgins , 2001) Another study found that while the size of youth unemployment is significant, the majority of the influence is due to labor market conditions (Korenman and Neumark, 1997) This study mainly presents the current youth unemployment problem The main reason is the large-scale demand for high wages by young people and some disadvantages in government policy on youth rights (O'Higgins, 1997) It is paradoxical that the size of the youth population of working age in developing countries while the labor force in developed countries, where there are many jobs, has decreased significantly (O'Higgins , 2001) Another study found that while the size of youth unemployment is significant, the majority of the influence is due to labor market conditions (Korenman and Neumark, 1997) Neither development nor segment includes alone can make sense of crosscountry and intertemporal variety of adolescents' mix into work Paradoxically, they interface with work market organizations in deciding youth business and the simplicity of progress from school to work Institutional system conditions assume a part in organizing the progress of youngsters into business, especially concerning least wages and work assurance, yet in addition instruction and preparing as well as dynamic work market strategy plans (Gomez-Salvador and Leiner-Killinger, 2008) Especially in agricultural nations, the development of professional preparation and apprenticeship preparing should be visible as a significant road for adjusting the abilities requested in the economy and those of the labor force, which is much of the time described by extremely low fundamental tutoring levels (Almeida et al., 2012) I The overview of unemployment II Definition of unemployment According to The Lumen Learning Course (2005), they expressed their point of view about unemployment issues that it was an important fact when people did not have a job while they had a great opinion of enterprises Moreover, unemployment was pointed to as the jobless rate increase during the period of economic recession People can recognize that there are numerous problems and arrangements arising from unemployment based on the U.S Bureau of Labor Statistics (2020) In contrast, Unemployment only occurs when individuals can not get a job according to research from Chappelow (2020) Moreover, they argued that joblessness is a good way to judge economic health Another research from Mlatsheni and Leibbrandt (2011), they showed that the jobless rate has a largest impact on social operation and future A The knowledge of unemployment B Chappelow (2020) argued that joblessness was considered as the primary economic sign because the number of people who have a job in the same rate of economic output Moreover, Van Aardt (2012) mentioned that jobless problems have an effect of economic recession on output and workforce to productive structures changes; consequently, the demand for consumption will drop down because of the shortage of finance Chappelow (2020) argued that unemployed people more lead to adding up production falling down A The definition of Youth Unemployment B The results of youth unemployment come from each country's economic crisis (Yu, 2013) According to the statistic from Clark and Summers (1982), nearly million people aged 16-19 can not find a job in which 600,000 people drop out of school and not intend to find a job Yu (2013) said that the motivation of finding a new job is not the main reason why the young people are unemployed, but the lack of ability to get a job Yu (2013) also pointed out that it can be believed that unemployment depends on the great demand of employment A The statement to the knowledge of Youth Unemployment B The figures for the worldwide unemployment rate are trending upwards globally Among them, the unemployment rate between the ages of 15 and 34 has increased over the past three years in South Africa (Van Aardt, 2012) According to Mlatsheni and Leibbrandt (2011), employment is a key factor in determining whether unemployment occurs in the life of the youth The main cause of increasing unemployment is the economy can not engender enough official sector occupations to attract new labor market entrants In consequence, the increasing number of the youth with limited entrance to official sector jobs and limited measures to this (Van Aardt, 2012) I Causes of unemployment II I Causes of unemployment A Well-educated young people Origins a) Metal health Currently, there is a lot of student unemployment taking place at different times Among them, the causes have been shaped by the following causes Firstly, according to Wilmar B.Schaufeli (1997), two hypotheses have been put forward: The causal hypothesis suggests that unemployment leads to mental health, and the selection hypothesis that poor mental health impairs the ability to concentrate as well as find a job For example, the difference between graduates and students leaving school, however, the impact on mental health for students leaving school is huge In addition, going to school and working is traumatized by students, leading to unemployment Additionally,due to weak social structure leading to dissatisfaction between work and people Such as the rate of drug use for unemployed youth is very high, leading to depression, anxiety, and serious bodily harm In addition, the results are underway and the role of proactiveness is still under discussion b) Education policies It can be said that the number of students unemployed due to the perfection of the labor market Due to the interaction between company requirements and job skills of the person who is not mentally prepared to cope from full-time education to the world of work First, the double reduction policy is one of the policies that causes the education industry to change, increasing the unemployment rate of teachers, tutors are forced to change careers.For example, in China, this policy has the disadvantage of putting pressure on all teachers by upgrading their expertise and taking on more responsibilities To these imperfections can be added the difficulty of redistributing the work supply to where it is needed due to a mismatch between supply and demand This mismatch is especially acute for youth employment, where companies look for the best workers and don't hire the first available Implication B Untrained young people a) Lack of sense of control Lack of control will have negative consequences for the group of people who will feel threatened, leading to unemployment According to researcher Marcin Bukowski (2019), there are two European countries, the scientists Sedek & Kofta ( 1990 ) find empirical and correlative evidence that the member's consciousness of being unemployed is lower to the assessment of more favorable groups In the task, This approach has been found to lead to inattentive effects, causing negative, subjective effects of cognitive burnout and impaired reasoning processes Thus, the researchers discuss the role of shared experience of collective incontinence in promoting positive relationships between groups b) No qualifications The majority of young people are unemployed in the wrong profession, affecting the socio-economy of all ages Thereby, young people need to have the opportunity to be trained with basic knowledge to better master this field, avoiding the case of unemployed graduates For example, funding all the education and training for young people doing internships for a week In addition, students should improve their language skills to help cope with unemployment For this reason, training students with skills deserves high pay Therefore, researchers have shown the advantages and disadvantages of avoiding long-term unemployment C Comparision Currently, unemployment is still happening every year, especially for men So why are some students still unemployed after graduating from college? It is for this reason that scientists have divided it into two components: well-trained and untrained According to M Paris K Kothiyal ( 2005 ), facing unemployment is a lot First, students are trained by education that makes students more employable For example, the training of students makes it easy to experience the real world, and at the same time, students can easily cope with the job interview However, why are there some students who train through education but still fail to be nominated because the needs of students affect students a lot More specifically, some young people are not accepted by the company because the demand is too high or the ability to work is not high Therefore, those are the reasons many people make this mistake, according to the researchers, welltrained unemployment is very little Untrained people will find it more difficult, so the possibility of unemployment is possible First, the ability to work is very low because they have no training, also affects the ability of others to work For instance, untrained does not have enough knowledge to lead a group of people as well as complete the job well Second, the group with the wrong expertise causes conflict with each other at work, leading to unemployment Such as, non-professional people will have difficulty in their field leading to mental decline Therefore, this group is likely to be unemployed for a long time if it is not remedied Thereby, through experiments, it has been shown that well-trained is less unemployed than untrained Moreover, expect policy changes to support young people and introduce new jobs I The effect of unemployment II A Individual B Lately, the unemployment rate of young people is increasing due to numerous rationales According to reports, unemployment rate among youth in 2020 is 13,2% which is two times higher comparing to 2019 This pessimistic situation has risen an alarming issue related to health condition of jobless youth Since, young generation has a vital role in country’s future, number of researches (Liem & Liem, 1988), (Murphy & Athanasou, 1999) have been carried out to learn about effects of joblessness on young people and most of the results show that out-of-work affects both physical and mental health of people in a bad way Notably, young jobless people show several critical psychological symptoms such as anxiety, depression, paranoia These negative effects would not heal over the time unless the objects are employed Therefore, a prolonged health disorder can cause some serious illnesses like asthma, stroke, diabetes which affects people health tremendously Plus, unemployment also pushes young people closer to social issues such as robbery, drug addicted or alcohol addicted as they have to seek for ways to help them forget the burden of being joblessness A Society B Unemployment is always a serious problem for development and stable of society Joblessness leads to many unwanted consequences One of them is lower the living condition of people When unemployment rate is too high, it indicates that lower GDP of a country which means income of workers decreased while price of products increased causing a lot pressure and advertises for people Furthermore, the crime rate goes up when unemployment rate are too high People would anything to get money when they not have an official job, although they have to commit a crime such as robbery, fraud or pickpocket Youngsters who not have enough experience and education, especially, school-leavers have high chance of committing crime because they cannot find a permanent job Besides high crime rate, unemployment also cause political instability which is the source of social distress Consequently, youngsters can commit wrongdoing more easily Moreover, unemployment can be happened with graduates as the number of vacant job and new job creating rate is insufficient causing major damage in human resources of society and impact other field such as medical or construction Additionally, high unemployment rate also associated with low security in citizens’ live and high suicide rate in a society (Yang & Lester, 1994) A Economy B Undoubtedly, unemployment has many terrible impacts on nation’s economy Not only does unemployment affect economic development, it also leaves long-term damages One of the severe consequences is losing human resources Workforce is not fully utilized pushing many people have to leave their country in order to find a job As a result, economy will be suffered from brain drain and lack of workforce in the future when jobless youngsters decide to leave their country Moreover, unemployment workers have to accept low wage job and poor working conditions Many workers who have to left their previous job now are forced to something they are not used to and trained for which leads to misuse in allocation of human resources and damaged economy What is more, unemployment will set an economy of a nation back for many years because there is not sufficient workforce Besides, high unemployment impacts on investment from foreign company which lead to decreasing in economic development Plus, unemployment is accounted for rising inflation causing long term damage to economic development I The resolve from government policy II Literally, the government policies take an important role in the development of the country's economy which including the business along with the employment, education and foreign affairs are some of decisive factors that are closely interconnected Business and Employee At first, the business and employee should be given high attention in the government policy for the country's growth In fact, they take a crucial function in society since they have been related to Human Resource Management (HRM) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) whereas their essence has been defined as to give benefits to individuals, companies and the social This has been shown clearly in Nhi Nguyen (2010) study in the definition section of " Gắn quản trị nhân với trách nhiệm xã hội doanh nghiệp" Therefore, the assistant management is significant to carry out the unemployment problem, especially with the young unemployment People mostly considered business as the paymaster without thinking about the importance of a business along with the effect on employees and vice versa Consequently, the business and employee have a strained relationship and to be proportional According to the Government News (2022), the resolve has done while several of companies has been stucking in difficulties in the epidemic of the Covid-19 Type of text Resolution 97/NQ-CP Resolution 105/NQ-CP Decree 80/2021/ND-CP Educational system Education systems play an indispensable role with young employment in the labor force Hence, the policy for education is essential for the better quality of the labor force and the young employment rate Due to Luca Refrigeri and Gabriella Aleandri (2013) study, education has been described as the significant element for the young people to meet the company requirements Meanwhile, skills and literacy along with the expert knowledge or working experience are the common requests that youngsters have to achieve Thus, the measure for the youth employment issue is to ensure the “policy mix” is appropriated Hence, the best answer for the decrease of youth joblessness, to keep it at "regular" levels and to stay away from it turning out to be long haul joblessness is the reception of a technique of "strategy blend", by which customary financial arrangements are set close by approaches that support expanded adaptability in the work market (simpler section and exit) and monetary arrangements for instruction that look to acquaint youngsters with the universe of work straightaway, regardless of whether this implies entering non-steady, momentary business, as customarily characterized (Pastore, 2011: 36-38) Far reaching monetary arrangement, toward general macroeconomic development, it appears, should stay the principal instrument in endeavor to decrease joblessness Thus, from the huge group of writing of the subject it is apparent that, for the time being, sweeping financial and money related arrangements stays basic to invigorate a drawn out expansion in the development pace of the economy and the total interest It is trusted that according to this new point of view, business strategy will set the goal of empowering work dependability and congruency over employer stability, since the last option forces an unbending nature available which the European Business Procedure currently views as obsolete Simultaneously, it has arisen to a limited extent from the writing 1266 Luca Refrigeri and Gabriella Aleandri/Procedia - Social and Conduct Sciences 93 ( 2013 ) 1263 - 1268 that a government assistance framework can be made more productive assuming there is more prominent adaptability in regards to passage and exit to the work market; pay security, even via appropriations because of more prominent portability among business and joblessness; and dynamic business arrangements that are more effective and incorporate proficient requalification for the development of human resources in accordance with the necessities of the market (for instance such approaches are set up in Somewhat English Saxon Europe) (Croce, 2009; Cazer and Nesporova, 2007; Manor, 2007) This new methodology which empowers an association of more noteworthy market adaptability and business insurance, named "flexicurity" is energized, yet by implication, by the EU in various ways For instance, through techniques to diminish youth joblessness, with specific consideration given to forestalling long haul joblessness (European Commission, 2007); through the guideline of sorts of business, with specific consideration given to impermanent work (work market adaptability); through pay ensures in the midst of low work and joblessness (joblessness advantage and pay support); through dynamic business strategy from young; and through the addition of direction programs, work arrangement plans, vocation advising and proficient and professional preparation in school educational plans (Van sanctum Berg and Van Our own, 1999) Moreover, much accentuation has been given to the possibility of a school system that can plan youngsters for the progress from instruction to business (Pastore, 2011:46), a reality in a couple of part states, specifically the Somewhat English Saxon nations It is exactly the conventional presentation of training strategy that shapes the new component to the technique of "strategy blend" in the battle against joblessness, especially among youngsters It is currently generally held that by itself, monetary strategy for development and more noteworthy work market adaptability don't ensure an expansion in that frame of mind of a country Anyway intensity can be worked on by the presence of a superior instructed labor force with a high pace of business versatility For this situation human resources can be improved through casual connection, for example, work experience which permits youngsters to turn into a labor force with more elevated levels of efficiency, more ready to meet the prerequisites of expected businesses Foreign Affair Foreign affairs can be considered as a step forward to increase the country’s economy Beside the policy management of business, employment and education, foreign affairs are also an important element that would help unemployment to have opportunities for working without the lack of work domestically Unemployment will be taking a chance to work with an oversea organization with more experience and to extricate from the risk of being unemployed in longterm In Cooper, R N (1972) study has been determined on the relation between foreign affair policy which can be known as foreign policy and the trade policy in “Trade Policy Is Foreign Policy” Throughout the foreign affairs, the country could welcome branches expanding from many foreign companies along with the model of foreign export and some other kind of trading This kind of product gives a positive result to the country's labor force and to resolve the problem of unemployment According to Ivailo Izvorski and Kenan Karakülah's (2019) report, countries with low- income spent more than twice as much of their GDP as the present developed countries did before While this funding is essential, it highlights the need for developing countries to invest more in the business sector and private capital in order to boost their overall GDP Beside the assistance of government policy, the expansion of recruitment application forms is another kind of resolution for youth unemployment issues According to the Cambridge dictionary, recruitment is defined as the process in finding people to take part in organization and the application form is a form which applying for a job, Conclusion Youth unemployment should be considered as an alarming circumstance, for the appearance of social 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vuon-len-tu-nghich-canh102306543.htm Nguyen, N (2010, April 1) Gắn Quản Trị Nhân với trách nhiệm xã Hội Của Doanh Nghiệp Retrieved April 10, 2022,... vocation advising and proficient and professional preparation in school educational plans (Van sanctum Berg and Van Our own, 1999) Moreover, much accentuation has been given to the possibility of a