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Bài giải bài tập Đồ họa máy tính
Solution Tut 4 Câu 1 Gọi 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 D là ma trận của phép biến đối xứng qua trục Oy T(0,1)R z (45 0 )DR z (-45 0 )T(0,-1) 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 * * * * 2 2 2 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 Câu 2 Tịnh tiến ABCD sao cho điểm A tiến về gốc toạ độ O 1 1 0 0 6 0 1 0 5 () 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 M T A Biến đổi kích thước hình chữ nhật từ 6x3 về hình chữ nhật kích thước 3x4 2 1 0 0 0 2 4 0 0 0 3 4 ( , ,1) 3 63 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 MS Thực hiện phép trượt đối với hình chữ nhật theo chiều Oy để nó trở thành hình bình hành 3 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 M Sh Tịnh tiến hình bình hành sao cho đỉnh A từ O tiến về vị trí đỉnh A‘ như kết quả 4 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 (0, 1,0) 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 MT Kết quả như sau: 4 3 2 1 * * * 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 6 2 1 1 0 0 4 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 5 0 0 0 3 * * * 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 3 2 20 14 0 6 3 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 M M M M Câu 3 Chương trình hoàn chỉnh như sau Sử dụng hàm OnDisplay_cau3a và OnDisplay_cau3b để hiển thị ra kết quả của câu 3a, 3b #include <Windows.h> #include <gl/GL.h> #include <gl/glut.h> #include <math.h> #define SPACE 0.3 int moving, startx, starty; GLfloat angle = 0; /* in degrees */ GLfloat angle2 = 0; /* in degrees */ void drawCube() { glBegin(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP); glVertex3f(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f); glVertex3f(0.1f, -0.1f, 0.1f); glVertex3f(0.1f, 0.1f, -0.1f); glVertex3f(0.1f, -0.1f, -0.1f); glVertex3f(-0.1f, 0.1f, -0.1f); glVertex3f(-0.1f, -0.1f, -0.1f); glVertex3f(-0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f); glVertex3f(-0.1f, -0.1f, 0.1f); glVertex3f(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f); glVertex3f(0.1f, -0.1f, 0.1f); glEnd(); glBegin(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP); glVertex3f(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f); glVertex3f(0.1f, 0.1f, -0.1f); glVertex3f(-0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f); glVertex3f(-0.1f, 0.1f, -0.1f); glEnd(); glBegin(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP); glVertex3f(0.1f, -0.1f, 0.1f); glVertex3f(0.1f, -0.1f, -0.1f); glVertex3f(-0.1f, -0.1f, 0.1f); glVertex3f(-0.1f, -0.1f, -0.1f); glEnd(); } void OnDisplay_cau3a(){ glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glDepthFunc(GL_LESS); //glDisable(GL_COLOR_LOGIC_OP); glClearColor(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT ); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); glOrtho(-4, 4, -4, 4, -100, 100); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); glRotatef(angle2, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0); glRotatef(angle, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0); float fScale; for(int i = 0; i<9; i++) { glPushMatrix(); glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); //Ve hinh lap phuong tren truc Ox glTranslated(SPACE*i, 0, 0); drawCube(); //Ve canh chu V trong mat phang xOy fScale = 1; glColor3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); for(int j = 0; j< 8 -i ; j++) { glPushMatrix(); glTranslated(0, SPACE*(j+1), 0); drawCube(); glPopMatrix(); } //Ve canh chu V trong mat phang xOz fScale = 1; glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); for(int j = 0; j< 8 -i ; j++) { glPushMatrix(); glTranslated(0, 0, SPACE*(j+1)); drawCube(); glPopMatrix(); } glPopMatrix(); } glutSwapBuffers(); } void OnDisplay_cau3b(){ glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glDepthFunc(GL_LESS); //glDisable(GL_COLOR_LOGIC_OP); glClearColor(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT ); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); glOrtho(-4, 4, -4, 4, -100, 100); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); glRotatef(angle2, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0); glRotatef(angle, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0); float fScale = 1.0f; float fRotate = 0.0f; glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); drawCube(); for(int i = 1; i<10; i++) { fScale *= 0.9f; fRotate += 22.5f; glPushMatrix(); glColor3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); glPushMatrix(); glTranslatef(-SPACE*i, 0.0f, 0.0f); glRotatef(fRotate, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); glScalef(fScale, fScale, fScale); drawCube(); glPopMatrix(); glPushMatrix(); glTranslatef(SPACE*i, 0.0f, 0.0f); glRotatef(fRotate, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); glScalef(fScale, fScale, fScale); drawCube(); glPopMatrix(); glColor3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glPushMatrix(); glTranslatef(0.0f, -SPACE*i, 0.0f); glRotatef(fRotate, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glScalef(fScale, fScale, fScale); drawCube(); glPopMatrix(); glPushMatrix(); glTranslatef(0.0f, SPACE*i, 0.0f); glRotatef(fRotate, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glScalef(fScale, fScale, fScale); drawCube(); glPopMatrix(); glColor3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); glPushMatrix(); glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.0f, -SPACE*i); glRotatef(fRotate, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); glScalef(fScale, fScale, fScale); drawCube(); glPopMatrix(); glPushMatrix(); glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.0f, SPACE*i); glRotatef(fRotate, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); glScalef(fScale, fScale, fScale); drawCube(); glPopMatrix(); glPopMatrix(); } glutSwapBuffers(); } void OnMouseMove(int x, int y) { if (moving) { angle = angle + (x - startx)*0.1; angle2 = angle2 + (y - starty)*0.1; startx = x; starty = y; glutPostRedisplay(); } } void OnMouse(int button, int state, int x, int y) { if (button == GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON) { if (state == GLUT_DOWN) { moving = 1; startx = x; starty = y; } if (state == GLUT_UP) { moving = 0; } } } int main(int argc, char** argv) { glutInit(&argc, argv); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA | GLUT_DEPTH); glutInitWindowSize(800, 800); glutCreateWindow("simple"); glutDisplayFunc(OnDisplay_cau3b); glutMouseFunc(OnMouse); glutMotionFunc(OnMouseMove); glutMainLoop(); } Câu 4 5. glTranslatef(3f, 2f, 1f); 6. glRotatef(60f, 0f, 0f, 1f); 7. glScalef(2.5f, 1f, 1.5f); 8. glRotatef(90f, 0f, 0f, 1f); R z (90 0 )S(2.5, 1, 1.5)R z (60 0 )T(3,2,1) 3 1 00 1 0 0 3 2.5 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 22 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 1 00 * * * 22 0 0 1 1 0 0 1.5 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 3 1.25 0 3 2 0.5 1.25 3 0 2 0 0 1.5 1 0 0 0 1 Câu 5 #include <Windows.h> #include <gl/GL.h> #include <gl/glut.h> #include <math.h> int iWnd; float sqrt2 = sqrt(2.0); struct SPOSITION { float x, y; SPOSITION(float x, float y):x(x), y(y) {} }; struct SCOLOR { float r, g, b; SCOLOR(int r, int g, int b): r(r/255.0f), g(g/255.0f), b(b/255.0f) {} }; void drawSquare(float r, float g, float b) { glColor3f(r, g, b); glBegin(GL_POLYGON); glVertex2f( 5f, .5f); glVertex2f( 5f, 5f); glVertex2f(.5f, 5f); glVertex2f(.5f, .5f); glEnd(); } void drawSquareAt(SPOSITION origin, SCOLOR color, float edge) { glPushMatrix(); glTranslatef(origin.x, origin.y, 0); glRotatef(45, 0, 0, 1); glScalef(edge, edge, edge); glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT, GL_FILL); drawSquare(color.r, color.g, color.b); glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT, GL_LINE); drawSquare(0, 0, 0); glPopMatrix(); } #define ORANGE SCOLOR(230, 130, 0) #define SKY SCOLOR(160, 215, 225) #define VIOLET SCOLOR(190, 180, 210) #define PINK SCOLOR(225, 170, 160) #define YELLOW SCOLOR(255, 255, 0) #define BROWN SCOLOR(170, 75, 65) void drawTessellation(int row=6, int col=8) { for (int x=0; x<col*2; x++) for (int y=0; y<row*2; y++) { if (x==0 || y==0) continue; //ORANGE if (x%4 == 2 && y %2 == 1) drawSquareAt(SPOSITION(x, y), ORANGE, sqrt2); //SKY if (x%4 == 1 && y %4 == 2) drawSquareAt(SPOSITION(x, y), SKY, sqrt2); //VIOLET if (x%4 == 3 && y %4 == 2) drawSquareAt(SPOSITION(x, y), VIOLET, sqrt2); //PINK if (x%4 == 0 && y %2 == 1 && y!=1 && y!= row*2-1) drawSquareAt(SPOSITION(x, y), PINK, sqrt2); //YELLOW if (x%4 == 3 && y %4 == 0 && x!= col*2-1) drawSquareAt(SPOSITION(x, y), YELLOW, sqrt2); //BROWN if (x%4 == 1 && y %4 == 0 && x!=1) drawSquareAt(SPOSITION(x, y), BROWN, sqrt2); } } void drawGrid() { for (int i=0; i< 50; i++) { glBegin(GL_QUAD_STRIP); for (int j=0; j< 50; j++) { glVertex2i(i, j); glVertex2i(i+1, j); } glEnd(); } } void OnDisplay(){ glClearColor(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); glOrtho(-5, 20, -5, 20, 0, 1); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); drawTessellation(); //drawGrid(); glutSwapBuffers(); } int main(int argc, char** argv) { glutInit(&argc, argv); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA); glutInitWindowSize(400, 400); iWnd = glutCreateWindow("simple"); glutDisplayFunc(OnDisplay); glutMainLoop(); }