Communications and Networking edited by Jun Peng SC I YO Communications and Networking Edited by Jun Peng Published by Sciyo Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2010 Sciyo All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Non Commercial Share Alike Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium, so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by Sciyo, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Ana Nikolic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Martina Sirotic Image Copyright Alex Staroseltsev, 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published September 2010 Printed in India A free online edition of this book is available at www.sciyo.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from publication@sciyo.com Communications and Networking, Edited by Jun Peng p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-114-5 SC I YO.CO M WHERE KNOWLEDGE IS FREE free online editions of Sciyo Books, Journals and Videos can be found at www.sciyo.com Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Preface IX Transform Domain based Channel Estimation for 3GPP/LTE Systems 1 Moussa Diallo, Rodrigue Rabineau, Laurent Cariou and Maryline Hélard Channel Estimation for Wireless OFDM Communications 17 Jia-Chin Lin OFDM Communications with Cooperative Relays 51 H. Lu, H. Nikookar and T. Xu High Throughput Transmissions in OFDM based Random Access Wireless Networks 81 Nuno Souto, Rui Dinis, João Carlos Silva, Paulo Carvalho and Alexandre Lourenço Joint Subcarrier Matching and Power Allocation for OFDM Multihop System 101 Wenyi Wang and Renbiao Wu MC-CDMA Systems: a General Framework for Performance Evaluation with Linear Equalization 127 Barbara M. Masini, Flavio Zabini and Andrea Conti Wireless Multimedia Communications and Networking Based on JPEG 2000 149 Max AGUEH Downlink Capacity of Distributed Antenna Systems in a Multi-Cell Environment 173 Wei Feng, Yunzhou Li, Shidong Zhou and Jing Wang Innovative Space-Time-Space Block Code for Next Generation Handheld Systems 187 Youssef Nasser and Jean-François Hélard Throughput Optimization forUWB-Based Ad-Hoc Networks 205 Chuanyun Zou Contents Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Outage Probability Analysis of Cooperative Communications over Asymmetric Fading Channel 221 Sudhan Majhi, Youssef Nasser and Jean François Hélard Indoor Radio Network Optimization 237 Lajos Nagy Introduction to Packet Scheduling Algorithms for Communication Networks 263 Tsung-Yu Tsai, Yao-Liang Chung and Zsehong Tsai Reliable Data Forwarding in Wireless Sensor Networks: Delay and Energy Trade Off 289 M. K. Chahine, C. Taddia and G. Mazzini Cross-Layer Connection Admission Control Policies for Packetized Systems 305 Wei Sheng and Steven D. Blostein Advanced Access Schemes for Future Broadband Wireless Networks 323 Gueguen Cédric and Baey Sébastien Medium Access Control in Distributed Wireless Networks 339 Jun Peng Secure Trust-based Cooperative Communications in Wireless Multi-hop Networks 359 Kun Wang, Meng Wu and Subin Shen Wireless Technologies and Business Models for Municipal Wireless Networks 379 Zhe Yang and Abbas Mohammed Data-Processing and Optimization Methods for Localization-Tracking Systems 389 Giuseppe Destino, Davide Macagnano and Giuseppe Abreu Usage of Mesh Networking in a Continuous-Global Positioning System Array for Tectonic Monitoring 415 Hoang-Ha Tran and Kai-Juan Wong VI This book “Communications and Networking” focuses on the issues at the lowest two layers of communications and networking and provides recent research results on some of these issues. In particular, it fi rst introduces recent research results on many important issues at the physical layer and data link layer of communications and networking and then briefl y shows some results on some other important topics such as security and the application of wireless networks. This book has twenty one chapters that are authored by researchers across the world. Each chapter introduces not only a basic problem in communications and networking but also describes approaches to the problem. The data in most chapters are based on published research results and provide insights on the problems of the relevant chapters. Most chapters in this book also provide references for the relevant topics and interested readers might fi nd these references useful if they would like to explore more on these topics. Several chapters of this book focus on issues related to Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM). For example, chapter 1 and chapter 2 are on channel estimation for OFDM-related systems. Chapter 3 is on cooperative relays in OFDM systems. Chapter 4 introduces some recent results on packet separation in OFDM based random access wireless networks. Chapter 4 is on sub-carrier matching and power allocation in oFDM-based multihop systems. Chapter 6 presents some results on performance evaluation of OFDM related systems. Multiple chapters of this book are on coding, link capacity, throughput, and optimisation. For example, chapter 7 and chapter 9 are about source and channel coding in communications and networking. Chapter 8 is on link capacity in distributed antenna systems. Chapter 10 introduces throughput optimisation for UWB-based ad hoc networks. Chapter 12 presents some results on optimising radio networks. This book also contains several chapter on forwarding, scheduling, and medium access control in communications and networking. In particular, chapter 13 introduces packet scheduling algorithms for communication networks. Chapter 14 is about reliable data forwarding in wireless sensor networks. Chapter 15 introduces cross-layer connection admission control in packetized systems. Chapter 16 presents advanced access schemes for future broadband wireless networks. Chapter 17 introduces medium access control in distributed wireless networks. Finally, chapter 18 is about cognitive radio networks. In addition, this book has several chapters on some other issues of communications and networking. For example, chapter 19 is about security of wireless LANs and wireless multihop networks, chapter 20 is on localisation and tracking and chapter 21 introduces the use of mesh networks in tectonic monitoring. Preface In summary, this book covers a wide range of interesting topics of communications and networking. The introductions, data, and references in this book would help the readers know more about communications and networking and help them explore this exciting and fact-evolving fi eld. Editor Jun Peng University of Texas - Pan American, Edinburg, Texas, United States of America X [...]... performance evaluations and analyses (Saltzberg, 1967) 1.2 IFFT and FFT utilization: A/D realization of OFDM A significant breakthrough in OFDM applicability was presented by Weinstein and Ebert in 1971 (Weinstein & Ebert, 1971) First, DFT and inverse DFT (IDFT) techniques were applied 18 Communications and Networking to OFDM implementation to perform base-band parallel sub-channel modulations and demodulations... interim channel model for beyond-3g systems: extending the 3gpp spatial channel model 16 Communications and Networking (smc) doc. : IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, volume5, pages 1067-1071, Nov 1998 [16] S Baro, G Bauch, A Pavlic, and A Semmler Improving blast performance using spacetime block codes and turbo-decoding doc. : IEEE GLOBECOM Conference, volume5, pages 3132-3136, May 2005 [17] B.L.Lee A new... by replacing IDFT and DFT (as shown in Fig.3) by DCT and IDCT, respectively DCT conceptually extends the original M points sequence to 2M points sequence by a mirror extension of the M points sequence [12] As illustrated by Fig 4, the waveform will be smoother and more continuous in the boundary between consecutive periods DCT M DFT M Fig 4 DCT and DFT principle 6 Communications and Networking The channel... shaping is rectangular and that the frequency offset, ISI and ICI are negligible The primary goal of this chapter is to highlight concepts and provide insight to beginning researchers and practical engineers rather than covering theories or theorems As a result, the derivations shown in Sections 3 and 4 are close to the continuous-time representation, and those in Sections 5 and 6 are derived from... circuit (IC) chips and digital signal processors (DSPs), OFDM has become a practical way to implement very effective modulation techniques for various applications As a result, OFDM technologies have recently been chosen as candidates for 4th-generation (4G) mobile communications in a variety of standards, such as IEEE 802.16 (Marks, 2008) and IEEE 802.20 (Klerer, 2005) in the United States, and international... blocks and the conventional DFT and DCT ones in 3GGP/LTE system We can 12 Communications and Networking 0 MSE 10 DFT DCT DCT 2 −1 10 T =53 h −2 10 200 300 400 500 600 Subcarriers 700 800 Fig 11 MSE per subcarriers for 3GPP/LTE: Eb/N0 = 10dB Channel Model SCME Channel Model C Number of FFT points ( N ) & Modulated subcarriers ( M ) 1024 & 600 cyclic prefix 72 Number of N t & N r antennas 4&2 Bandwidth... OFDM communication has recently been selected for various broadband mobile communications, e.g., 4G mobile communications This chapter will focus on such applications 19 Channel Estimation for Wireless OFDM Communications 1.5 System description and signal modelling The primary idea behind OFDM communication is dividing an occupied frequency band into many parallel sub-channels to deliver information simultaneously... Communications and Networking filtering processes Meanwhile, researchers that have more experience in signal processing fields may be more comfortable with the discrete-time model because vector and matrix operations are employed in the modulation, demodulation and (CIR) filtering processes Although the discrete-time model may look neat, clear and reader-friendly, several presumptions should be noted and kept... algorithm in III-A, and presents the conventional DFT and DCT based channel estimation in III-B and III-C, respectively Next, the two proposed DCT based channel estimation are described in the sections IV and V Finally, a performance evaluation and comparison is shown in section VI 2 MIMO-OFDM system description In this paper we consider a coherent MIMO-OFDM system, with Nt transmit antennas and Nr receive... evolued utra (release 7) doc. : Technical report, 2006 [7] J Moon, H Jin, T Jeon, and S.-K Lee Channel Estimation for MIMO-OFDM Systems Employing Spatial Multiplexing doc. : IEEE VTC, volume5,pages 36-49, 2004 [8] E.G Larsson, and J Li Preamble Design for Multiple-Antenna OFDM-based WLANs with Null Subcarriers IEEE Signal Processing Letters, Vol 8, pp 285-288, Nov 2001 [9] H Kobayaki and K Mori Proposal of . of communications and networking. The introductions, data, and references in this book would help the readers know more about communications and networking. Wong VI This book Communications and Networking focuses on the issues at the lowest two layers of communications and networking and provides recent research