CHAPTER I. CHAPTER II. CHAPTER III. CHAPTER IV. CHAPTER V. CHAPTER VI. CHAPTER VII. CHAPTER VIII. CHAPTER IX. CHAPTER X. CHAPTER XI. CHAPTER XII. CHAPTER XIII. CHAPTER XIV. CHAPTER XV. An Historical Account of the Settlements of by J. P. MacLean The Project Gutenberg EBook of An Historical Account of the Settlements of Scotch Highlanders in America, by J. P. MacLean This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: An Historical Account of the Settlements of Scotch Highlanders in America Author: J. P. MacLean An Historical Account of the Settlements of by J. P. MacLean 1 Release Date: June 23, 2008 [EBook #25879] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SCOTCH HIGHLANDERS IN AMERICA *** Produced by Marilynda Fraser-Cunliffe, Graeme Mackreth and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was made using scans of public domain works from the University of Michigan Digital Libraries.) [Illustration: Painted by Captn. W McKenzie BATTLE OF CULLODEN.] An Historical Account OF THE Settlements of Scotch Highlanders IN America PRIOR TO THE PEACE OF 1783 TOGETHER WITH NOTICES OF Highland Regiments AND Biographical Sketches BY J.P. MACLEAN, PH.D. Life Member Gaelic Society of Glasgow, and Clan MacLean Association of Glasgow; Corresponding Member Davenport Academy of Sciences, and Western Reserve Historical Society; Author of History of Clan MacLean, Antiquity of Man, The Mound Builders, Mastodon, Mammoth and Man, Norse Discovery of America, Fingal's Cave, Introduction Study St. John's Gospel, Jewish Nature Worship, etc. ILLUSTRATED. THE HELMAN-TAYLOR COMPANY, CLEVELAND. JOHN MACKAY, GLASGOW. 1900. [Illustration: HIGHLAND ARMS.] An Historical Account of the Settlements of by J. P. MacLean 2 TO COLONEL SIR FITZROY DONALD MACLEAN, Bart., C.B., President of The Highland Society of London, An hereditary Chief, honored by his Clansmen at home and abroad, on account of the kindly interest he takes in their welfare, as well as everything that relates to the Highlands, and though deprived of an ancient patrimony, his virtues and patriotism have done honor to the Gael, this Volume is Respectfully dedicated by the AUTHOR. "There's sighing and sobbing in yon Highland forest; There's weeping and wailing in yon Highland vale, And fitfully flashes a gleam from the ashes Of the tenantless hearth in the home of the Gael. There's a ship on the sea, and her white sails she's spreadin', A' ready to speed to a far distant shore; She may come hame again wi' the yellow gowd laden, But the sons of Glendarra shall come back no more. The gowan may spring by the clear-rinnin' burnie, The cushat may coo in the green woods again. The deer o' the mountain may drink at the fountain, Unfettered and free as the wave on the main; But the pibroch they played o'er the sweet blooming heather Is hushed in the sound of the ocean's wild roar; The song and the dance they hae vanish'd thegither, For the maids o' Glendarra shall come back no more." PREFACE. An attempt is here made to present a field that has not been preoccupied. The student of American history has noticed allusions to certain Scotch Highland settlements prior to the Revolution, without any attempt at either an account or origin of the same. In a measure the publication of certain state papers and colonial records, as An Historical Account of the Settlements of by J. P. MacLean 3 well as an occasional memoir by an historical society have revived what had been overlooked. These settlements form a very important and interesting place in the early history of our country. While they may not have occupied a very prominent or pronounced position, yet their exertions in subduing the wilderness, their activity in the Revolution, and the wide influence exercised by the descendants of these hardy pioneers, should, long since, have brought their history and achievements into notice. The settlement in North Carolina, embracing a wide extent of territory, and the people numbered by the thousands, should, ere this, have found a competent exponent. But it exists more as a tradition than an actual colony. The Highlanders in Georgia more than acted their part against Spanish encroachments, yet survived all the vicissitudes of their exposed position. The stay of the Highlanders on the Mohawk was very brief, yet their flight into Canada and final settlement at Glengarry forms a very strange episode in the history of New York. The heartless treatment of the colony of Lachlan Campbell by the governor of the province of New York, and their long delayed recompense stands without a parallel, and is so strange and fanciful, that long since it should have excited the poet or novelist. The settlements in Nova Scotia and Prince Edwards Island, although scarcely commenced at the breaking out of the Revolution, are more important in later events than those chronicled in this volume. The chapters on the Highlands, the Scotch-Irish, and the Darien scheme, have sufficient connection to warrant their insertion. It is a noticeable fact that notwithstanding the valuable services rendered by the Highland regiments in the French and Indian war, but little account has been taken by writers, except in Scotland, although General David Stewart of Garth, as early as 1822, clearly paved the way. Unfortunately, his works, as well as those who have followed him, are comparatively unknown on this side the Atlantic. I was led to the searching out of this phase of our history, not only by the occasional allusions, but specially from reading works devoted to other nationalities engaged in the Revolution. Their achievements were fully set forth and their praises sung. Why should not the oppressed Gael, who sought the forests of the New World, struggled in the wilderness, and battled against foes, also be placed in his true light? If properly known, the artist would have a subject for his pencil, the poet a picture for his praises, and the novelist a strong background for his romance. Cleveland, O., October, 1898. TABLE OF CONTENTS. * CHAPTER I. THE HIGHLANDERS OF SCOTLAND. Division of Scotland People of the Highlands Language Clanship Chiefs Customs Special Characteristics Fiery-Cross Slogan Mode of Battle Forays Feasts Position of Woman Marriage Religious Toleration Superstitions Poets Pipers Cave of Coire-nan-Uriskin The Harp Gaelic Music Costume Scotland's Wars War with Romans Battle of Largs Bannockburn Flodden Pinkie Wars of Montrose Bonnie Dundee Earl of Mar Prince Charles Stuart Atrocities in the Wake of Culloden Uncertainty of Travellers' Observations Kidnapping Emigration 17 * CHAPTER II. THE SCOTCH-IRISH IN AMERICA. An Historical Account of the Settlements of by J. P. MacLean 4 Origin of the name of Scotland Scoto-Irish Ulster Clandonald Protestant Colonies in Ireland Corruption of Names Percentage of in Revolution Characteristics Persecuted Emigration from Ulster First Scotch-Irish Clergyman in America Struggle for Religious Liberty Settlement at Worcester History of the Potato Pelham Warren and Blandford Colerain Londonderry Settlements in Maine New York New Jersey Pennsylvania The Revolution Maryland Virginia Patrick Henry Daniel Morgan George Rogers Clark North Carolina Battle of King's Mountain South Carolina Georgia East Tennessee Kentucky Canada Industrial Arts Distinctive Characteristics 40 * CHAPTER III. CAUSES THAT LED TO EMIGRATION. Results of Clanship Opposed to Emigration Emigration to Ulster Expatriation of 7000 Changed Condition of Highlanders Lands Rented Dissatisfaction Luxurious Landlords Action of Chiefs in Skye Deplorable State of Affairs Sheep-Farming Improvements Buchanan's Description Famine Class of Emigrants America Hardships and Disappointments 60 * CHAPTER IV. DARIEN SCHEME. First Highlanders in America Disastrous Speculation Ruinous Legislation Massacre of Glencoe Darien Scheme Projected William Paterson Fabulous Dreams Company Chartered Scotland Excited Subscriptions List of Subscribers Spanish Sovereignty over Darien English Jealousy and Opposition Dutch East India Company King William's Duplicity English and Dutch Subscriptions Withdrawn Great Preparations Purchase of Ships Sailing of First Expedition Settlement of St. Andrews Great Sufferings St. Andrews Abandoned The Caledonia and Unicorn Arrive at New York Recriminations The St. Andrews The Dolphin King Refuses Supplies Relief Sent Spaniards Aggressive Second Expedition Highlanders Disappointed Expectations Discordant Clergy How News was Received in Scotland Give Vent to Rage King William's Indifference Campbell of Fonab Escape Capitulation of Darien Colony Ships Destroyed Final End of Settlers 75 * CHAPTER V. HIGHLANDERS IN NORTH CAROLINA. On the Cape Fear Town Established Highlanders Patronized Arrival of Neil McNeill Action of Legislature List of Grantees Wave of Emigration Represented in Legislature Colony Prosperous Stamp Act Genius of Liberty Letter to Highlanders Emigrants from Jura Lands Allotted War of Regulators Campbelton Charter Public Road Public Buildings at Campbelton Petition for Pardon Highland Costume Clan Macdonald Emigration Allan Macdonald of Kingsborough American Revolution Sale of Public Offices Attitude of Patriots Provincial Congress Highlanders Objects of Consideration Reverend John McLeod Committee to Confer with Highlanders British Confidence Governor Martin Provincial Congress of 1775 Farquhard Campbell Arrival of the George Other Arrivals Oaths Administered Distressed Condition Petition to Virginia Convention War Party in the Ascendant American Views Highlanders Fail to Understand Conditions Reckless Indifference of Leaders General Donald Macdonald British Campaign Governor Martin Manipulates a Revolt Macdonald's Manifesto Rutherford's Manifesto Highlanders in Rebellion Standard at Cross Creek March for Wilmington Country Alarmed Correspondence Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge Overthrow of Highlanders Prescribed Parole Prisoners Address Congress Action of Sir William Howe Allan Macdonald's Letter On Parole Effects His Exchange Letter to Members of Congress Cornwallis to Clinton Military at Cross Creek Women Protected Religious Status 102 An Historical Account of the Settlements of by J. P. MacLean 5 * CHAPTER VI. HIGHLANDERS IN GEORGIA. English Treatment of Poor Imprisonment for Debt Oglethorpe's Philanthropy Asylum Projected Oglethorpe Sails for Georgia Selects the Site of Savannah Fort Argyle Colonists of Different Nationalities Towns Established Why Highlanders were Selected Oglethorpe Returns to England Highland Emigrants Character of John Macleod Founding of New Inverness Oglethorpe Sails for Georgia Visits the Highlanders Fort St. Andrews Spaniards Aggressive Messengers Imprisoned Spanish Perfidy Suffering and Discontent in 1737 Dissension Increases Removal Agitated African Slavery Prohibited Petition and Counter Petition Highlanders Oppose African Slavery Insufficient Produce Raised Murder of Unarmed Highlanders Florida Invaded St. Augustine Blockaded Massacre of Highlanders at Fort Moosa Failure of Expedition Conduct of William MacIntosh Indians and Carolinians Desert Agent Reprimanded by Parliament Clansmen at Darien John MacLeod Abandons His Charge Georgia Invaded Highlanders Defeat the Enemy Battle of Bloody Marsh Spaniards Retreat Ensign Stewart Oglethorpe Again Invades Florida Growth of Georgia Record in Revolution Resolutions Assault on British War Vessels Capture of County of Liberty Settlement Remained Highland 146 * CHAPTER VII. CAPTAIN LACHLAN CAMPBELL'S NEW YORK COLONY. Lachlan Campbell Donald Campbell's Memorial Motives Controlling Royal Governors Governor Clarke to Duke of Newcastle Same to Lords of Trade Efforts of Captain Campbell Memorial Rejected Redress Obtained Grand Scheme List of Grantees A Desperado Township of Argyle Records of Change of Name of County Highland Soldiers Occupy Lands How Allotted Selling Land Warrants New Hampshire Grants Ethan Allan Revolution An Incident Indian Raid Massacre of Jane McCrea Religious Sentiment 176 * CHAPTER VIII. HIGHLAND SETTLEMENT ON THE MOHAWK. Sir William Johnson Highlanders Preferred Manner of Life Changed State of Affairs Sir John Johnson Highlanders not Civic Officers Sir John Johnson's Movements Inimical Tryon County Committee to Provincial Congress Action of Continental Congress Sir John to Governor Tryon Action of General Schuyler Sir John's Parole Highlanders Disarmed Arms Retained Highland Hostages Instructions for Seizing Sir John Sir John on Removal of Highlanders Flight of Highlanders to Canada Great Sufferings Lady Johnson a Hostage Highland Settlement a Nest of Treason Exodus of Highland Women Some Families Detained Letter of Helen McDonell Regiment Organized Butler's Rangers Cruel Warfare Fort Schuyler Besieged Battle of Oriskany Heroism of Captain Gardenier Parole of Angus McDonald Massacre of Wyoming Bloodthirsty Character of Alexander McDonald Indian Country Laid Waste Battle of Chemung Sir John Ravages Johnstown Visits Schoharie with Fire and Sword Flight from Johnstown Exploit of Donald McDonald Shell's Defence List of Officers of Sir John Johnson's Regiment Settlement in Glengarry Allotment of Lands Story of Donald Grant Religious Services Established 196 * CHAPTER IX. GLENALADALE HIGHLANDERS OF PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. An Historical Account of the Settlements of by J. P. MacLean 6 Highlanders in Canada John Macdonald Educated in Germany Religious Oppression Religion of the Yellow-Stick Glenaladale Becomes Protector Emigration Company Raised Against Americans Capture of American Vessel Estimate of Glenaladale Offered Governorship of Prince Edward Island 231 * CHAPTER X. HIGHLAND SETTLEMENT IN PICTOU, NOVA SCOTIA. Emigration to Nova Scotia Ship Hector Sails from Lochbroom Great Sufferings and Pestilence Landing of Highlanders Frightening of Indians Bitter Disappointment Danger of Starvation False Reports Action of Captain Archibald Truro Migration Hardships Incidents of Suffering Conditions of Grants of Land Hector's Passengers Interesting Facts Relative to Emigrants Industries Plague of Mice American Revolution Divided Sentiment Persecution of American Sympathizers Highlanders Loyal to Great Britain Americans Capture a Vessel Privateers Wreck of the Malignant Man-of-War Indian Alarm Itinerant Preachers Arrival of Reverend James McGregor 235 * CHAPTER XI. FIRST HIGHLAND REGIMENTS IN AMERICA. Cause of French and Indian War Highlanders Sent to America The Black Watch Montgomery's Highlanders Fraser's Highlanders Uniform of Black Watch at Albany Lord Loudon at Halifax Surrender of Fort William Henry Success of the French Defeat at Ticonderoga Gallant Conduct of Highlanders List of Casualties Expedition Against Louisburg Destruction French Fleet Capture of Louisburg Expedition Against Fort Du Quesne Defeat of Major Grant Washington Name Fort Changed to Fort Pitt Battalions of 42nd United Amherst Possesses Ticonderoga Army at Crown Point Fall of Quebec Journal of Malcolm Fraser Movements of Fraser's Highlanders Battle of Heights of Abraham Galling Fire Sustained by Highlanders Anecdote of General Murray Retreat of French Officers of the Black Watch Highland Regiments Sail for Barbadoes Return to New York Black Watch Sent to Pittsburg Battle of Bushy Run Black Watch Sent Against Ohio Indians Goes to Ireland Impressions of in America Table of Losses Montgomery Highlanders Against the Cherokees Battle with Indians Allan Macpherson's Tragic Death Retreat from Indian Country Return to New York Massacre at Fort Loudon Surrender of St. Johns Tables of Casualties Acquisition of French Territory a Source of Danger 252 * CHAPTER XII. SCOTCH HOSTILITY TOWARDS AMERICA. Causes of American Revolution Massacre at Lexington Insult to Franklin England Precipitates War Americans Ridiculed Pitt's Noble Defence Attitude of Eminent Men Action of Cities No Enthusiasm in Enlistments in England and Ireland The Press-Gang Enlistment of Criminals Sentiment of People of Scotland Lecky's Estimate Addresses Upholding the King Summary of Highland Addresses Emigration Prohibited Resentment Against Highlanders Shown in Original Draft of Declaration of Independence Petitions of Donald Macleod 292 * CHAPTER XIII. HIGHLAND REGIMENTS IN AMERICAN REVOLUTION. Eulogy of Pitt Organizing in America Secret Instructions to Governor Tryon Principal Agents Royal Highland Emigrants How Received Colonel Maclean Saves Quebec Siege of Quebec First Battalion in Canada Burgoyne's Doubts Second Battalion Sufferings of Treatment of Battle of Eutaw Springs Royal An Historical Account of the Settlements of by J. P. MacLean 7 Highland Emigrants Discharged List of Officers Grants of Land John Bethune 42nd or Royal Highlanders Embarks for America Capture of Highlanders Capture of Oxford Transport Prisoners from the Crawford British Fleet Arrives at Staten Island Battle of Long Island Ardor of Highlanders Americans Evacuate New York Patriotism of Mrs. Murray Peril of Putnam Gallant Conduct of Major Murray Battle of Harlem Capture of Fort Washington Royal Highlanders in New Jersey Attacked at Pisquatiqua Sergeant McGregor Battle of Brandywine Wayne's Army Surprised Expeditions During Winter of 1779 Skirmishing and Suffering Infusion of Poor Soldiers Capture of Charleston Desertions Regiment Reduced Sails for Halifax Table of Casualties Fraser's Highlanders Sails for America Capture of Transports Reports of Captain Seth Harding and Colonel Archibald Campbell Confinement of Colonel Campbell Interest in by Washington Battle of Brooklin Diversified Employment Expedition Against Little Egg Harbor Capture of Savannah Retrograde Movement of General Prevost Battle of Brier Creek Invasion of South Carolina Battle of Stono Ferry Retreat to Savannah Siege of Capture of Stony Point Surrender of Charleston Battle of Camden Defeat of General Sumter Battle of King's Mountain Battle of Blackstocks Battle of the Cowpens Battle of Guilford Court-House March of British Army to Yorktown Losses of Fraser's Highlanders Surrender of Yorktown Highlanders Prisoners Regiment Discharged at Perth Argyle Highlanders How Constituted Sails for Halifax Two Companies at Charleston At Penobscot Besieged by Americans Regiment Returns to England Macdonald's Highlanders Sails for New York Embarks for Virginia Bravery of the Soldiers Highlanders on Horseback Surrender of Yorktown Cantoned at Winchester Removed to Lancaster Disbanded at Stirling Castle Summary Estimate of Washington His Opinion of Highlanders Not Guilty of Wanton Cruelty 308 * CHAPTER XIV. DISTINGUISHED HIGHLANDERS WHO SERVED IN AMERICA IN THE INTERESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. General Sir Alan Cameron General Sir Archibald Campbell General John Campbell Lord William Campbell General Simon Fraser of Balnain General Simon Fraser of Lovat General Simon Fraser General James Grant of Ballindalloch General Allan Maclean of Torloisk Sir Allan Maclean General Francis Maclean General John Small Flora Macdonald 377 * CHAPTER XV. DISTINGUISHED HIGHLANDERS IN AMERICAN INTEREST. General Alexander McDougall General Lachlan McIntosh General Arthur St. Clair Serjeant Macdonald 398 APPENDIX. Note A First Emigrants to America 417 Note B Letter of Donald Macpherson 417 Note C Emigration during the Eighteenth Century 419 Note D Appeal to the Highlanders lately arrived from Scotland 422 Note E Ingratitude of the Highlanders 426 Note F Were the Highlanders Faithful to their Oath to the Americans 426 An Historical Account of the Settlements of by J. P. MacLean 8 Note G Marvellous Escape of Captain McArthur 430 Note H Highlanders in South Carolina 442 Note I Alexander McNaughton 443 Note J Allan McDonald's Complaint to the President of Congress 444 Note K The Glengarry Settlers 445 Note to Chapter VIII 448 Note L Moravian Indians 448 Note M Highlanders Refused Lands in America 450 Note N Captain James Stewart commissioned to raise a company of Highlanders 453 List of Subscribers 456 ILLUSTRATIONS. Battle of Culloden Frontispiece Coire-nan-Uriskin 26 House of Henry McWhorter 52 View of Battle-Field of Alamance 55 Scottish India House 90 Barbacue Church, where Flora Macdonald Worshipped 144 Johnson Hall 204 View of the Valley of Wyoming 218 Highland Officer 256 Old Blockhouse Fort Duquesne 281 General Sir Archibald Campbell 397 Brigadier General Simon Fraser 382 General Simon Fraser of Loval 387 Sir Allan Maclean, Bart 391 Flora Macdonald 394 An Historical Account of the Settlements of by J. P. MacLean 9 General Alexander McDougall 398 General Lachlan McIntosh 402 General Arthur St. Clair 405 Sergeant Macdonald and Colonel Gainey 413 PARTIAL LIST OF PRINCIPAL AUTHORITIES CONSULTED. American Archives. Answer of Cornwallis to Clinton. London, 1783. Bancroft (George.) History of the United States. London, N.D. Burt (Captain.) Letters from the North of Scotland, London. 1815. Burton (J.H.) Darien Papers, Bannatyne Club. 1849 Burton (J.H.) History of Scotland. Edinburgh, 1853. Celtic Monthly, Inverness, 1876-1888. Georgia Historical Society Collections. Graham (James J.) Memoirs General Graham, Edinburgh, 1862. Hotten (J.C.) List of Emigrants to America, New York, 1874. Johnson (C.) History Washington County, New York, Philadelphia, 1878. Keltie (J.S.). History of the Highland Clans, Edinburgh, 1882. Lecky (W.E.H.) History of England. London, 1892. Lossing (B.J.) Field-Book of the American Revolution. New York, 1855. Macaulay (T.B.) History of England, Boston, N.D. McDonald (H.) Letter-Book, New York Historical Society, 1892. Macdonell (J.A.) Sketches of Glengarry, Montreal. 1893. McLeod (D.) Brief Review of the Settlement of Upper Canada, Cleveland, 1841. Martin (M.) Description Western Isles, Glasgow, 1884. National Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Americans, Philadelphia, 1852. New York Documentary and Colonial History. An Historical Account of the Settlements of by J. P. MacLean 10 [...]... centuries the entrances or passes into the Grampians constituted a boundary between both the people and their language At the south the Saxon language was universally spoken, while beyond the range the Gaelic formed the mother tongue, accompanied by the plaid, the claymore and other specialties which accompanied Highland characteristics Their language was one of the oldest and least mongrel types of the. .. south of this line is called the Lowlands, and that to the north, including the range, the Highlands The maritime outline of the Highlands is also bold and rocky, and in many places deeply indented by arms of the sea The northern and western coasts are fringed with groups of islands The general surface of the country is mountainous, yet capable of supporting innumerable cattle, sheep and deer The scenery... accelerated in the year 503, when a new colony of Dalriadic Scots, under the leadership of Fergus, son of Eric, left Ireland and settled on the western coast of Argyle and the adjacent isles From Fergus was derived the line of Scoto-Irish kings, who finally, in 843, ascended the Pictish throne The inhabitants of Ireland and the Highlands of Scotland were but branches of the same Keltic stock, and their language... within the Grampian boundaries This has been known as the kingdom of the Scots; but to the Highlander as that of the Gael, or Albanich The epithets, Scots and English, are totally unknown in Gaelic They call the English Sassanachs, the Lowlanders are Gauls, and their own country Gaeldach Passing over several centuries and paying no attention to the rapines of the Danes and the Norse, we find that the. .. over them The members of the clan claimed consanguinity to the chief The idea never entered into the mind of a Highlander that the chief was anything more than the head of the clan The relation he sustained was subordinate to the will of the people Sometimes his sway was unlimited, but necessarily paternal The tribesmen were strongly attached to the person of their chief He stood in the light of a... large scale, the consequences of which, at the time, arrested the attention of the nation The causes now to be enumerated grew out of the change of policy following the battle of Culloden The atrocities following that battle were both for vengeance and to break the military spirit of the Highlanders The legislative enactments broke the nobler spirit of the people The rights and welfare of the people... O'Cahan, O'Doherty, Maguire, MacMahon, etc The settlements made by the earlier migrations of the Highlanders were chiefly on the coast of Antrim These settlements were connected with and dependent on the Clandonald of Islay and Kintyre The founder of this branch of that powerful family was John Mor, second son of "the good John of Islay," who, about the year 1400, married Majory Bisset, heiress of the. .. some of them earlier than 1720 Within a radius of thirty-five miles of Harrisburgh are the settlements of Donegal, Paxtang, Derry, and Hanover, founded between 1715 and 1724; from whence poured another stream on through the Cumberland Valley, across the Potomac, down through Virginia and into the Carolinas and Georgia The valley of the Juniata was occupied in 1749 The settlements in the lower part of. .. round the waist with a belt of leather The Highlanders bore their part in all of Scotland's wars An appeal, or order, to them never was made in vain Only a brief notice must here suffice Almost at the very dawn of Scotland's history we find the inhabitants CHAPTER I 19 beyond the Grampians taking a bold stand in behalf of their liberties The Romans early triumphed over England and the southern limits of. .. forfeited on account of the chiefs and gentlemen having been compelled to leave the country in order to save their lives These estates were entrusted to the management of commissioners who rudely applied their powers under the new arrangement of affairs When the chiefs, now reduced to the position of lairds, began to realize their condition, and the advantage of making their lands yield them as large an income . XV. An Historical Account of the Settlements of by J. P. MacLean The Project Gutenberg EBook of An Historical Account of the Settlements of Scotch Highlanders. of Battle of Eutaw Springs Royal An Historical Account of the Settlements of by J. P. MacLean 7 Highland Emigrants Discharged List of Officers Grants of