[...]... and whole environments totally dedicated to retail The proliferation of new retail space brings about a re- and de -territorialisation of urban public space that also includes the transformation of materialities and urban design, and even of the logic and ways through which these design amenities meet the needs of retailers and/ or consumers In the wake of the consumer society, research has pointed out... On the one hand, we have commercialised cities and urban life characterised by the privatisation, domestication, and commodification of public space (Zukin 1995, Atkinson 2003), and fragmentation of the urban landscape as a whole On the other hand, commercial businesses and retail spaces are a constituent part of city life and a contributing factor to the integration of people and the possibility of. .. discussion of new ways of looking at in public space transformation and for the development of analytical tools that can enable investigations and new perspectives on the role of built form in public space transformation and retail territorialisation 4 retailising space Retail/ Shopping Spaces, Architecture and Everyday Life To begin with, let me clarify what kind of spaces I have addressed in this book There... 2, Retail Autonomisation, deals with the escalation of consumption and the evolution of retail building types from the end of the nineteenth century until today The chapter is intended to work as a kind of general introduction to the evolution of retail and specifically to the separation of retail from the city in general This separation was a prerequisite for the spatial autonomy and the processes of. .. on the role of built form in the process of territorialisation Although the Swedish case may not be typical, I hope nevertheless to illustrate aspects of how the retailisation of space territorialises aspects of everyday life in the public domain The empirical cases are, by necessity, reductionist They are temporary fixations that facilitate the development of new theoretical tools The role of the. .. we go on to the specific case of retail space, and how retail in certain senses territorialises public space, we need to consider the territorial structure of public space Traditionally, territorial research has mainly been concerned with the exclusion and the privatisation of space (such as Hammad 2002, Altman 1975) and the typical cases are often example of how certain places become more and more exclusive... proliferation of new kinds of retail space Retail space has cropped up just about everywhere in the urban landscape, at libraries, workplaces, churches and museums In short, retail is becoming a more and more manifest part of the public domain The traditional spaces of retail such as city centres and outlying shopping malls are either increasing in size or disappearing, producing new urban types and whole... separation 25 The Modernisation of Retail Trade (1850–1950) At the middle of the nineteenth century, some important changes in legislation paved the way for a more modern organisation of the retail sector These changes include the abolition of the Swedish city toll gates in 1811 and the important decree on the freedom of retail business in 1865 (Näringslivsfrihet), which allowed for retail sales in the countryside... Spartan herald and said, ‘I have never yet been afraid of any men, who have a set place in the middle of their city, where they come together to cheat each other and forswear themselves If I live, the Spartans shall have troubles enough of their own to talk of, without concerning themselves about the Ionians.’ Cyrus intended these words as a reproach against all the Greeks, because of their having market-places... terms of different forms of territorial production is the possibility of changing focus from singular territorial domination to territorial co-operation and intertwining, and thus supplementing the focus on privatisation with that of ‘making public Before I describe the effects of retailisation it is necessary to acknowledge public space as a landscape of deand reterritorialisation There are, of course, .       conceptual and analytical framework coping with the role of architecture in the ongoing territorial productions of  2 urban public spaces.      6 Architecture and the Production of Public Space –Territorial Complexities   119   