15.8.2008 10:26 Uhr Seite Air Pollution and Climate Change at Contrasting Altitude and Latitude 23rd IUFRO Conference Air Pollution and Climate Change Effects on Forest Ecosystems Abstracts iufro_proceedings_us.qxp:Layout 23rd IUFRO Conference for Specialists in Air Pollution and Climate Change Effects on Forest Ecosystems Murten, Switzerland September 7–12, 2008 Abstracts Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research Air Pollution and Climate Change at Contrasting Altitude and Latitude 23rd IUFRO Conference for Specialists in Air Pollution and Climate Change Effects on Forest Ecosystems Murten, Switzerland September 7-12, 2008 Abstracts Edited by Marcus Schaub, Michèle Kaennel Dobbertin and Doris Steiner Published by the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland, 2008 Organizing Committee Marcus Schaub Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland Christian Hug Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland Peter Bleuler Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland Susanne Raschle Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland Michèle Kaennel Dobbertin Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland Doris Steiner Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland Scientific Board Rainer Matyssek Technical University of Munich TUM, Freising, Germany Marcus Schaub Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland Gerhard Wieser Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape BFW, Innsbruck, Austria Elena Paoletti Institute of Plant Protection, National Council of Research, Florence, Italy Recommended form of citation Schaub, M., Kaennel Dobbertin, M., Steiner, D (Eds) 2008 Air Pollution and Climate Change at Contrasting Altitude and Latitude 23rd IUFRO Conference for Specialists in Air Pollution and Climate Change Effects on Forest Ecosystems Murten, Switzerland, 7-12 Sept 2008 Abstracts Birmensdorf, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL 162 pp Electronic version available from Library WSL Zürcherstrasse 111 CH-8903 Birmensdorf Url: http://www.wsl.ch/publikationen/books/index_EN © Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, 2008 Foreword The focus of the conference is on impacts and interactions of air pollutants and climate change on the tree performance across latitudinal and altitudinal ranges In particular, the regional specificities of tree and ecosystem responsiveness to anthropogenic stressors such as elevated CO2 and O3 regimes, enhanced nitrogen deposition and scenarios of climate change, as represented through altered seasonal temperature and moisture regimes will be emphasized The overall aim of the conference is the advancement in risk assessment: which are the consequences for carbon sink strength in respect to the post-Kyoto policies? How are strategies such as the critical levels concept in risk assessment to be defined and evaluated by exposure versus dose-related approaches of stress diagnosis? How realistic are potentials towards process-based, i.e mechanistic concepts for risk assessment? In respect to the above questions the state of the art will be highlighted We cordially invite you to this conference and would be delighted to address the air pollution and climate change effects on forests which will provide a broad, cause-effect related basis for environmental policy making Marcus Schaub, WSL Rainer Matyssek, TUM Gerhard Wieser, BFW Elena Paoletti, IPP-CNR Contents Opening keynote Elements of climatic change and extremes relevant to forests 17 Martin Beniston Session 1: Mechanisms of action and indicator development Advances in understanding ozone risk in forest trees: key messages from Aspen FACE and CASIROZ/SFB 607 18 Rainer Matyssek, David Karnosky, Gerhard Wieser General features of ozone stress on woody plants, detected by the chlorophyll a fluorescence transient (FT) 19 Filippo Bussotti, Chiara Cascio, Reto J Strasser, Marcus Schaub, Giacomo A Gerosa Effects of ozone and elevated carbon dioxide on lignification in leaves and stems 20 Mireille Cabané, Brigitte Pollet, Jean-Claude Pireaux, Nicolas Richet, Franỗoise Huber, Jacques Banvoy, Patrick Perré, Pierre Dizengremel, Catherine Lapierre Volatile organic compounds from vegetation and their interaction with ozone 21 Carlo Calfapietra, Silvano Fares, Francesco Loreto Reducing power dependent on metabolic changes as an indicator of effective ozone phytotoxicity 22 Pierre Dizengremel, Yves Jolivet, Didier le Thiec, Marie-Paule Hasenfratz-Sauder, Matthieu Bagard Response of mature Scots pines to drought stress: comparing various foliar and stem wood indicators 23 Matthias Dobbertin, Britta Eilmann, Peter Bleuler, Arnaud Giuggiola, Elisabeth Graf Pannatier, Werner Landolt, Andreas Rigling Fine root dynamics of Fagus sylvatica and the influence of elevated ozone concentrations 24 Raphael Mainiero, Marian Kazda Relating ozone effects on Mediterranean evegreen forests species with ozone uptake fluxes: a review of experiments in Spain 25 Rocío Alonso, Susana Elvira, Victoria Bermejo, Ignacio González-Fernández, Benjamín S Gimeno Visible and microscopic ozone symptoms in Quercus ilex 26 Carlos Calderón Guerrero, Madeleine S Günthardt-Goerg, Pierre Vollenweider Leaf fluctuating asymmetry of Betula pendula Roth as an indicator of environment quality 27 Izabella Franiel, Anna Błocka Histological, morphological and micromorphological changes in Abies alba leaves and young stems under the influence of air pollutants 28 Irina Neta Gostin Effect of the warm and dry 2003 growing season on wood formation dynamics in Norway spruce at two elevations in Slovenia 29 Jožica Gričar, Primož Oven, Tom Levanič Querco: Oak model ecosystems under climate change 30 Madeleine S Günthardt-Goerg, Rainer Steinbrecher, Matthias Dobbertin, Pierre Vollenweider, Nicla Contran, Sandra Hermle, Elena Paoletti Differences in autumn senescence and foliar phenolics in ozone sensitive and tolerant hybrid aspen clones 31 Elina Häikiö, Vera Freiwald, Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto, Egbert Beuker, Toini Holopainen, Elina Oksanen Leaf structural characteristics and plant VOCs affecting defence responses against elevated temperature and ozone on European aspen 32 Kaisa Hartikainen, Anne-Marja Nerg, Minna Kivimäenpää, Elina Oksanen, Toini Holopainen Photosynthetic properties and stomatal conductance traits of Platanus occidentalis growing under two levels of air pollution along the streets of Seoul 33 Sun Mi Je, Su Young Woo, Soo Zin Rayng, Joo Han Sung Bioindication of disturbances as reflected in belowground processes in forest ecosystems 34 Hojka Kraigher, Franc Batič, Primož Simončič The effect of elevated CO2 on leaf nitrogen partitioning between photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic functions in poplar (EuroFACE) during and after CO2 fumigation 35 Ebe Merilo, Ingmar Tulva, Eve Eensalu, Olaf Räim, Carlo Calfapietra, Olevi Kull Growth and frost hardiness of European and hybrid aspen as influenced by water and nitrogen 36 Suvi Nikula, Pertti Pulkkinen, Sirkku Manninen Ozone amplifies short-term water loss from mature trees by slowing down stomatal dynamics 37 Elena Paoletti, Angela J Nunn, Nancy Grulke, Ursula Metzger, Rainer Matyssek Populus maximowiczii Henry x P x berolinensis Dippel: a model tree to study ozone stress 38 Martina Pollastrini, Rosanna Desotgiu, Chiara Cascio, Filippo Bussotti, Giacomo A Gerosa, Riccardo Marzuoli, Marcus Schaub, Kris Novak, Reto J Strasser Ozone effects on physiological, anatomical and morphological changes of several urban tree species in Seoul 39 Soo-zin Ryang, Su-young Woo, Sun-mi Je, Seong-han Lee, Hyo-cheng Cheng, Kyeong-nam Kim, Saeng-gul Baek, Eu-ddeum Lee, Myeong-ja Gwak, Rae-kyoung Han In situ photosynthesis of three poplar species in EuroFACE 40 Ingmar Tulva, Olaf Räim, Eve Eensalu Structural changes in Ponderosa pine needles exposed to high ozone concentrations in the San Bernardino Mountains near Los Angeles, CA 41 Pierre Vollenweider, Andrzej Bytnerowicz, Mark Fenn, Terry Menard, Madeleine S GünthardtGoerg Session 2: Atmospheric deposition, soils and nutrient cycles Forest CO2 responses 42 Christian Körner Does nitrogen deposition increase carbon sink strength of forests? 43 Sabine Braun, Vera F D Thomas, Walter Flückiger Response of a forested watershed in Italy to changing N deposition detected through long-term studies on surface water ecosystems 44 Michela Rogora, Aldo Marchetto Tree-ring isotopic perspective on NOx and climate effects in regular field settings 45 Martine M Savard, Christian Bégin, Anna Smirnoff, Joëlle Marion Photosynthetic efficiency vs canopy N uptake at a high-N-loading Swiss forest and at a highly variable-N-loading Rocky Mountain subalpine forest 46 Herman Sievering, Werner Eugster, Hugo Balster, Patrick Schleppi, Peter Waldner, Anne Thimonier, Nina Buchmann Exceedance of critical loads for nitrogen, nutrient status and forest condition on Swiss Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research (LWF) plots 47 Anne Thimonier, Elisabeth Graf Pannatier, Maria Schmitt, Peter Waldner, Matthias Dobbertin, Lorenz Walthert, Norbert Kräuchi, Patrick Schleppi Seasonal variation in DOC leaching from the tree canopy and uppermost forest soil layers along a latitudinal gradient in Finland 48 Antti-Jussi Lindroos, John Derome, Heljä-Sisko Helmisaari Nutrient and hydrological cycles in forest ecosystems: results of a long-term hydroecological study 49 Yusuf Serengil, Süleyman Özhan Effect of fluorine and heavy metals pollution on gamasid mite communities (Acari: Gamasina) in forest ecosystems in Romania 50 Adina Călugăr The photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen allocation of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) grown in FACE (Free Air CO2 Enrichment) system 51 Dongsu Choi, Yoko Watanabe, Tokihisa Agari, Kaichiro Sasa, Hiroto Toda, Takayoshi Koike Importance of bedrock composition for BC/Al ratios in the root zone and consequences for critical loads of acidity 52 Elisabeth Graf Pannatier, Peter Blaser, Lorenz Walthert Soil-surface CO2 efflux after a fire in a Holm oak, a Scots pine and a Pyrenean oak forest in Central Spain 53 Rosa Inclán, Daniel De La Torre, Dolores M Sánchez, Ana Maria Fernandez, Ángeles Clavero, Maria del Mar Gonzalez, Ana Carda, Ramón Morante, Carla Uribe Assessment of forest damages caused by air pollution (SO2) in the western Black Sea and Marmara region 54 Ahmet Karakaş, Mustafa Zengin, Mehmet Sarıgül, Faruk Ş Özay, Kazım Uluer Long-term acid deposition in the Ore Mountains and its influence on the chemistry of forest soil 55 Václav Lochman, Vít Šrámek, Věra Fadrhonsová, Zora Lachmanová Nitrogen biogeochemistry of a mature Scots pine forest subjected to high nitrogen loads 56 Johan Neirynck, Ivan A Janssens, Peter Roskams, Reinhart Ceulemans Throughfall and open-field bulk precipitation chemistry in a Quercus ilex, a Quercus pyrenaica and a Pinus sylvestris forest in the surrounding area of Madrid, Spain 57 Dolores M Sánchez, Rosa Inclán, Maria Ángeles Clavero, Manuel Fernandez, Ana Carda, Ramón Morante, Carla Uribe Altitude-related impact of air pollutants on Austrian forest ecosystems 58 Stefan Smidt, Friedl Herman Response of spruce stands of national parks in southern Poland to air pollution deposition during the period of 1998–2005 59 Tomasz Staszewski, Piotr Kubiesa, Włodzimierz Łukasik, Jerzy Szdzuj The influence of N fertilization on N and P resorption efficiency and proficieny in young beech trees 60 Vera F D Thomas, Sabine Braun, Walter Flückiger Session 3: Joint session on concept and application of critical loads for forests Critical loads assessments for acidity and nitrogen by ICP Forests 61 Martin Lorenz Estimates of critical acid loads and exceedances for forest soils across the conterminous United States 62 Steven McNulty, Erika Cohen, Harbin Li, Jennifer Moore Myers, Timothy Sullivan Need for more integrated collaboration between Europe and North America in developing and implementing critical loads methodologies 63 Andrzej Bytnerowicz Nitrogen critical loads and management alternatives for N-impacted ecosystems in California 64 Mark Fenn, Edith Allen, Stu Weiss, Fengming Yuan, Thomas Meixner, Benjamin Sanchez Gimeno Unique characteristics of Mediterranean ecosystems in relation to the determination of N critical loads 65 Benjamin S Gimeno, Fengming Yuan, Mark Fenn, Thomas Meixner The critical loads approach: providing the basis for sustainable forest land management and policies in Canada 66 Rock Ouimet, Paul A Arp, Julian Aherne, Shaun Watmough Effects of S, N and HM deposition on natural forest ecosystems 67 Lars Lundin Critical loads of nitrogen: definition and application in European air pollution policy 68 Till Spranger Effects of elevated nitrogen deposition on lichen communities of mixed conifer forests in south-eastern Sierra Nevada, California 69 Sarah Jovan, Andrzej Bytnerowicz, Mark Fenn Critical loads of acidity and nitrogen - application to intensive monitoring plots in Germany 70 Henning Meesenburg Application of heavy metal critical loads concept for forests: verification of critical limit functions 71 Tatiana Pampura, Eugenia Blagodatskaya, Steven Lofts Climate change impacts on the exceedance of critical loads in forest ecosystems in the northern Slovakia 72 Zuzana Sitková, Tomáư Hlásny, Pavel Pavlenda, Vladimír Kunca Session 4: Integrated effects of multiple stressors Plasticity in ecophysiological traits of western U.S conifers along elevational and latitudinal gradients: implications for response to environmental uncertainty 73 Nancy E Grulke Growth dynamics and stem respiration in Pinus cembra (L.) 74 Andreas Gruber, Gerhard Wieser, D Baumgartner, J Zimmermann, Walter Oberhuber Ectomycorrhizal colonization of Norway spruce and soil microbial communities in forest sites with different environmental conditions 75 Leszek Karliński, Barbara Kieliszewska-Rokicka Seasonal and long-term effects of CO2 and O3 and their interaction with climate and soil moisture on water loss in Ponderosa pine 76 E Henry Lee, David T Tingey, Ronald S Waschmann, Donald L Phillips, David M Olszyk, Mark G Johnson, William E Hogsett Antioxidant capacity, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in Betula pendula saplings grown under elevated temperature and O3 77 Johanna Riikonen, Maarit Mäenpää, Elina Oksanen Session 7: Risk assessment and modeling Effectiveness of the stomatal flux approach in predicting the onset of foliar visible injuries in young forest trees Riccardo Marzuoli (1,2), Giacomo A Gerosa (1,2), Rosanna Desotgiu (3), Filippo Bussotti (3), Antonio Ballarin Denti (1) (1) Dept of Mathematics & Physics, Università Cattolica del S.C., Brescia, Italy (2) CRINES – Research Centre on Atmospheric Pollution and Ecosystems, Curno, Italy (3) Dept of Plant Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy Corresponding author: Riccardo Marzuoli (giacomo.gerosa@unicatt.it) This presentation summarizes the main results of a two-year TOP (Transboundary Ozone Pollution) experiment carried out in an open-top chamber facility located in Northern Italy Three different ozone treatments (charcoal-filtered; non-filtered; and open plots) and two soil moisture treatments (watered and non-watered plots) were performed on seedlings of Populus nigra, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur and Fraxinus excelsior Stomatal conductance models were drawn up and parameterized for the four species growing under South Alpine environmental conditions, allowing the calculation of ozone stomatal fluxes The flux-based approach provided a better performance than the AOT40 in predicting the onset of foliar visible injuries, and critical flux levels for three of the four species are proposed -2 (ranging between 30 and 33 mmol O3 m ) Soil water stress influenced symptoms appearance and development by limiting ozone uptake The results from the different treatments suggest the existence of an hourly flux threshold, below which complete ozone detoxification is ensured by the plant response A value estimation of this flux threshold and the respective methodology will be discussed References: Gerosa, G., Marzuoli, R., Desotgiu, R., Bussotti, F., Ballarin-Denti, A., 2008 Visible leaf injury in young trees of Fagus sylvatica L and Quercus robur L in relation to ozone uptake and ozone exposure An Open-Top Chambers experiment in South Alpine Environmental conditions Environmental Pollution 152, 274-284 Gerosa, G., Marzuoli, R., Desotgiu, R., Bussotti, F., Ballarin-Denti, A., submitted Validation of the stomatal flux approach for the assessment of ozone effects on visible injury in young forest trees A summary report of the TOP (Transboundary Ozone Pollution) experiment at Curno, Italy Environmental Pollution, submitted Marzuoli, R., Gerosa, G., Desotgiu, R., Bussotti, F., Ballarin-Denti, A., submitted Ozone fluxes and foliar injuries development in a sensitive Populus nigra clone A dose-response analysis Tree Physiology, submitted In: Schaub, M., Kaennel Dobbertin, M., Steiner, D (Eds) 2008 Air Pollution and Climate Change at Contrasting Altitude and Latitude 23rd IUFRO Conference for Specialists in Air Pollution and Climate Change Effects on Forest Ecosystems Murten, Switzerland, 7-12 Sept 2008 Abstracts Birmensdorf, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL 162 pp 147 Session 7: Risk assessment and modeling Climatic influences on the coupling of water fluxes, organic carbon fluxes and mercury fluxes from boreal forest soils Markus Meili (1), Ishi Buffam (2), Peder Blomkvist (2), Hjalmar Laudon (2), Kevin Bishop (3) (1) Dept of Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (2) Dept of Forest Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden (3) Dept of Environmental Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden Corresponding author: Markus Meili (Markus.Meili@itm.su.se) Mercury concentrations in forest soils are approaching ecotoxicologically critical levels, even in background areas which actualizes the issue of how the atmospheric input of Hg is balanced by leaching losses Furthermore, the cycling and fate of Hg entering forested watersheds is likely to be strongly affected by climatic changes due to strong links to biological processes This was tested by high-resolution sampling in a network of streams draining a forested catchment in northern Sweden, where seasonal fluctuations in temperature and water flow are substantial and may provide proxy information also about long-term climatic changes Growing evidence shows that even within semi-natural catchments of a given region, Hg concentrations in runoff water can vary both locally and temporally by an order of magnitude or more As expected, a strong correlation with organic matter was observed both in soils and waters However, the relationships between Hg and organic matter showed systematic variations both seasonally and spatially, and covaried with catchment properties Apparently, the export of mercury from boreal watersheds is linked to not only the quantity but also to the quality and age of the exported organic matter Further, changes in climate appear to be a primary driver controlling the characteristics in the coupling between elements exported from forest soils, and thus also of the critical atmospheric load of many elements References: Meili, M., Bishop, K., Bringmark, L., Johansson, K., Munthe, J., Sverdrup, H., de Vries, W., 2003 Critical levels of atmospheric pollution: criteria and concepts for operational modelling of mercury in forest and lake ecosystems Science of the Total Environment 304, 83-106, doi: 10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00559-4 Meili, M et al., 2004 Modelling critical loads of metals for terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems: Mercury In: United Nations Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (UN/ECECLRTAP-WGE-ICPMM), Manual on methodologies and criteria for modelling and mapping of critical loads & levels and air pollution effects, risks and trends Chapter 5.5.2.2.4, pp V.54 -55, and Chapter 5.5.3.2, pp V.60-63 Online (including updates): http://www.icpmapping org/htm/manual/manual.htm, http://www.icpmapping.org/pub/ manual_2004/mapman_5_5 pdf Printed: Federal Environmental Agency, Berlin, UBA-Texte 52/04 (ISSN 0722-186X, http: //www.umweltbundesamt.de/uba-info-medien-e/, http://www.umweltdaten de/publikationen/fpdf-l/2837.pdf) In: Schaub, M., Kaennel Dobbertin, M., Steiner, D (Eds) 2008 Air Pollution and Climate Change at Contrasting Altitude and Latitude 23rd IUFRO Conference for Specialists in Air Pollution and Climate Change Effects on Forest Ecosystems Murten, Switzerland, 7-12 Sept 2008 Abstracts Birmensdorf, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL 162 pp 148 Session 7: Risk assessment and modeling Mapping the carbon sequestration in forests of North Rhine-Westphalia applying regression kriging Roland Pesch, Gunther Schmidt, Winfried Schröder University of Vechta, Chair of Landscape Ecology, Germany Corresponding author: Roland Pesch (rpesch@iuw.uni-vechta.de) The Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007) confirms that the global climate change is caused by human activities, particularly by emissions of greenhouse-gases like carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) The international Kyoto-Protocol identified the fixation of carbon dioxide in forests as one important factor to reduce the CO2-content of the atmosphere Therefore, the carbon fixation in forests should be monitored In this study the carbon storage of three forest compartments – biomass (trees and deadwood), humus-layer and mineral soil – in North Rhine-Westphalia was estimated by use of site-specific forest inventory and surface data by means of a geostatistical technique called regression-kriging (Odeh et al., 1994) The methodology consists of the (1) calculation of a statistically valid regression-equation for a defined target variable from a set of meaningful predictor variables and applying such on the available surface data and (2) examination of the spatial autocorrelation of the residuals via variogram analyses and, if such is proven, performance of kriging procedures; the resulting residual map is then added to the regression map obtained through step (1) With regard to the study presented here the carbon loads in the three forest compartments were defined as the target variables Surface data on elevation, climate (temperature, sun duration, precipitation, global radiation), soil properties and diverse topographic parameters were chosen as the predicting variables The procedures resulted in three regression grids with a spatial resolution of to km² Spatial autocorrelation of the residuals was only found with regard to the humus-layer so a residual raster map was calculated with help of ordinary kriging and then added to the humus-layer regression grid By clipping the resulting raster with a forest layer the carbon-fixation in the biomass added up to 47.7 million tons (Mt), in the humus-layer to 17.6 Mt and in the mineral soil to 81.5 Mt In all, a carbon-fixation in the forests of North Rhine-Westphalia of about 146.8 Mt was estimated The numbers match well to already existing estimations found in the literature References: Broecker, F., Pesch, R., Schmidt, G Schröder, W., 2007 Großräumige Regionalisierung der Kohlenstoffbindung in Wäldern anhand von Inventurdaten und digitalen Karten In: Strobl, J., Blaschke, Th., Griesebner, G (Hrsg.): Angewandte Geoinformatik 2007 Beiträge zum 19 AgitSymposium, S 101–110 IPCC, 2007 Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis Contribution of the Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cambridge University Press Cambridge, New York Odeh, I.O.A., McBratney, A.B., Chittleborough, D.J., 1995 Further results on prediction of soil properties from terrain attributes: heterotopic cokriging and regression-kriging In: Geoderma 67(3-4), 215-226 In: Schaub, M., Kaennel Dobbertin, M., Steiner, D (Eds) 2008 Air Pollution and Climate Change at Contrasting Altitude and Latitude 23rd IUFRO Conference for Specialists in Air Pollution and Climate Change Effects on Forest Ecosystems Murten, Switzerland, 7-12 Sept 2008 Abstracts Birmensdorf, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL 162 pp 149 Session 7: Risk assessment and modeling Medium-term trends in meteorological conditions, ozone exposure and ozone uptake of oak trees in eastern Austria: a trend analysis 1990–2007 Gerhard Soja (1), Werner Hann (2), Stephan Pietsch (3) (1) Austrian Research Centers GmbH – ARC, Dept Env Res / UU, Seibersdorf, Austria (2) Amt der NÖ Landesregierung, Abt Umwelttechnik, Baden, Austria (3) University of Natural Resources and Appl Life Sci., Inst Silviculture, Vienna, Austria Corresponding author: Gerhard Soja (gerhard.soja@arcs.ac.at) In the frame of this study we have investigated the question to which extent upwards tending tropospheric ozone levels might have contributed to the stress situation of sessile and pedunculate oak (Quercus petraea and Q robur) that increasingly show dieback symptoms in north-eastern Austria The main objective was to analyze differences in the 18-year time trend 1990–2007 between ozone exposure and ozone uptake The study is based on the local meteorological and ozone data from 1990 to 2007, provided in 30-minute resolution by two local air quality monitoring stations The data from April to October of each year were analyzed for the existence of significant time trends by linear regression analyses, Neumann-tests and Cox and Stuart-tests Ozone data were corrected for atmospheric conductance and measurement height Ozone exposure was calculated as AOT40 or h-mean value (9 am–4 pm) Ozone uptake calculations used the multiplicative Embersonmodel (Emberson et al., 2007): gsto = gmax * fphen * flight *max {fmin, (ftemp * fVPD * fSWP)} -2 -1 -2 -1 considering a flux threshold of 1.6 mmol m s , a gO3max of 160 mmol m s and a fmin of 0.13 All parameters were derived from published literature data for Q petraea or Q robur The calculations confirmed an increasing trend of ozone exposure for both h-mean of ozone (p=0.010) and for AOT40 (p=0.06) from April to October The proportion of very high ozone concentrations (>80 ppb), however, remained constant at about 0-2% of daylight hours There was also no significant trend for precipitation and for vapor pressure deficit However, temperature increased significantly (p=0.022) as well as global radiation (p=0.0002) and wind speed (p=0.013) Consequently, also cumulative stomatal uptake by the oak leaves increased significantly over the 18 years (sun leaves: p=0.0008; shade leaves: p=0.0004) Cumulative stomatal uptake of ozone was not reduced because drought conditions did not significantly increase from 1990 to 2007 However, ozone concentrations and meteorological conditions favoring ozone uptake increased, leading to similar increases in ozone exposure and ozone uptake during the observation period References: Emberson, L.D., Büker, P., Ashmore, M.R., 2007 Assessing the risk caused by ground level ozone to European forest trees: A case study in pine, beech and oak across different climate regions Environmental Pollution 147, 454-466 In: Schaub, M., Kaennel Dobbertin, M., Steiner, D (Eds) 2008 Air Pollution and Climate Change at Contrasting Altitude and Latitude 23rd IUFRO Conference for Specialists in Air Pollution and Climate Change Effects on Forest Ecosystems Murten, Switzerland, 7-12 Sept 2008 Abstracts Birmensdorf, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL 162 pp 150 Session 7: Risk assessment and modeling Risk assessment of ozone for carbon absorption of representative Japanese conifers Makoto Watanabe (1), Naoki Matsuo (2), Masahiro Yamaguchi (2), Hideyuki Matsumura (3), Yoshihisa Kohno (3), Takeshi Izuta (2) (1) Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan (2) Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan (3) Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Abiko, Chiba, Japan Corresponding author: Makoto Watanabe (izuta@cc.tuat.ac.jp) We investigated the effects of ozone (O3) on the annual carbon absorption (ACA) of Cryptomeria japonica, Pinus densiflora and Larix kaempferi in Japan The seedlings of the three species were exposed to charcoal-filtered air or O3 at 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 times ambient concentration in open-top chambers during two growing seasons The ACA was calculated as the difference between the whole-plant carbon content at the end of the first growing season and that at the end of the second growing season We evaluated the relationship between the -1 AOT60 (accumulated exposure over a threshold of 60 nmol mol ) of O3 and the ACA The AOT60 and habitats of the three species throughout Japan were mapped by the geographic information system based on the monitoring data of oxidant concentration and vegetation data (Ministry of the Environment of Japan), respectively Estimation model of carbon content of trees in each age class delimited in five years in each prefecture was made based on the data of forest resource assessment (Forestry Agency of Japan), and the ACA in each age class of the three species was estimated by the model Based on the ACA calculated in each age class, the AOT60 in the tree habitat and O3 exposure-response relationships of the ACA, we estimated O3-induced reductions in the ACA of the three species The extent to which ACA was reduced by O3 was different among the three species At the same AOT60, the extent of O3-induced reduction in the ACA of L kaempferi or P densiflora was higher than that of C japonica The area with relatively high AOT60 did not necessarily correspond to the areas with the O3-induced great reduction in the ACA Although the AOT60 in Nagano, Akita and Iwate Prefecture were relatively low as compared to that in the other prefectures, the extents of O3-induced reduction in the ACA in these prefectures were relatively high This phenomenon was mainly attributed to a large distribution of L kaempferi and P densiflora in Nagano and Iwate Prefectures, and great ACA in Akita and Iwate Prefectures Therefore, we concluded that not only the amount of O3 exposure, but also the distribution and ACA of tree species must be taken into account in the risk assessment of O3 for carbon absorption of Japanese forest tree species The rate of O3-induced reduction in the ACA of the three species throughout Japan was estimated to be 0.8% In: Schaub, M., Kaennel Dobbertin, M., Steiner, D (Eds) 2008 Air Pollution and Climate Change at Contrasting Altitude and Latitude 23rd IUFRO Conference for Specialists in Air Pollution and Climate Change Effects on Forest Ecosystems Murten, Switzerland, 7-12 Sept 2008 Abstracts Birmensdorf, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL 162 pp 151 152 Author index Acatrinei Ligia 80 Aden Christian 113 Agari Tokihisa 51 Aherne Julian 66, 139 Allen Edith 64 Alonso Rocío 25 Alves Edenise S 85 Aoki Masatoshi 81, 82 Arisci Silvia 131 Arp Paul A 66 Astel Aleksander 136 Augustaitienė Ingrida 114, 115 Augustaitis Algirdas 114, 115 Azad Shahin Merina 82 Bacelar Eunice 84 Baek Saeng Geul 39, 116 Bagard Matthieu 22 Bahn Michael 93 Bahnweg Günther 97, 103, 104 Ballarin Denti Antonio 108, 119, 143, 147 Balster Hugo 46 Banvoy Jacques 20 Bartkevičius Edmundas 125 Batič Franc 34 Baumgartner D 74 Baužienė Ieva 114 Bednářová Emílie 133 Beese Fritz 146 Bégin Christian 45 Belyazid Salim 140 Bencardino Mariantonia 141, 142 Beniston Martin 17 Bermejo Victoria 25 Bermejo Raúl 121 Berthold Dirk 146 Betz Gunter A 103 Beuker Egbert 31 Bieber Evi 103 Bishop Kevin 148 Blagodatskaya Eugenia 71 Blaser Peter 52 Bleuler Peter 23 Blomkvist Peder 148 Błocka Anna 27 Borghetti Marco 78 Bovet Lucien 101 Braun Sabine 43, 60, 140 Brizzio Maria Cristina 131 Brunner Ivano 101 Buchmann Nina 46 Buffam Ishi 148 Bulbovas Patricia 85 Buožytė Rasa 111, 112 Bussotti Filippo 19, 38, 107, 119, 147 Bytnerowicz Andrzej 63, 69, 41 Cabané Mireille 20 Calatayud Vicent 117 Calderisi Marco 107 Calderón Guerrero Carlos 26, 83 Calfapietra Carlo 21, 35 Călugăr Adina 50 Carandang Wilfredo M 116 Cardeña Ana 57, 53 Cascio Chiara 19, 38 Čater Matjaž 130 Cerveró Júlia 117 Ceulemans Reinhart 56 Cheng Hyo-cheng 39 Cherubini Paolo 78 Choi Dongsu 51 Cieslik Stan 110 Ciornei Constantin 80 Citterio Giorgio 105 Clavero Sanchez Maria Angeles 57, 53 Cohen Erika 62 Contran Nicla 100, 30 Correia Carlos 84 Cristofolini Fabiana 144 Cristofori Antonella 144 D’Elia Ilaria 141, 142 De La Torre Daniel 53 De Marco Alessandra 141, 142 de Moraes Regina M 85 del Mar Gonzalez Maria 53 Derome John 48 Desotgiu Rosanna 147, 38 Ditmarová Ľubica 118, 137 Dizengremel Pierre 22, 20 Dobbertin Matthias 23, 47, 30 Domingos Marisa 85 Doney Scott C 135 Eensalu Eve 35, 40 Eilmann Britta 23 Einert Peter 146 Ellsworth Davis S 138 Elustondo David 121 Elvira Susana 25 Emiliani G 105 Ernst Dieter 97, 103, 104, 105 Eugster Werner 46, 106 Fabbio Gianfranco 107 Fabrika Marek 118, 137 Fadrhonsová Věra 55 Fan Yun 82 Fares Silvano 21 153 Feddema Johannes J 135 Fenn Mark 64, 65, 69, 41 Fernandez Ana Maria 53 Fernandez Manuel 57 Ferreira Helena 84 Ferreira Cardoso Jorge 84 Ferretti Marco 107, 144 Finco Angelo 143, 119, 108 Fladung Matthias 105 Fleischmann Frank 97 Flückiger Walter 43, 60 Forstreuter Manfred 105 Franiel Izabella 27 Freiwald Vera 31 Fukunaga Toshiko 81 Fung Inez 135 Gerosa Giacomo A 19, 38, 108, 119, 143, 147 Gerstner Elke 97, 103, 104 Giannini Raffaello 105 Gimeno Benjamín S 25, 65 Girgzdiene Rasele 115 Giuggiola Arnaud 23 Godzik Stefan 120 Gonỗalves Berta 84 Gonzỏlez Laura 121 González-Fernández Ignacio 25 Gottardini Elena 144 Graf Pannatier Elisabeth 23, 52, 47 Grams Thorsten E 87, 97 Gričar Jožica 29 Grisel Nadine 101 Gruber Andreas 86, 74, 93 Grulke Nancy E 87, 73, 110, 37 Günthardt-Goerg Madeleine S 26, 30, 41, 79, 83, 100 Guerrieri Maria Rossella 78 Gwak Myeong-ja 39 Häberle Karl-Heinz 87, 128, 104 Häikiö Elina 31 Han Rae-kyoung 39 Hann Werner 150 Hartikainen Kaisa 32, 90 Hasenfratz-Sauder Marie-Paule 22 Hatakeyama Shiro 81, 82 Heerdt Christian 128 Heller Werner 97, 103, 104 Helmisaari Heljä-Sisko 48 Herman Friedl 58 Hermle Sandra 100, 30 Hlásny Tomáö 72 Hogsett William E 76 Holopainen Toini 31, 32, 90 Holy Marcel 122 Horie Katsutoshi 81, 82 Huber Franỗoise 20 Hnovỏ Iva 145, 127 Huttunen Satu 124, 126 Inclán Rosa 57, 53 Izuta Takeshi 151 Jäggi Maya 78 Jakuš Rastislav 118 Janssens Ivan A 56 Jasineviciene Dalia 125 Jazbec Anamarija 130, 91 Je Sun Mi 33, 39 Jochheim Hubert 146 Johnson Mark G 76 Jolivet Yves 22 Jovan Sarah 69 Judzentiene Asta 125 Julkunen-Tiitto Riitta 31 Kallweit Reinhard 146 Karakaş Ahmet 54 Karliński Leszek 75, 98 Karnosky David 18 Kasurinen Anne 90 Kazda Marian 24 Kieliszewska-Rokicka Barbara 75, 98 Kim Kyeong-nam 39, 116 Kitaoka Satoshi 88 Kivimäenpää Minna 32 Kleppin Lukas 113, 123 Kliucius Almantas 125, 115 Kmeť Jaroslav 118 Knappe Claudia 103, 104 Körner Christian 42 Kohno Yoshihisa 151 Koike Takayoshi 51, 88 Konopatzky Alexander 146 Kontunen-Soppela Sari 90 Kozlov Mikhail V 109, 95 Kräuchi Norbert 47, 134 Kraigher Hojka 34 Kubiesa Piotr 120, 59 Künzli Marzanna 101 Kull Olevi 35, 92 Kunca Vladimír 72 Kupcinskiene Eugenija 124, 125 Kupper Priit 92 Kurohata Takahiro 81, 82 Kurz Dani 140 Lachmanová Zora 55 Lakkala Kaisa 126 Lamarque Jean-Franỗois 135 Landolt Werner 23, 134 Lapierre Catherine 20 Lappalainen Niina M 126 Lasheras Esther 121 Laudon Hjalmar 148 le Thiec Didier 22 Leblond Sébastien 122 Lee Eu-ddeum 39 Lee Seong-han 39 Lee E Henry 76 Lee Yen-Huei 135 Leski Tomasz 89, 98 Levanič Tom 29 154 Li Harbin 62 Lindroos Antti-Jussi 48 Lindsay Keith 135 Lochman Václav 55 Logeay Gaëlle 134 Lõhmus Krista 92 Lorenz Martin 61 Loreto Francesco 21 Lundin Lars 67 Łukasik Włodzimierz 120, 59 Machado Silvia R 85 Mäenpää Maarit 90, 77 Mahowald Natalie 135 Mainiero Raphael 24 Małek Stanisław 136 Manninen Sirkku 36 Manninen Anne-Marja 90 Marchetto Aldo 131, 44 Marion Joëlle 45 Markussen T 105 Marozas Vitas 125 Marzuoli Riccardo 38, 108, 119, 143, 147 Matoušková Leona 127 Matsumura Hideyuki 151 Matsuo Naoki 151 Matyssek Rainer 18, 37, 87, 104, 110, 128 McDonald Marjorie 139 McNulty Steven 62 Meesenburg Henning 146, 70 Meili Markus 148 Meiwes Karl-Josef 146 Meixner Thomas 64, 65 Menard Terry 41 Merilo Ebe 35 Métraux Jean-Pierre 101 Metzger Ursula 110, 128, 37 Mikulioniene Sabina 125 Mitsutoshi K 104 Mizuno Shino 81 Moore J Keith 135 Moore Myers Jennifer 62 Morante Ramón 57, 53 Moreira Cármen 84 Mosello Rosario 131 Moura Bárbara B 85 Moutinho Pereira José 84 Müller-Starck Gerhard 104, 102 Neirynck Johan 56 Nerg Anne-Marja 32 Neta Gostin Irina 28 Nikula Suvi 36 Ninagi Osamu 82 Novak Kris 38 Novotný Radek 133 Nunn Angela J 87, 110, 128, 37 Nuorteva Heikki 129 Oberhuber Walter 86, 74, 93 Özay Faruk Ş 54 Özhan Süleyman 49 Oksanen Elina 31, 32, 90, 77, 99 Oksanen Timo 90 Olbrich Maren 97, 103, 104, 105 Olszyk David M 76 Oßwald Wolfgang 97 Ouimet Rock 66 Oven Primož 29 Ozolinčius Remigijus 111, 112 Paffetti D 105 Pampura Tatiana 71 Paoletti Elena 87, 110, 37, 30 Papritz Andreas 134 Pavlenda Pavel 72 Pernar Renata 91 Perré Patrick 20 Pesch Roland 122, 123, 149 Petriccione Bruno 107 Phillips Donald L 76 Pietsch Stephan 150 Pireaux Jean-Claude 20 Pivoras Gintaras 114, 115 Pollastrini Martina 38 Pollet Brigitte 20 Potočić Nenad 130, 91 Pritsch Karin 97 Puhlmann Martina 146 Pulkkinen Pertti 36 Rabier Jacques 125 Radzevicius Alfredas 125 Räim Olaf 35, 40 Randerson James T 135 Raspe Stephan 146 Rayng Soo Zin Richet Nicolas 20 Rigling Andreas 23 Riikonen Johanna 90, 77 Rinaldi Mirian C.S 85 Ripullone Francesco 78 Ritter Wilma 97 Rogora Michela 131, 44 Roininen Heikki 99 Roskams Peter 56 Rousi Matti 90, 99 Rudawska Maria 89, 98 Ryang Soo-zin 33, 39 Sánchez Dolores M 57, 53 Sanchez Gimeno Benjamin 64 Šango Mario 130 Santamaría Jesús Miguel 121 Sanz María-José 117 Sarıgül Mehmet 54 Sasa Kaichiro 51 Saurer Matthias 78 Savard Martine M 45 Schaub Marcus 19, 38, 117 Schleppi Patrick 46, 47, 134 Schmalmack Maren 97 155 Schmidt Gunther 113, 149 Schmitt Maria 47 Schnitzler Jörg-Peter 100 Schröder Winfried 113, 122, 123, 149 Schulte-Bisping Hubert 146 Schulz Christoph 146 Schwob Isabelle 125 Screpanti Augusto 141, 142 Sedivy Isabella 134 Seifert Thomas 102 Seletković Ante 91 Seletković Ivan 130, 91 Sellin Arne 92 Serafinavičiūtė Brigita 111, 112 Serengil Yusuf 49 Siegwolf Rolf 78 Sievering Herman 46 Silfver Tarja 99 Simončič Primož 34 Sitkey Judit 132 Sitková Zuzana 72 Smidt Stefan 58 Smirnoff Anna 45 Sõber Anu 92 Sõber Jaak 92 Soja Gerhard 150 Šopauskienė Dalia 114, 115 Sperisen Christoph 101 Spieler Daniela 86 Spranger Till 68 Šrámek Vít 55, 133 Stakėnas Vidas 111, 112 Staszewski Tomasz 120, 59 Steinbrecher Rainer 100, 30 Steven Lofts 71 Stich Susanne 103, 104 Stikliene Aida 125 Strasser Reto J 19, 38 Střelcová Katarína 118, 137 Sullivan Timothy 62 Sung Joo Han 33 Suokanerva Hanne 126 Sverdrup Harald 140 Szdzuj Jerzy 120, 59 Taraskevicius Ricardas 125 Taylor Gail 96 Teclaw Ronald M 138 Thimonier Anne 46, 47 Thomas Vera F D 43, 60 Thornton Peter 135 Tingey David T 76 Toda Hiroto 51 Tornimbeni Ombretta 131 Tulva Ingmar 35, 40 Uddling Johan 138 Ugarković Damir 91 Uluer Kazım 54 Uribe Carla 57, 53 Veste Maik 105 Vettori Cristina 105 Vialetto Giovanni 141, 142 Vollenweider Pierre 26, 30, 41, 79, 83 Walder Lisa 86 Waldner Peter 46, 47, 134 Walthert Lorenz 52, 47 Waschmann Ronald S 76 Watanabe Yoko 51, 88 Watanabe Makoto 151 Watmough Shaun 66, 139 Weiss Stu 64 Wenig Marion 104 Werner Herbert 104 Whitfield Colin 139 Wieser Gerhard 86, 74, 93, 18 Winkler Barbro J 97 Wipfler Philip 128 Woo Su Young 33, 39, 116 Yamaguchi Masahiro 151 Yokoyama Takeshi 82 Yuan Fengming 64, 65 Zengin Mustafa 54 Zimmer Ina 100 Zimmermann J 74 Zinkute Rimante 125 Zoller Stefan 101 zu Castell Wolfgang 97 Zverev Vitali 94, 109 Zvereva Elena 95, 109 156 Keyword index Abies alba 28 Abies concolor 73 abiotic and biotic resistance 99 Acari 50 acclimation 86 Acer palmatum 39 Acer saccharum 18 acid deposition 70, 72, 115 Aesculus hippocastanum 83 air pollution 28, 34, 54, 68, 96, 120, 132 air pollution abatement 65 air quality mapping 145 Alberta 139 alpine treeline 106 Alps 93, 134 altitude 91 altitudinal gradient 86, 144 aluminum toxicity 101 ammonia pollution 124 ammonium 56 antioxidant 21, 77, 85 AOT40 26, 119, 141, 144, 145, 150 Apiognomonia errabunda 104 arbuscular mycorrhiza 98 arthropod abundance 95 arthropods 95 Aspen FACE 18, 138 atmospheric deposition 49, 55, 57, 63 Austria 58, 74, 86, 93, 150 base saturation 52 BC/Al 52 beech 104 Belgium 56 below-ground processes 34, 93 Beskidy Mountains 120 Betula papyrifera 18 Betula pendula 27, 77, 90, 92, 99 Betula pubescens ssp czerepanovii 94 Betula sp 114 bioaccumulation 69, 122 bioindication 34, 69, 144 biomarker 101 biomass 102, 126, 130 biomass production 42 biomonitoring 38, 117, 121, 129 Brassica campestris 81 Brazil 85 bulk deposition 48, 57, 59, 136 Caesalpinia echinata 85 California 41, 64, 65, 69, 73 cambial activity 29 Canada 45, 63, 66, 139 Canary Islands 93 canopy conductance 76 canopy N uptake 46 canopy opening 88 carbon absorption 151 carbon balance 93 carbon budget 146 carbon cycle 135 carbon metabolism 22, 124 carbon sequestration 42, 149 carbon sink strength 43 carotenoids 80 Carpinus cordata 88 carryover effects 35 CASIROZ 18, 87 Ceahlau National Park 28 Cedrus sp 83 cell differentiation 29 cement dust 125 chemical pollution 80 chlorophyll 80, 116 Cirsium heterophyllum 127 climatic change 17, 30, 34, 72, 93, 96, 99, 105, 120, 137, 140, 146 climatic extremes 17 clones 31, 117 CO2 76, 97, 138, 141 CO2 flux 106, 108 CO2 fumigation 40 condensed tannins 31 controlled-environment chambers 76 copper smelter 71, 89, 98 copper-nickel smelter 94 Cornus officinalis 39 critical levels 25, 147 critical limits 71 critical loads 52, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 70, 71, 72, 139, 140 Croatia 91, 130 Cryptomeria japonica 151 Czech Republic 55, 127, 133, 145 defoliation 23, 47, 59, 91, 111, 114, 115, 129, 133 deposition 132 diffusive samplers 145 discoloration 59 discriminant analysis 27 dissolved organic carbon (DOC) 48, 53 disturbance 53 drought 23, 30, 43, 78, 84, 96, 111, 112, 124 drought summer 2003 29 dry deposition 59 157 dump 50 dust 83 dynamic modeling 64, 139, 140 ecosystem structure and services 109 ecosystem-level effects 95 ectomycorrhiza 34, 75, 98 eddy covariance 119 eddy flux 110 effective flux 22 elevated CO2 20, 42, 51, 84, 96, 105 elevated temperature 32 emission decline 94 emission scenarios 141 endophytic fungus 104 energy flux 108 environmental gradient 73 environmental stress 27 epicuticular waxes 133 ergosterol 75 Erythrina orientalis 116 Estonia 92 ethylene biosynthesis 103 EuroFACE 35, 40 Europe 61, 63, 67, 68 eutrophication 142 evapotranspiration 76, 108 exceedance 47, 58, 62, 68, 70, 72, 131, 139 Fagus grandifolia 45 Fagus sylvatica 18, 19, 24, 37, 43, 60, 87, 91, 97, 103, 104, 105, 110, 127, 128, 130, 132, 133, 147 feedback 135 ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) 77 fertilization 130 fiber 84 field experiment 117 fine particulate matter 134 fine roots 24, 34, 75 Finland 32, 48, 77, 90, 94, 95, 99, 126, 129 fire 53, 65, 93 flavonoids 31 fleck light 37 flow assessment 136 fluctuating asymmetry 27 fluorescence transient 19 fluorine 50 fluorometry 46 foliar analysis 47, 54, 129, 134 forest condition 59, 61, 113 forest decline 118 forest ecosystems 42, 47, 58, 72, 107, 139 forest floor 56 forest growth modeling 137 forest soil 62 forest vitality 133 fractionation 148 France 121, 122 Fraxinus excelsior 19, 147 free air carbon enrichment (FACE) 35, 40, 51, 92 free ion activity 71 freezing injury 36 fructification 102, 112 GAINS-Italy 141 Gamasina 50 gas exchange 77, 86 gene expression 96, 97, 103, 104, 105 gene expression profiling 101 genetic variation 99, 100 genotype 102 geographic information system (GIS) 91, 113, 151 geographical variation 95, 109 geostatistics 149 Geranium sylvaticum 127 Germany 24, 37, 70, 97, 102, 103, 104, 105, 110, 113, 122, 123, 128, 146, 149 Ginkgo biloba 39 global change 17 global warming 30, 90 greenhouse experiment 36 Gremmeniella abietina 129 gross primary production (GPP) 143 ground vegetation 111 ground vegetation composition 111 growing season 48 growth 36, 43, 82, 85, 93 heavy metals 50, 58, 67, 71, 75, 83, 89, 98, 121, 122, 125, 134 high-altitude forest 93, 133 hot water-soluble carbon 53 Hungary 132 ICP Forests 44, 47, 48, 52, 57, 58, 61, 63, 70, 72, 111, 117, 127, 131, 132, 146 ICP Integrated Monitoring 63, 67, 115, 133 ICP Modelling and Mapping 63, 68 industrial pollution 94, 109 integrated assessment modeling 141 international collaboration 63 invisible injury 118 irrigation 23 isoprene 21, 100 Italy 19, 38, 40, 44, 78, 105, 107, 108, 119, 131, 141, 142, 143, 144, 147 Japan 51, 88, 151 Jizerske hory Mts 127, 145 K2SO4 extracted carbon 53 Kola Peninsula 71, 94 Korea 33, 39 lakes 139 Larix decidua 18 158 Larix kaempferi 151 leaf morphology 27 leaf nitrogen allocation 35 leaf size 94 leaf structure 32, 85 Letharia vulpina 69 lichens 69 light 130 light use traits 88 lignin 20 Liriodendron tulipifera 39 Lithuania 111, 112, 114, 115, 125 litterfall 56, 111 Lombardy 143 long-term field study 126 long-term monitoring 49, 72, 107 long-term research 106 lysimeter 97 Madrid 26, 83 Magnolia hyporeuca 88 malondialdehyde (MDA) 133 Mediterranean ecosystems 64, 65 Mediterranean evergreen forest 25 Mediterranean macchia 108 mercury 148 mesophyll cell 116 meta-analysis 95, 109 metal bioaccumulation 123 metal compartmentation and complexation 79 Mexico 73 microbial biomass carbon 53 microbial response 71 microclimate 86 microscopic injury 26, 41, 79, 83 minirhizotron 24 mixed conifer forest 41 mixed forests 45, 110, 128 modeling 49, 65, 135, 143, 146 monitoring 47, 49, 52, 55, 123 monoterpene 21 mortality 23, 24 mosses 121, 122, 123, 126 mycelium 75 mycorrhizal fungi 89 needle anatomy 28 needle morphology 23 net ecosystem exchange (NEE) 106, 143 net photosynthetic rate 116 Nicotiana tabacum Bel W3 144 nitrate leaching 47, 56 nitrogen 36, 60, 68, 70, 75, 121 nitrogen allocation 51, 88 nitrogen cycle 47, 135 nitrogen deposition 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 58, 59, 61, 64, 65, 67, 69, 72, 78, 114, 122, 131, 139, 140, 142 nitrogen excess 64 nitrogen fertilization 60, 88 nitrogen fixation rate 51 nitrogen metabolism 124 nitrogen processing 56 nitrogen retention 56 NO2 exposure 78 non-photosynthetic nitrogen 35 non-stomatal flux 108 North America 61 North Rhine-Westphalia 113, 149 northern ecosystems 126 NOx 45 nutrient cycling 49 nutrients 125, 129, 130 Ontario 45 open-air exposure field 77 open-air fumigation 97 open-field experiment 90 open-source software 123 open-top chambers (OTC) 19, 25, 30, 84, 117, 147 Ore Mountains 55 Oregon 73 organic carbon 148 ozone 18, 19, 20, 22, 24, 25, 26, 31, 32, 39, 41, 58, 59, 76, 77, 79, 81, 82, 83, 90, 96, 97, 103, 104, 115, 116, 117, 127, 133, 138, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 151 ozone exposure 108, 150 ozone flux 21, 25, 87, 108, 110, 119, 147 ozone uptake 128, 138, 150 passive sampler 144 pathogen 97, 104 percolation water 48 permanent plots 47, 52, 72, 107 peroxides 81, 82 phenolic compounds 28, 103, 104 phenotypic traits 73 Philippines 116 phosphogyps 50 phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) 75 phosphorus 43, 60 photochemical smog 41 photosynthesis 19, 40, 51, 100, 105, 130 photosynthetic efficiency 46 photosynthetic properties 33 physiological processes 118 Picea abies 18, 29, 37, 43, 48, 55, 59, 75, 102, 106, 110, 118, 120, 128, 133, 134 Picea sp 136 pinning method 29 Pinus cembra 18, 74, 86 Pinus densiflora 151 Pinus halepensis 25 Pinus jeffreyi 73 Pinus lambertiana 73 Pinus pinea 83 159 Pinus ponderosa 41, 73, 76 Pinus sp 114 Pinus strobus 45 Pinus sylvestris 23, 48, 53, 56, 57, 89, 111, 112, 115, 124, 125, 129 Platanus occidentalis 33 Platanus x hybrida 83 point polluters 95 Poland 27, 59, 75, 89, 98, 120, 136 pollen germination 112 pollution gradient 65, 94, 124, 125 pollution pathway 134 Polytrichum juniperinum 126 Populus 79, 96, 143 Populus alba 35, 40 Populus deltoides 98 Populus deltoides x nigra 98 Populus maximowiczi x trichocarpa 98 Populus maximowiczii Henry x P berolinensis Dippel 38 Populus nigra 19, 35, 40, 147 Populus sp 117, 143 Populus tremula 32, 36, 90, 101 Populus tremula x P tremuloides 31, 36, 92 Populus tremuloides 18 Populus x euramericana 35, 40 potassium 43 precipitation 91, 94, 148 precipitation chemistry 131 provenances 30, 105 Prunus avium 19 Prunus ssiori 88 Pterocarpus indicus 116 Pyrenees 121 pyrite ash 50 quantum yield 19, 33 Quebec 45 Quercus coccifera 25 Quercus ilex 25, 26, 53, 57, 83, 119 Quercus mongolica 88 Quercus petraea 30, 80, 100, 150 Quercus pubescens 30, 100 Quercus pyrenaica 53, 57 Quercus robur 19, 30, 84, 100, 132, 147, 150 radial growth 133 RAINS-Italy 142 reducing power 22 Regional Air Pollution Information and Simulation (RAINS) 141 regression-kriging 149 regulations 66 research and publication biases 109 resorption efficiency ratio 60 resorption proficiency 60 resource allocation 102 Rhone valley 23 risk areas 145 risk assessment 38, 147, 151 river chemistry 44 Robinia pseudoacacia 51 Rocky Mountains 46 Romania 28, 50, 80 roof experiment 111, 112 root 130 root growth 101 Rubisco 31 Rubus idaeus 127 runoff pathways 148 runoff water 131 Russia 71 saccharides 80 salicylates 31 São Paulo 85 seasonal variability 114, 115, 136 seedlings 120 Seoul 33, 39 shikimate pathway 103 shoot growth 23 shoot length 94 Silesian Beskid Mts 136 silkworm 82 simple mass balance equation 62 single and combined effects 81, 82 Slovakia 72, 118, 137 Slovenia 29 sluggish stomata 37, 87 snow melt 148 soil 125 soil acidification 30, 52, 64 soil chemistry 55 soil contamination 89, 114 soil fauna 95 soil microorganisms 75 soil profile 148 soil respiration 53, 146 soil solution 55 soil temperature 24, 53 soil water 24, 48, 53 Spain 25, 26, 53, 57, 83, 93, 117, 121 species richness 89, 95 specific leaf area 126 stable carbon isotopes 78, 90 stable nitrogen isotopes 45 stable oxygen isotopes 78 stem 130 stem respiration 74 stemflow 136 stomata 39, 116, 143 stomata maximum and minimum aperture size 81 stomata opening and closing speed 81 stomatal conductance 22, 25, 33, 138 stomatal flux 108 stomatal uptake 119 160 sulfur 75 sulfur deposition 59, 61, 67, 114, 139 sulfur dioxide 54, 116 sun and shade leaves 104 survival rate 82 sustainable forest management 66 Sweden 140, 148 Switzerland 19, 23, 38, 43, 46, 47, 52, 78, 100, 106, 134, 140 temperature 77, 94 throughfall 48, 56, 57, 59, 131, 136 tissue quality 84 total organic carbon 53 traffic 83, 134 transpiration 128 transpiration model 137 tree condition 111 tree growth 78 tree rings 29, 45 treeline ecotone 74, 86 tropospheric ozone 38 Turkey 49, 54 Ulmus sp 83 uncertainty 139 urban pollution 26, 33, 83, 85, 116, 116 USA 41, 46, 62, 63, 64, 65, 69, 73, 138 UV-absorbing compounds 126 Viburnum lantana 19 visible injury 26, 38, 39, 41, 79, 83, 117, 125, 127, 144, 147 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) 21, 32, 58 water chemistry 136 water cycle 37, 132 water vapor 92 water-use efficiency 23 watershed 44, 139, 148 watershed hydrology 49 web-based technology 113 WebGIS 123 wet deposition 59 wintertime 48 Wisconsin 138 wood formation 74 xylem 29 xylem sap flow 37, 110, 128 Zelkova serrata 39 zinc 79 161 .. .Air Pollution and Climate Change at Contrasting Altitude and Latitude 23rd IUFRO Conference for Specialists in Air Pollution and Climate Change Effects on Forest Ecosystems Murten, Switzerland... 2008 Air Pollution and Climate Change at Contrasting Altitude and Latitude 23rd IUFRO Conference for Specialists in Air Pollution and Climate Change Effects on Forest Ecosystems Murten, Switzerland,... 2008 Air Pollution and Climate Change at Contrasting Altitude and Latitude 23rd IUFRO Conference for Specialists in Air Pollution and Climate Change Effects on Forest Ecosystems Murten, Switzerland,