Treatment Section II 151 Oral Assessment Instruments and Materials • Mouth props or gags, which can be placed between the maxillary and mandibular canines or cheek teeth to keep the mouth open during dental procedures (placing spring loaded props between canines is generally not recommended due to potential for iat- rogenic damage to the teeth and/or temporoman- dibular joints (fi gs. 6.2 a,b). • Illuminated dental magnifi cation telescopes (fi g. 6.3 ). • Dental mirror (fi g. 6.4 ) • Sterile instrument holders (fi gs. 6.5 a,b) • Operator safety equipment (goggles, mask, gloves) (fi g. 6.6 ) • Dental radiography (fi g. 6.7 ) ᭺ unit for exposure ᭺ fi lm, digital sensor or CR phosphor plate ᭺ processor — analog (chairside, or automatic) or digital • Dental explorer (fi g. 6.8 ) • Periodontal probe (fi g. 6.9 ) • Charts for dental examination • Dental models (fi gs. 6.10 a,b,c) Oral Treatment and Prevention Instruments and Materials • Ultrasonic scaler with multiple tips (fi gs. 6.11 a,b) • Polishing equipment — disposable polishing angle, polishing paste (fi g. 6.12 ) • Gracey curette feline mini 1/2, 5/6, 9/10, 13/14 (Cislak) • Molt periosteal elevator (fi gs. 6.13 a,b,c) • Freer periosteal elevator (fi g. 6.14 ) Equipment Chapter 6 Acquiring the proper equipment to perform feline den- tistry is one of the wisest investments a practitioner can make. There is no other branch of small animal practice wherein a relatively modest fi nancial investment can provide such benefi t to the patient, client, and practice (fi g. 6.1 ). Choosing how much equipment, materials, and edu- cation to obtain is an individual decision. If feline den- tistry is only a small part of the practice, the veterinarian may want to acquire only basic equipment and materi- als. If advanced dentistry is the goal, additional instru- ments, materials, and training are needed. Education Tools • Veterinary Dental Techniques, Holmstrom et al., Saunders, 1999 • Veterinary Dentistry: Principles and Practice, Wiggs and Loprise, Lippincott, 1998 • Small Animal Dental Equipment, Materials, and Techniques, Bellows, Blackwell, 2004. • An Atlas of Veterinary Dental Radiology, DeForge and Colmery, Iowa State University Press, 1999 • Atlas of Canine & Feline Dental Radiography; Mulligan, Aller, and Williams; Veterinary Learning Systems; 1998 • An Introduction to Veterinary Dentistry; Johnston; an interactive multimedia CD - ROM dental educa- tion course comprised of six chapters, including video clips; www.vetschools.ac.uk • The Journal of Veterinary Dentistry • Veterinary Dentistry, Harvey and Emily, Mosby, 1993 • The Practice of Veterinary Dentistry: A Team Effort, Bellows, Iowa State University Press, 1999 • Atlas of Dental Radiography in Dogs and Cats, DuPont and DeBowes, Saunders, 2009. 152 Figure 6.1 Four - station dental operatory, All Pets Dental, Weston, Florida (Midmark manufacturing case work and dental stations). a b Figure 6.2 a. Leopold mouth gag (Cislak). b. Proper placement of mouth gag between canines. Figure 6.3 Magnifi cation and illumination telescopes (Perioptix). Figure 6.4 Dental mirror. a b Figure 6.5 a. Sterile instrument pouch. b. Sterile extraction pack. Figure 6.6 Operator safety equipment. Figure 6.7 Intraoral radiology. 153 154 Figure 6.8 Dental explorer (Cislak). Figure 6.9 Periodontal probe (Cislak). a b c Figure 6.10 Dental teaching models: a. Henry Schein. b. Columbia Denti- form. c. Shipp Laboratories. 155 a b Figure 6.11 a. Ultrasonic scaler (Midmark). b. Piezoelectric tips. 156 Figure 6.12 Low - speed polishing handpiece with disposable polishing tip. a b c Figure 6.13 Molt periosteal elevators: a. Peri EX - 9 small (Cislak). b Peri EX - 9 Large (Cislak). c. Peri EX - 7 Large (Cislak). Figure 6.14 Freer periostal elevator (Cislak). Equipment 157 • Winged - tipped elevators (fi gs. 6.15 a,b,c,d,e) • Extraction forceps (fi gs. 6.16 a,b) • Caries curette (fi g. 6.17 ) • Root tip elevator (fi gs. 6.18 a,b) • High - speed/low - speed delivery system (Ultima Dental) (fi g. 6.19 a) • High - speed, low - speed handpiece with contra angle attachment (fi gs. 6.19 b,c) • Assortment of burs: round, inverted, pear, fi ssure (fi g. 6.20 ) • Home care products Figure 6.15 a – d. Wing - tipped elevators (EXW1 - 4 Cislak). e. Short - handle, wing - tipped elevator set (Miltex). a b c d e a b Figure 6.16 a and b. Extraction forceps (Cislak). Figure 6.17 Caries curette (Cislak). a b Figure 6.18 a and b. Root tip elevators (Cislak). 158 [...]... block The mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve exits the foramen ovale, dividing into the anterior and posterior branches The posterior divides into the lingual and mandibular nerves The mandibular nerve reenters the mandibular foramen on the medial surface just rostral to the angle of the mandible to occupy the mandibular canal The mandibular nerve can be anesthetized by intraoral or extraoral techniques... The mandibular nerve is located 0.5–1 cm from the ventral border of the mandible The mandibular nerve block will desensitize the mandibular body, the lower portion of the mandibular ramus, all mandibular teeth on the same side, the floor of the mouth, the rostral two thirds of the tongue, the gingiva on the lingual and labial/buccal surfaces of the mandible, and the mucosa and skin of the lower lip and. .. the turbine can be easily replaced To clean and lubricate the low-speed handpiece and attachments, use the following steps: 1 Place the working end of the handpiece into a small bottle of handpiece-cleaning solvent 2 Power the handpiece backward and forward for one minute 3 Remove the handpiece from the cleaner and wipe dry 4 Periodically, disassemble the handpiece, using the special wrench furnished... (eds) BSAV Manual of A Canine and Feline Head, Neck and Thoracic Surgery BSAVA, Gloucester, 2005; 16–24 Robinson J Dental instrumentation and equipment In: Tutt C, Deeprose J, Crossley D (eds) BSAV Manual of A Canine and Feline Dentistry, 3rd ed BSAVA, Gloucester, 2007; 67–76 Wiggs RB, Lobprise HB Dental equipment, basic materials and supplies, Veterinary Dentistry Principles and Practice, Lippincott-Raven,... fluid lines can develop a biofilm of potentially harmful viruses and bacteria Chlorhexidine can be used to flush the fluid lines, thus decreasing the viral and bacterial load 168 Feline Dentistry Further Reading Deeprose J Operator safety and health considerations In: Tutt C, Deeprose J, Crossley D (eds) BSAV Manual of Canine and A Feline Dentistry, 3rd ed BSAVA, Gloucester, 2007; 56–66 Gorrel C, Penman... removal of plaque and calculus from the exposed root surface (subgingival scaling root planing) and gingival curettage Stage 3 established periodontitis exists when 25% to 50% of the periodontal support is lost The prognosis is better when there are nonpocket defects compared to pocket defects, which readily accumulate oral debris after the oral assessment, treatment, and prevention (Oral ATP) visit... instruments and should be cleaned and sterilized before each use To remove debris lodged in the bur head, the bur is removed from the handpiece then rinsed, brushed free of debris with a nylon or wire bur brush (or pencil eraser) and soaked in a cold sterile solution for 24 hours Equipment Maintenance Dental handpieces are precision instruments and must be maintained properly to ensure optimal operation and. .. High-/low-speed delivery system (Ultima Dental) b Highspeed handpiece c Low-speed handpiece with contra angle and polishing attachment (circled) (Midmark manufacturing whip style) Figure 6.20 Assorted high-speed burs 159 160 Feline Dentistry Endodontic Instruments and Materials • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • K-files 21 mm long, width sizes 8 to 40 23 gauge and 27 gauge blunted endodontic needles Sodium hypochlorite... efficiency and the tip should be replaced The magnetostrictive types of ultrasonic tips are changed with a pull-out/push-in action O-rings are used in the handpiece and on the instrument to provide a tight fit and a seal to prevent water leakage Piezocelectric scalers require a wrench to unscrew one tip and to replace it with another Magnetostrictive inserts and piezoelectric tips should be cleaned and sterilized... balances the instrument in the operator ’s hand to provide stability and control by keeping the index finger and thumb separated 2 The ultrasonic instrument should be grasped lightly, not tightly It should feel balanced in the hand, with minimal pull from the handpiece cord The handpiece, not the hands, must be allowed to do the work The handpiece is balanced on the index or middle finger A modified pen grasp . burs. 160 Feline Dentistry Endodontic Instruments and Materials • K - fi les 21 mm long, width sizes 8 to 40 • 23 gauge and 27 gauge blunted endodontic. wear can be evaluated using a chart which 1 62 Feline Dentistry Figure 6 .22 Proper fi nger position. Figure 6 .23 Adjusted mist for ultrasonic scaling.