LPIC 1 LPIC 1 NASH NASH The only guide you need for LPIC 1 exam success . . . You’re holding in your hands the most comprehensive and effective guide available for the Linux Professional Institute Certification 1 exams. Veteran Linux administrators Jason and Angie Nash deliver incisive, crystal-clear explanations of every topic covered, highlighting exam-critical concepts and offering hands-on tips that can help you in your real-world IT career. Throughout, they provide pre-tests, exam-style assessment questions, scenario problems, and computer-based lab exercises—everything you need to master the material and pass the exams. Shelving Category: Certification/Linux Reader Level: Beginning to Advanced System Requirements: PC with a Pentium processor running at 90 MHz or faster; 20MB+ RAM; CD-ROM drive ISBN 0-7645-4772-0 $59.99 USA $89.99 Canada £44.99 UK incl. VAT Master the material for Linux Professional Institute exams 101 and 102 Test your knowledge with assessment questions, scenarios, and labs Practice on state- of-the-art test- preparation software “The ultimate reference guide to LPI Level 1 certification, packed with useful tips and self-assessment features.” —Tim Sosbe, Editorial Director, Certification Magazine ,!7IA7G4-fehhca!:p;p;T;T;t www.hungryminds.com 100% ONE HUNDRED PERCENT COMPREHENSIVE AUTHORITATIVE WHAT YOU NEED ONE HUNDRED PERCENT *85555-AFDHHj 100% COMPREHENSIVE Covers LPI exams 101 and 102 LPIC 1 LPIC 1 Bible Test-prep material on CD-ROM Labs include complete installation instructions for Red Hat and Debian About the Authors Angie Nash is IT Consultant for her own firm, Tarheel Solutions. She has her LPIC 1 certification and works primarily with Linux and Microsoft operating systems to provide solutions for small businesses. Jason Nash is a LPIC 1–certified independent consultant experi- enced with Linux, Solaris, and several BSD variants. He has written several books for the Microsoft world, but now spends most of his time in Linux and BSD. Angie Nash and Jason Nash Get complete coverage of the LPIC 1 exam objectives as you learn the ins and outs of: • Administering the system • Using the shell • Installing software • Processing text • Managing network services • Using shells and scripts • Using documentation • Using X • Managing users and groups • Installing Linux • Working with the kernel • Printing • Networking fundamentals • Managing security • Understanding the boot process • Managing files • Using partitions and file systems • Hungry Minds test engine powered by top-rated Boson Software • Linux FAQs and HOWTOs for exam preparation • A searchable e-version of the book Learn to set up graphical window managers Hungry Minds Test Engine powered by Certification “The ultimate reference guide to LPI Level 1 certification, packed with useful tips and self-assessment features.” —Tim Sosbe, Editorial Director, Certification Magazine ▲ Test-Prep Material on CD-ROM Linux Professional Institute, www.lpi.org LPIC 1 Certification Bible 4772-0 FM.F 5/14/01 4:20 PM Page i 4772-0 FM.F 5/14/01 4:20 PM Page ii LPIC 1 Certification Bible Angie Nash and Jason Nash Best-Selling Books • Digital Downloads • e-Books • Answer Networks • e-Newsletters • Branded Web Sites • e-Learning Indianapolis, IN ✦ Cleveland, OH ✦ New York, NY 4772-0 FM.F 5/14/01 4:20 PM Page iii LPIC 1 Certification Bible Published by Hungry Minds, Inc. 909 Third Avenue New York, NY 10022 www.hungryminds.com Copyright  2001 Hungry Minds, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book, including interior design, cover design, and icons, may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, by any means (electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Control Number: 2001090743 ISBN: 0-7645-4772-0 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1P/RY/QW/QR/IN Distributed in the United States by Hungry Minds, Inc. Distributed by CDG Books Canada Inc. for Canada; by Transworld Publishers Limited in the United Kingdom; by IDG Norge Books for Norway; by IDG Sweden Books for Sweden; by IDG Books Australia Publishing Corporation Pty. Ltd. for Australia and New Zealand; by TransQuest Publishers Pte Ltd. for Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and Hong Kong; by Gotop Information Inc. for Taiwan; by ICG Muse, Inc. for Japan; by Intersoft for South Africa; by Eyrolles for France; by International Thomson Publishing for Germany, Austria, and Switzerland; by Distribuidora Cuspide for Argentina; by LR International for Brazil; by Galileo Libros for Chile; by Ediciones ZETA S.C.R. Ltda. for Peru; by WS Computer Publishing Corporation, Inc., for the Philippines; by Contemporanea de Ediciones for Venezuela; by Express Computer Distributors for the Caribbean and West Indies; by Micronesia Media Distributor, Inc. for Micronesia; by Chips Computadoras S.A. de C.V. for Mexico; by Editorial Norma de Panama S.A. for Panama; by American Bookshops for Finland. For general information on Hungry Minds’ products and services please contact our Customer Care department within the U.S. at 800-762-2974, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3993 or fax 317-572-4002. For sales inquiries and reseller information, including discounts, premium and bulk quantity sales, and foreign-language translations, please contact our Customer Care department at 800-434-3422, fax 317-572-4002 or write to Hungry Minds, Inc., Attn: Customer Care Department, 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard, Indianapolis, IN 46256. For information on licensing foreign or domestic rights, please contact our Sub-Rights Customer Care department at 212-884-5000. For information on using Hungry Minds’ products and services in the classroom or for ordering examination copies, please contact our Educational Sales department at 800-434-2086 or fax 317-572-4005. For press review copies, author interviews, or other publicity information, please contact our Public Relations department at 317-572-3168 or fax 317-572-4168. For authorization to photocopy items for corporate, personal, or educational use, please contact Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, or fax 978-750-4470. LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF W ARRANTY: THE PUBLISHER AND AUTHOR HAVE USED THEIR BEST EFFORTS IN PREPARING THIS BOOK. THE PUBLISHER AND AUTHOR MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS BOOK AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES WHICH EXTEND BEYOND THE DESCRIPTIONS CONTAINED IN THIS PARAGRAPH. NO WARRANTY MAY BE CREATED OR EXTENDED BY SALES REPRESENTATIVES OR WRITTEN SALES MATERIALS. THE ACCURACY AND COMPLETENESS OF THE INFORMATION PROVIDED HEREIN AND THE OPINIONS STATED HEREIN ARE NOT GUARANTEED OR WARRANTED TO PRODUCE ANY PARTICULAR RESULTS, AND THE ADVICE AND STRATEGIES CONTAINED HEREIN MAY NOT BE SUITABLE FOR EVERY INDIVIDUAL. NEITHER THE PUBLISHER NOR AUTHOR SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOSS OF PROFIT OR ANY OTHER COMMERCIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR OTHER DAMAGES. Linux Professional Institute and the LPI logo are trademarks of Linux Professional Institute, Inc. The Linux Professional Institute does not endorse any third party exam preparation material or techniques. For further details please contact info@lpi.org. Trademarks: All trademarks are property of their respective owners. Hungry Minds, Inc. is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. is a trademark of Hungry Minds, Inc. 4772-0 FM.F 5/14/01 4:20 PM Page iv About the Authors Angie Nash is an IT Consultant for her own firm, Tarheel Solutions. She works primarily with Linux and Microsoft operating systems to provide solutions for small businesses. Her free time is spent adding new products to her arsenal. She can be reached at angie@the-nashes.net. Jason Nash is an independent consultant experienced with Linux, Solaris, and several BSD variants. He has written several books for the Microsoft world, but now spends most of his time in Linux and BSD. He can be reached at jason@the-nashes.net. 4772-0 FM.F 5/14/01 4:20 PM Page v Credits Acquisitions Editors Nancy Maragioglio Katie Feltman Project Editors Brian MacDonald Kevin Kent Technical Editor Theresa Hadden-Martinez Copy Editor Kevin Kent Editoral Managers Ami Frank Sullivan Kyle Looper Project Coordinator Emily Wichlinski Graphics and Production Specialists Gabriele McCann Brian Torwelle Quality Control Technicians Andy Hollandbeck Susan Moritz Carl Pierce Charles Spencer Permissions Editor Laura Moss Media Development Specialist Megan Decraene Media Development Coordinator Marisa Pearman Proofreading and Indexing TECHBOOKS Production Services 4772-0 FM.F 5/14/01 4:20 PM Page vi This book is dedicated to two women who have made a profound impact on both our lives. The unconditional love and support that we have received from Marie Ward and Melva Hamby are always with us. 4772-0 FM.F 5/14/01 4:20 PM Page vii 4772-0 FM.F 5/14/01 4:20 PM Page viii Preface W elcome to the LPIC 1 Certification Bible. This book is designed to help you prepare for the Linux Professional Institute Certification Level 1 exams 101 and 102. The Linux Professional Institute is a distribution-independent, nonprofit organization. The exams are developed to certify an individual’s expertise with Linux systems. Level 1 certification is based upon many general tasks involving Linux systems. This book provides all the information you need to perform these tasks. Because of this, the book is useful as a study guide as well as a general Linux reference. We believe that this book will prove to be a useful tool when preparing for the LPIC exams and that you will want to keep it nearby as a handy resource while working with Linux systems. How This Book Is Organized This book is organized into four major parts, followed by several appendixes, a robust glossary, an index, and a compact disc. Here’s what you’ll find in this book: Part I: Installing Linux and Getting Started Part I presents basic information about Linux. It covers the basic installation and configuration of the Linux operating system. This part introduces the shell environ- ment and its usage. Finally, this part covers software installation, including the packaging systems used on Debian and Red Hat distributions. Part II: Getting Around in Linux Part II covers the basics of using Linux. This part explains many of the text process- ing tools available for Linux. Information on working with Linux partitions and file systems is also covered in this section. Another task required to get around in Linux is managing files and directories. This part introduces the commands most often used for this task. The documentation resources available to aid with the proper use of these commands and many of the tasks required on Linux are also covered here. Part II also explores the boot process, detailing the use of various configuration files and run levels. Finally, this part explores XFree86, the graphical user interface available for Linux. 4772-0 FM.F 5/14/01 4:20 PM Page ix [...]... 16 1 16 1 16 4 16 5 16 6 16 7 16 7 17 0 17 1 17 2 17 3 17 5 17 6 17 6 17 7 17 9 18 0 18 1 18 2 18 3 18 3 xxiii 4772-0 FM.F xxiv 5 /14 / 01 4:20 PM Page xxiv LPIC 1 Certification Bible Using the stream editor Using grep Enhancing Searches with Regular Expressions Assessment... Part II: Getting Around in Linux 10 3 10 4 10 4 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 7 11 8 11 9 12 7 13 2 13 7 14 1 14 4 14 5 14 5 14 7 15 3 15 3 15 3 15 5 15 7 Chapter 4: Processing Text 15 9 Working with Input and Output Redirection Pipes tee xargs ... 389 390 390 390 3 91 392 392 392 393 394 398 400 400 4 01 403 405 405 406 406 406 407 Chapter 11 : Administering the System 409 Starting and Stopping Daemons 411 Using the /etc/rc.d scripts 411 Using the kill command 412 xxvii 4772-0 FM.F xxviii 5 /14 / 01 4:20 PM Page xxviii LPIC 1 Certification Bible System Logging... 10 Linux Distributions 10 Red Hat 10 Mandrake 11 Debian 11 SuSE 11 Slackware 11 Caldera 11 Turbolinux 12 Preparing... 515 515 516 516 517 519 520 5 21 524 527 527 528 536 536 539 5 41 542 542 543 545 548 549 xxix 4772-0 FM.F xxx 5 /14 / 01 4:20 PM Page xxx LPIC 1 Certification Bible Assessment Questions Scenarios Answers to Chapter Questions Chapter Pre-Test Assessment Questions... studies for the LPI level 1 certification, you need to cover the basics of installing Linux and getting started This part will prepare you to move on to the next sections in the book Chapter 3 Installing Software ✦ ✦ ✦ 4772-0 PtO1.F 5 /14 / 01 8:46 AM Page 2 4772-0 Ch 01. F 5 /14 / 01 10:07 AM Page 3 1 C H A P T E R Installing Linux EXAM OBJECTIVES Exam 10 2 ✦ General Linux, Part 2 1. 1 Hardware & Architecture... 697 697 7 01 7 01 702 703 705 718 719 720 7 21 728 730 732 734 734 735 735 735 736 736 737 739 742 742 xxxi 4772-0 FM.F xxxii 5 /14 / 01 4:20 PM Page xxxii LPIC 1 Certification Bible Answers to Chapter Questions Chapter... 18 5 18 7 18 8 19 2 19 5 19 5 19 7 19 7 19 7 19 9 Chapter 5: Using Partitions and File Systems 2 01 Linux File Systems Overview File system types Considerations when making a file system Creating Partitions and File... 297 298 303 304 305 305 308 311 311 311 316 317 319 320 320 323 326 326 328 328 328 330 Chapter 9: Using X 3 31 Overview of the X Window System History of X Architecture overview Window managers Desktop... 203 204 206 207 207 208 212 212 215 216 217 218 218 219 220 222 225 225 228 228 228 229 Chapter 6: Managing Files 2 31 Managing Files Changing directories Listing directory contents Determining a file type Changing file time stamp . with us. 4772-0 FM.F 5 /14 / 01 4:20 PM Page vii 4772-0 FM.F 5 /14 / 01 4:20 PM Page viii Preface W elcome to the LPIC 1 Certification Bible. This book is designed. York, NY 4772-0 FM.F 5 /14 / 01 4:20 PM Page iii LPIC 1 Certification Bible Published by Hungry Minds, Inc. 909 Third Avenue New York, NY 10 022 www.hungryminds.com