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ping attribute
<a> (anchor) element, 160
<area> (Image Map Area) element, 173
placeholder attribute
<input> (input form control) element, 284
<textarea> (multiline text input)
element, 398
<plaintext> (plain text) element, 347–348
playback controls, for video, 78–79
pluginspage attribute, <embed> (embedded object)
element, 241
point-size attribute, <font> (font definition)
element, 247
ports, specifying in URLs, 790
position property, CSS, 596–597
poster attribute, <video> (video) element, 422
practices, vs. standards, 46–47
<pre> (preformatted text) element, 348–350
presentation
CSS as alternative to presentational HTML,
429–430
value of CSS for, 516–517
presentation elements, removed from
HTML5, 63–64
presentation levels module, CSS3, 615
printers, printer-specific CSS styles, 463–464
profile attribute, <head> (document head)
attributes, 261
programming languages, 47
progress element, web application features
supported in HTML5, 109
<progress> (progress indicator) element, 350–351
prompt attribute, <isindex> (index prompt)
attributes, 290
properties, CSS
aural style properties, 607–612
color-related, 776
CSS1 and CSS2.1, 542
handling illegal or unknown property values,
446–447
handling unknown, 445
overview of, 500–502
protocols, for negotiating resource-specific services,
788–789
pseudo-class selectors, CSS
activity-related, 490–491
document tree, 492–496
inline styles and, 460
interface state, 491–492
language, 497
link-related, 489–490
negation, 497
overview of, 487
summary of, 498–500
pseudo-element selectors, CSS, 484–488
:before and :after, 485–486
:first-letter and :first-line, 484–485
inline styles and, 460
list of, 488
overview of, 484
::selection, 485–486
pubdate attribute, <time> (time) element, 409
punctuation, character entities for, 741–742
Q
query strings, in URLs, 790
quirks mode, browser rendering modes, 39
<quote> (quote) element, 351–353
quotes property, CSS, 597
R
rad units, CSS3, 621
:read-only selector, CSS3, 620
:read-write selector, CSS3, 620
readonly attribute
<input> (input form control) element, 284
<textarea> (multiline text input) element, 398
rectangle methods, canvas element, 204
redesign, CSS and, 519
rel attribute
<a> (anchor) element, 160
<area> (Image Map Area) element, 173
<link> (link to external files or set
relationships) element, 304–310
relative URLs
<base> tag and, 795–796
overview of, 795
required attribute
<input> (input form control) element, 284
<textarea> (multiline text input)
element, 398
validation and, 104–105
:required selector, CSS3, 620
resize property, CSS3 browser-specific
features, 695–696
resolution, CSS3 media query values, 628
rev attribute
<a> (anchor) element and, 160
<link> (link to external files or set
relationships) element, 310
reversed attribute, <ol> (ordered list) element, 337
RGB color, browser-safe color and, 779–781
RGBa color, CSS3, 623
right property, CSS, 598
rightmargin attribute, <body> (document body)
element, 192
root directory, Web sites, 786
:root selector, CSS3, 619
rotate (angle) function, rotating drawings in
HTML5, 94
rows attribute
<frameset> (frameset definition) element, 256
<textarea> (multiline text input) element, 398
rows, <tr> (table row) element, 411–414
rowspan attribute
<td> (table data) element, 395
<tfoot> (table footer) element, 404
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<rp> (Ruby parentheses) element, 353–355
<rt> (Ruby text) element, 355–357
ruby-align property, CSS3 browser-specific features,
696–697
Ruby elements
<rp> (Ruby parentheses) element, 353–355
<rt> (Ruby text) element, 355–357
<ruby> (Ruby annotation) element, 357–359
Ruby module, CSS3, 615
ruby-overhang property, CSS3 browser-specific
features, 697
ruby-position property, CSS3 browser-specific
features, 698
<ruby> (Ruby annotation) element, 357–359
rules attribute, <table> (table) element, 388
rules, CSS, 432–433
handling malformed, 445–446
overview of, 521, 523–524
S
<s> (strikethrough) element, 359–360
s units, CSS3, 621
<samp> (sample text) element, 360–362
sandbox attribute, <iframe> (inline frame) element,
111, 273
scale (x,y) function, scaling drawings in
HTML5, 93–94
scan, CSS3 media query values, 628
scheme attribute, <meta> (meta-information)
element, 321
scope attribute
<td> (table data) element, 395
<tfoot> (table footer) element, 405
scoped attribute, <style> (style information)
element, 380
<script> (scripting) element
elements allowed within head element, 25–26
overview of, 362–365
scripts, <noscript> (no script support content)
element, 330–331
scroll attribute
<body> (document body) element, 192
<html> (HTML document) element, 268
scrollamount attribute, <marquee> (marquee
display) element, 317
scrollbar-3dlight-color property, CSS3 browser-
specific features, 698–699
scrollbar-arrow-color property, CSS3 browser-
specific features, 699
scrollbar-base-color property, CSS3 browser-specific
features, 699–700
scrollbar-darkshadow-color property, CSS3 browser-
specific features, 700–701
scrollbar-face-color property, CSS3 browser-specific
features, 701
scrollbar-highlight-color property, CSS3 browser-
specific features, 701–702
scrollbar-shadow-color property, CSS3 browser-
specific features, 702
scrollbar-track-color property, CSS3 browser-specific
features, 703
scrolldelay attribute, <marquee> (marquee display)
element, 317
scrolling attribute
<frame> (window region) element, 254
<iframe> (inline frame) element, 273
seamless attribute, <iframe> (inline frame)
element, 273
<section> (section) element, 69–70, 365–366
security attribute
<frame> (window region) element, 254
<iframe> (inline frame) element, 273
<select> (selection list) element, 366–369
selected attribute, <option> (option in selection list)
element, 341
::selection, CSS pseudo-element selectors, 485–486
::selection selector, CSS3, 619
selectors, CSS, 533–538
activity-related pseudo-classes, 490–491
adjacent sibling selectors, 478
attribute selectors, 479–483
class rules, 473–476
contextual selection, 476–478
direct descendent selector, 478
document tree pseudo-classes, 492–496
element selectors, 471
general sibling selectors, 479
id selectors, 471–473
interface state pseudo-classes, 491–492
language pseudo class, 497
link-related pseudo-classes, 489–490
list of, 533–538
list of core, 480
negation pseudo class, 497
overview of, 470, 533
page and media selectors, 538–539
pseudo-class selectors, 487, 498–500
pseudo-element selectors, 484–488
selectors module, CSS3, 615
semantics, in HTML5
indicating time and dates (time), 76
inserting figures (fig), 76–77
marking text in (mark), 75–76
for separating style from structure, 75
specifying navigation (nav), 77
server addresses, in URLs, 784–786
SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language)
content exclusion and inclusion, 804
HTML dialects defined using, 801
keywords, 805
markup languages defined with, 17
overview of, 16
shadow properties, canvas element, 203
shape attribute
<a> (anchor) element, 160
<area> (Image Map Area) element, 174
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shapes, drawing and styling in HTML5, 85–88
sibling selectors, CSS
adjacent sibling selectors, 478
general sibling selectors, 479
size attribute
<basefont> (base font) element, 183
<font> (font definition) element, 247
<hr> (horizontal rule) element, 261
<input> (input form control) element, 284
<select> (selection list) element, 368
<spacer> (extra space) element, 373
size property, CSS3 browser-specific features,
703–704
size relationships, CSS-HTML, 608–611
sizes attribute, <link> (link to external files or set
relationships) element, 310
sizes keyword, 529
<small text> (small text) element, 369–371
sound, <bgsound> (background sound) element,
185–186
<source> (source) element, 371–373
<spacer> (extra space) element, 373–374
spacing modifiers, character entities for, 741
span attribute
<col> (table column) element, 216
<colgroup> (table column group)
element, 218
<span> (text span) element
overview of, 374–376, 507–508
using with document tree pseudo classes,
494–496
special characters. See also character entities
encoding in URLs, 790–791
entities used for, 44
escape codes, 29
in filenames, 787
in HTML5, 60
speech module, CSS3, 616
spell checking (spellcheck attribute), in browsers,
115–116
spellcheck attribute, common HTML5 element
attributes reference, 146
spin boxes, 103
src attribute
<applet> (Java applet) element, 171
<area> (Image Map Area) element, 178
<bgsound> (background sound)
element, 186
<embed> (embedded object) element, 241
<frame> (window region) element, 254
<iframe> (inline frame) element, 273
<ilayer> (inflow layer) element, 275, 278
<input> (input form control) element, 284
<layer> (positioned layer) element, 297
<script> (scripting) element, 363
<source> (source) element, 372
<video> (video) element, 422
<xml> (XML data island) element, 424
Standard Generalized Markup Language. See SGML
(Standard Generalized Markup Language)
standards
HTML/XHTML, 14
vs. practices, 46–47
variability and, 518
web standards, 16–17
standards compliance mode
browser rendering modes, 39
HTML5 and, 58
limitations of, 48
standby attribute, <object> (embedded object)
element, 334
start attribute
<ilayer> (inflow layer) element, 278
<ol> (ordered list) element, 337
state preservation methods, canvas element, 200
step attribute, <input> (input form control)
element, 284
<strike> (strikeout text) element, 376–377
strings, CSS, 529–530
stroke methods, canvas element and, 85–86
<strong> (strong emphasis) element, 28, 377–379
structure, separating structure and style in
CSS, 514–515
style attribute, core element attributes, 137
style, separating structure and style in CSS, 514–515
style sheets
alternative, 464–465
comparing style sheet approaches, 453
defining media types for, 462–463
embedding, 456–458
importing, 458–459
linking to, 452–456
using for presentation, 516–517
<style> (style information) element
embedding style sheets, 456–458
embedding styles in document head
element, 526
importing style sheets, 458–459, 526–527
other elements allowed within head
element, 25–26
overview of, 379–381
<sub> (subscript) element, 381–383
summary attribute, <table> (table) element, 388
<sup> (superscript) element, 383–385
symbols
character entities for letter-like symbols, 744–745
character entities for miscellaneous
symbols, 748
character entities for technical symbols, 747
syntax, CSS, 432–438, 521, 523–524
syntax, HTML5
loose syntax, 58–60
overview of, 55–58
syntax, traditional HTML/XHTML, 3–6
T
tabindex attribute
common element attributes reference, 142
common HTML5 element attributes
reference, 146
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<input> (input form control) element, 284–285
<select> (selection list) element, 368–369
table-layout property, CSS, 598–599
<table> (table) element, 385–389
tables
<caption> (table caption) element, 208–210
<col> (table column) element, 214–216
<table> (table) element, 385–389
<tbody> (table body) element, 389–392
<td> (table data) element, 392–396
<tfoot> (table footer) element, 399–402
<th> (table header) element, 402–405
<thead> (table header) element, 405–408
<tr> (table row) element, 411–414
tags
not using invented, 60
rules regarding closing tags in HTML/
XHTML, 43
in tradition HTML/XHTML, 4
target attribute
<a> (anchor) element and, 163
<area> (Image Map Area) element, 174
<base> (base URL) element, 182
<form> (form for user input) element, 251–252
<link> (link to external files or set
relationships) element, 311
:target selector, CSS3, 619
<tbody> (table body) element, 389–392
<td> (table data) element, 392–396
technical symbols, character entities for, 747
television channels, URL form of, 794
telnet, 789
template layout module, CSS3, 616
text
<blink> (blinking text) element, 187–188
canvas API methods and properties, 206
CSS3 modules, 616
<del> (deleted text) element, 224–227
<ins> (inserted text) element, 287–289
keywords, 529
<mark> (marked text) element, 75–76, 314–315
marking in HTML5, 75–76
<multicol> (multiple column text) element,
325–326
<p> (paragraph) element, 343–345
<plaintext> (plain text) element, 347–348
<pre> (preformatted text) element, 348–350
<rt> (Ruby text) element, 355–357
<samp> (sample text) element, 360–362
<small text> (small text) element, 369–371
<span> (text span) element, 374–376, 494–496,
507–508
<strike> (strikeout text) element, 376–377
support in canvas element, 98–100
<textarea> (multiline text input) element,
396–399
<tt> (teletype text) element, 414–415
text-align-last property, CSS3 browser-specific
features, 704
text-align property, CSS, 599
text attribute, <body> (document body) element, 192
text-autospace property, CSS3 browser-specific
features, 704–705
text-decoration property, CSS, 599–600
text editors, for viewing markup locally, 8–10
text-fill-color property, CSS3 browser-specific
features, 705
text-indent property, CSS, 600
text-justify property, CSS3 browser-specific features,
705–706
text-kashida-space property, CSS3 browser-specific
features, 706–707
text-overflow property, CSS3 browser-specific
features, 707
text-rendering property, CSS3 browser-specific
features, 708
text-shadow property, CSS3 browser-specific
features, 708–710
text-stroke-color property, CSS3 browser-specific
features, 710–711
text-stroke-width property, CSS3 browser-specific
features, 711
text-transform property, CSS, 600–601
text-underline-position property, CSS3 browser-
specific features, 711–712
<textarea> (multiline text input) element, 396–399
<tfoot> (table footer) element, 399–402
<th> (table header) element, 402–405
<thead> (table header) element, 405–408
<time> (time) element, 76, 408–410
title attribute, core element attributes, 138
<title> (document title) element, 7, 23–24, 410–411
top attribute
<ilayer> (inflow layer) element, 275
<layer> (positioned layer) element, 297
Top-Level domains, 784–786
top property, CSS, 601–602
topmargin attribute, <body> (document body)
element, 192
<tr> (table row) element, 411–414
transform-origin property, CSS3 browser-specific
features, 715
transform property, CSS3 browser-specific features,
712–714
transform-style property, CSS3 browser-specific
features, 716–717
transformation methods, canvas element, 200
transforms, in HTML5, 95–96
transition-delay property, CSS3 browser-specific
features, 717–718
transition-duration property, CSS3 browser-specific
features, 718–719
transition property, CSS3 browser-specific
features, 717
transition-property property, CSS3 browser-specific
features, 719
transition-timing-function property, CSS3 browser-
specific features, 719–720
transitions, filter property and, 668–669
transitions module, CSS3, 616
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translate (x,y) function, translating drawings in
HTML5, 93–97
transparent keyword, CSS3 color units, 623
truespeed attribute, <marquee> (marquee display)
element, 317
<tt> (teletype text) element, 414–415
type attribute
<a> (anchor) element and, 163
<area> (Image Map Area) element, 174
<button> (button) element, 197
<embed> (embedded object) element, 241
<input> (input form control) element, 285
<li> (list item) element, 302
<link> (link to external files or set
relationships) element, 311
<menu> (menu list or command menu)
element, 319
<object> (embedded object) element, 334
<ol> (ordered list) element, 337
<param> (object parameter) element, 346
<script> (scripting) element, 364
<source> (source) element, 372
<spacer> (extra space) element, 373
<style> (style information) element, 380
<ul> (unordered list) attributes, 418
U
<u> (underline) element, 415–417
UI (user interface), CSS, 777
<ul> (unordered list) element, 28, 417–419
unclosed structures, handling in CSS, 446
Unicode, 748–749
unicode-bidi property, CSS, 602
uniform resource characteristics (URCs), 799
Uniform Resource Identifiers. See URIs (Uniform
Resource Identifiers)
uniform resource locators. See URLs (uniform
resource locators)
uniform resource names (URNs), 799
units attribute, <embed> (embedded object)
element, 241
units of measurement, CSS, 502–505, 527–528
unordered lists, 28, 417–419
URCs (uniform resource characteristics), 799
URIs (Uniform Resource Identifiers)
<!DOCTYPE> statement specifying, 18
data URIs, 791–794
overview of, 799
URLs (uniform resource locators), 783–799
<base> (base URL) element, 181–182
basics of locating objects on Internet, 783–784
challenges in use of, 796–798
data URIs, 791–794
directories, 786–787
emerging forms of, 794
encoding, 790–791
filenames, 787–788
fragment identifiers, 788
other addressing schemes, 798–799
overview of, 783
ports, 790
protocols, 788–789
query strings, 790
relative URLs, 795–796
server addresses, 784–786
usernames and passwords, 789
urn attribute, <a> (anchor) element, 163
URNs (uniform resource names), 799
usemap attribute
<ilayer> (inflow layer) element, 279
<input> (input form control) element, 285
<object> (embedded object) element, 334
user input, forms for, 249–252
user interface module, CSS3, 616
user interface (UI), CSS, 777
user-select property, CSS3 browser-specific features,
720–721
usernames, in URLs, 789
users, CSS styles, 466–467
UTF-8 character set, 25
V
:valid selector, CSS3, 620
validation
CSS, 447–450
of data entry on forms, 104–105
of DTD rules, 37–39
of web sites, 62
valign attribute
<caption> (table caption) element, 209
<col> (table column) element, 216
<colgroup> (table column group) element, 218
<tbody> (table body) element, 391
<td> (table data) element, 395
<tfoot> (table footer) element, 401, 405
<thead> (table header) element, 407
<tr> (table row) element, 414
value attribute
<button> (button) element, 197
HTML5 form fields, 105–106
<input> (input form control) element, 285
<li> (list item) element, 302
<meter> (scalar gauge) element, 324
<option> (option in selection list) element, 341
<param> (object parameter) element, 346
values and units module, CSS3, 616
values, CSS, 502–505
valuetype attribute, <param> (object parameter)
element, 346
<var> (variable) element, 419–421
Vector Markup Language (VML), 82
version attribute, <html> (HTML document)
element, 268
version history
CSS, 440–442, 522
HTML/XHTML, 14–16
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vertical-align property, CSS, 602–603
VGA display, 779
vh units, CSS3, 621
<video> (video) element, 78–80, 421–423
visibility attribute
<ilayer> (inflow layer) element, 275
<layer> (positioned layer) element, 297
visibility property, CSS, 603–604
vlink attribute, <body> (document body) element, 192
vm units, CSS3, 621
VML (Vector Markup Language), 82
volume attribute, <bgsound> (background sound)
element, 186
vspace attribute
<embed> (embedded object) element, 241
<input> (input form control) element, 285
<object> (embedded object) element, 334
<table> (table) element, 388
vw units, CSS3, 621
W
W3C Markup Validation Service, 37–38, 57
W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)
addressing area of, 794
core events, 147
CSS validator, 447
online references for DTDs, 807
web standards, 16
XHTML standard, 49
WAV files, audio support in HTML5, 80
<wbr> (word break) element, 423
web applications, support in HTML5
command element, 108
content editing (contenteditable attribute) in
browsers, 114–115
details element, 109–110
drag and drop functionality (draggable
attribute) added to browsers, 112–114
future of frames, 110–112
menu element repurposed, 106–108
meter and progress elements, 109
output element, 110
overview of, 106
spell checking (spellcheck attribute) in
browsers, 115–116
Web browsers. See browsers
web fonts module, CSS3, 616
Web Hypertext Application Technology Working
Group (WHATWG), 101
web markup
with HTML5, 62–63
madness, 62
XML style using XHTML, 49–52
Web pages
care in use of nonstandard color on, 771
CSS and ease of download, 518–519
handling page layout, 47
viewing markup locally, 8–10
viewing with Web server, 10–14
XML style using XHTML, 49–52
Web site directories, 786–787
weight attribute, <font> (font definition) element, 247
WHATWG (Web Hypertext Application Technology
Working Group), 101
white space characters, HTML/XHTML
sensitivity to, 42
white-space property, CSS, 512–513, 604
width attribute
canvas element and, 83
<col> (table column) element, 216
<colgroup> (table column group) element, 218
<hr> (horizontal rule) element, 261
<ilayer> (inflow layer) element, 275
<input> (input form control) element, 286
width attribute
<layer> (positioned layer) element, 297
<multicol> (multiple column text) element, 325
width attribute
<pre> (preformatted text) attributes, 349
<spacer> (extra space) element, 373
<table> (table) element, 388
<td> (table data) element, 395
<tfoot> (table footer) element, 405
width, CSS3 media query values, 628
width property, CSS, 605–606
windows property, CSS, 604–605
word-break property, CSS3 browser-specific
features, 721
word-spacing property, CSS, 606
word-wrap property, CSS3 browser-specific
features, 722
work break, <wbr> (word break) element, 423
World Wide Web Consortium. See W3C (World Wide
Web Consortium)
wrap attribute
<pre> (preformatted text) element, 349
<textarea> (multiline text input) element,
398–399
writing-mode property, CSS3 browser-specific
features, 722–723
WYSIWYG, 47
X
x coordinates, canvas element and, 83
(X)HTML. See also HTML 4; HTML5
applying styles to documents, 452
<body> (document body) element, 28–31
browsers and, 28–31
browsers ignoring unknown elements and
attributes, 44–45
case sensitivity, 41–42
character entities, 731–741
common element attributes reference, 139–142
common HTML5 element attributes reference,
142–146
content models and, 43
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(X)HTML. See also HTML 4; HTML5 (Continued)
core attributes reference, 135–138
CSS and, 506
CSS as alternative to pesentational HTML,
429–430
CSS-HTML size relationships, 608–611
div and span elements, 507–508
<!DOCTYPE> statement used to begin
documents, 18–19
doctype switch and browser rendering
modes, 39–41
document structure, 20–23
DTDs (document type definitions), 16–18
embedded styles, 456–458, 526
entities used for special characters, 44
event attributes reference, 146–154
flavors of, 133–135
future of, 48
head element, 23
hello world example, 6–8
vs. HTML in future, 47–48
imported styles, 459–459, 526–527
language attributes reference, 138
linked styles, 452–456, 524–526
logical and physical markup, 45–46
markup syntax in, 3–6
<meta> tags for specifying content type,
character set, and other information, 24–25
methods for including CSS styles in, 524
minimizing unused elements, 43
myths and misconceptions, 47–49
nesting elements, 43–44
other elements allowed within head
element, 25–26
overview of, 41
presentational, 429–430
quotes used with attributes, 44
standards vs. practices, 46–47
structures moved to CSS, 443
<title> (document title) element, 23–24
use of closing tags, 43
validation of DTD rules, 37–39
version history, 14–16
white space characters and, 42
XML web page markup style with
XHTML, 49–52
xmins attribute, <html> (HTML document)
element, 268
XML
keywords, 805
markup languages defined with, 17
using with HTML5, 60–61
web page markup style, 49–52
XHTML dialects defined using, 801
<xml> (XML data island) element, 424–425
xml:space attribute
<pre> (preformatted text) element, 349
<script> (scripting) element, 364
<style> (style information) element, 380
<xmp> (example) element, 425–426
Y
y coordinates, canvas element and, 83
Z
z-index attribute
<ilayer> (inflow layer) element, 275
<layer> (positioned layer) element, 297
z-index property, CSS, 607
zoom property, CSS3 browser-specific features, 724
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. in HTML/
XHTML, 43
in tradition HTML/ XHTML, 4
target attribute
<a> (anchor) element and, 163
<area> (Image Map Area) element, 174
<base>. 392–396
<tfoot> (table footer) element, 399–402
<th> (table header) element, 402–405
<thead> (table header) element, 405–408
<tr>
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