UNIT 4: IN THE MIND’S EYE 1 LISTENING 1. picture /’/ noun [count] a drawing, painting, or photograph: bức tranh I noticed a picture on the dining room wall. picture of: She showed me a picture of the house where she was born. draw/paint a picture: She asked children to draw pictures of their family. picture (verb) [transitive] to imagine something: tưởng tượng Try to picture what life was like back in those days. picture someone/yourself doing something: I pictured myself lying in the sun, a cool drink in my hand. picture someone/something as something: It was hard to picture him as a responsible husband and father. 2. memory /‘/ noun 1 [count] something that you remember: ký ức The memory of that night is still clear in his mind. memory of: I don’t have many good memories of my school days. 2 [singular] the ability to remember things: trí nhớ a memory test He searched his memory but couldn’t recall where he’d seen her before. memorize /’/ verb [transitive] to learn something so that you remember it perfectly: ghi nhớ, học thuộc In school we had to memorize Rudyard Kipling’s poem If. memorise /’/ a British spelling of memorize memorial /’/ adjective [only before noun] a memorial object, event, or prize is created to honor someone who has died: tưởng niệm, kỷ niệm a memorial garden for those who died in the war 3. ruin /’/ verb [transitive] to destroy or severely damage something: làm hỏng, làm tan nát You’ll completely ruin the flowers if you touch them. Any kind of dishonest dealing will ruin his career. ruin noun [count or uncount] the state of something that has been destroyed or severely damaged: sự đổ nát in ruins: Last month saw his dreams shattered and his business in ruins. 4. gone // adjective [never before noun] someone who is gone is no longer present in a place: đi khỏi I’ll be gone for about half an hour. Bob and his family have been gone about six months now. 5. decoration /,’/ noun [count] something nice that you put on or in something else to make it look more attractive: vật dung để trang trí Dad was putting up the Christmas decorations. decorate /’ / verb [transitive] to make something look more attractive by putting nice things on it or in it: trang hòang, trang trí Have you decorated your Christmas tree yet? decorate something with something: The room had been decorated with balloons. decorator noun [count] người trang trí nội thất decorative /’/ [adjective] intended to look attractive rather than be useful: dùng để trang trí, làm cái gì trông đẹp (hơn lên) a decorative border/motif The lighting in the room is functional as well as decorative. 6. realize /’/ verb [transitive] to gradually begin to understand something that you did not know or notice before: nhận thức được, hiểu ra I soon realized my mistake. realize (that): It was some time before he realized he’d offended them. realization /,’ / noun [singular or uncount] the process of understanding something, or the moment when this happens. Then came the sudden realization that he was in love with her. 1 7. come over phrasal verb [intransitive] to visit someone in the place where they are, especially their house: đến thăm Why don’t you come over for dinner? come over to: Come over to my place and we’ll discuss it. 8. recognize /’ / verb [transitive not usually progressive] to know who the person is, or what the thing is that you are seeing, hearing, etc. because you have seen, heard, etc. them before: nhận ra I hardly recognized you with a beard! I recognized the house from your description. recognition /,’ / noun [uncount] the ability to recognize a person or thing. She looked at me without a flicker of recognition in her eyes. 9. go on phrasal verb 1 [intransitive] to continue happening or doing something as before: tiếp tục The meeting went on a lot longer than I expected. We can’t go on like this any more. Things have got to change. go on with: Burton smiled and went on with his work. go on doing something: She can’t go on pretending that everything is okay when it clearly isn’t. 2 [intransitive] to happen: xảy ra I wonder what’s going on next door – they’re making a lot of noise. 10. take (verb) [transitive no passive] to need or require a particular amount of time: cần phải The journey from London to Oxford takes about an hour and a half. 11. fall // verb [intransitive] (past tense fell; past participle fallen) to move quickly downward from a higher position, usually by accident: rơi, rớt, té fall off/through/out of etc.: Ann’s just fallen downstairs and hurt her back. I keep falling off my bike. 12. hurt / / verb (past tense and past participle hurt) 1 [intransitive or transitive] to cause physical pain or injury: làm bị thương, làm đau You’re hurting my arm! These new boots hurt. hurt yourself doing something: Don’t hurt yourself exercising. 2 to cause someone emotional pain: xúc phạm I never meant to hurt your feelings. His cold behavior hurt her deeply. hurt noun [count or uncount] a feeling of emotional pain caused by someone’s behavior: nỗi đau đớn về tinh thần A mother tries to protect her child from hurt. hurt adjective 1 injured or feeling physical pain: Several people were hurt by flying glass. 2 feeling emotional pain, usually because of someone’s behavior: She left feeling angry and deeply hurt. hurt by: Andy was terribly hurt by his first marriage. 13. ankle /’/ noun [count] the part at the bottom of your leg where your foot joins your leg: mắt cá chân I fell and twisted my ankle. 14. rest // noun [singular] the people or things that remain: phần còn lại Jim had become separated from the rest and gotten completely lost. rest of: The rest of the gang’s leaders were either dead or in jail. 15. lodge // noun [count] a small simple house in the countryside that people stay in, for example when they go hunting or fishing: nhà nghỉ mùa 16. run into phrasal verb [transitive] run into someone to meet someone when you did not expect to: tình cờ gặp ai Guess who I ran into this morning? run into someone/something to hit someone or something by accident while you are driving: đụng ai / cái gì A truck ran into me (=hit my car) at the stop light this morning. 17. I’ll say OLD-FASHIONED used for expressing agreement or saying yes in a very definite way: “She’s very pretty.” “I’ll say!” 2 5 READING 18. childhood /’ / noun [count or uncount] the time of your life when you are a child: thời thơ ấu We spent our childhood in a small town in the mountains. happy childhood memories 19. accurate /’/ [adjective] correct or true in every detail: chính xác We need to get some more accurate information. accurately adverb accuracy // noun [uncount] the quality of being accurate: sự chính xác The accuracy of the reports cannot be verified (=checked). 20. self-taught / / [adjective] people who are self-taught have learned particular skills by themselves, instead of being taught by someone: tự học 21. native /’/ [adjective] [only before noun] 1 living in a particular country, area, or city since birth: bản xứ, quê hương My wife’s a native New Yorker, but I’m from Atlanta. Monique returns to her native France every summer. native land (=the country you were born in): After a long stay in England he’s back in his native land. your native language or TONGUE: tiếng mẹ đẻ 2 native abilities or qualities are those you have had since birth: bẩm sinh Pupils are encouraged to develop their native skills. native (noun) [count] someone who was born in a particular place: người quê quán ở, dân bản xứ native of: He’s a native of New Orleans but now lives in Miami. 22. draw // (past tense drew; past participle drawn) verb [intransitive or transitive] to create a picture by making lines with a pen or pencil: PAINT: vẽ Someone had drawn a map of the island. draw with: The kids had drawn on the sidewalk with some chalk. drawing /’ / noun 1 [count] a picture that someone has drawn: bức tranh drawing of: The children did drawings of themselves. 2 [uncount] the activity or skill of making pictures with a pen or pencil: việc vẽ tranh I’m not very good at drawing. 23. particular /’/ [adjective] 1 [only before noun] used for emphasizing that you are talking about one specific person or thing and not anyone or anything else: SPECIFIC: cụ thể Are there any particular topics that you would like me to explain further? 2 [only before noun] especially great: SPECIAL: đặc biệt Two matters need to be given particular attention. particularly [adverb] in a clear and specific way: một cách cụ thể, rõ ràng He particularly asked for you to be at the meeting. 24. pleasant /’/ [adjective] enjoyable or attractive in a way that makes you feel pleased and satisfied: thích thú, thú vị, dễ chịu Seattle is a very pleasant place to work. They spent a pleasant evening together. Well, this is a pleasant surprise! pleasantness /’ / noun [uncount] pleasantly /’/ adverb The hotel is pleasantly decorated throughout. — opposite UNPLEASANT 25. joy // noun 1 [uncount] a feeling of great happiness: niềm hân hoan There were tears of joy in her eyes. do something with/for joy: Penny could have shouted with joy. 3 joy at (doing) something: He could hardly contain his joy at seeing her again. to someone’s joy: To my joy, the meeting was canceled. 2 [count] something that makes you feel very happy or pleased: người hoặc cái làm ta thấy sung sứơng the joy of (doing) something: Discover the joys of skiing. be a joy to do something: It was a real joy to see the children playing happily together at last. joyful /’!/ [adjective] very happy joyfully adverb joyfulness noun [uncount] 26. flash /!/ noun [count] a sudden understanding or idea: sự lóe lên a flash of inspiration/insight/brilliance etc.: It’s a dull book, but there are occasional flashes of insight. flash verb [intransitive] if a thought flashes across your mind, it comes and goes very quickly: lóe lên flash across/through/into: The thought that I might die flashed through my mind. flash [adjective] involving a very quick process. flash freezing 27. urgency /’ / noun [uncount] the need to deal with something quickly: sự khẩn cấp Everyone agrees on the urgency of the situation. urgent /’/ [adjective] urgent things are things that you need to deal with immediately: gấp, khẩn cấp He had some urgent business to attend to. urgently adverb: A man was waving to them urgently. 28. static /’/ [adjective] if something is static, it does not move or change: trạng thái đứng yên, tĩnh Figures for housebreaking had dropped or remained static. statically /’ / adverb 29. direction /’/ noun [count] the path that someone or something moves along when going toward a place: hướng Are you sure we’re going in the right direction? in a southerly/easterly etc. direction (=toward the south, east etc.): The Mississippi River flows in a southerly direction. 30. inviting /’ / [adjective] something that is inviting is attractive and makes you want to experience it: quyến rũ, hấp dẫn an inviting outdoor pool invitingly adverb invite /’ / verb [transitive] to ask someone to come to see you or to spend time with you socially: mời How many people did you invite? invite someone to/for something: We’ve invited all the neighbors to a barbecue. invite someone to do something: They’ve invited me to eat at their house tonight. invitation /,’/ noun [count] a written or spoken request asking someone to spend time with you socially or to come to a social event: thiệp mời, lời mời The wedding invitations went out yesterday. invitation to: Nobody in the office had received an invitation to the party. 31. create /’/ verb [transitive] to make something new or original that did not exist before: tạo thành How do I create a new file? creation /’ / noun [uncount] the act of creating something. The government is to provide more money for job creation. creation of: the creation of Israel in 1948 creative /’ / [adjective] involving a lot of imagination and new ideas: sáng tạo the creative use of tax and incentives to achieve economic goals Painting is a creative process. creatively adverb 32. dreamy /’/ [adjective] 1 extremely pleasant or attractive: êm dịu the dreamy delights of a Mediterranean beach 2 a dreamy look, expression, etc. shows that you are thinking about something pleasant rather than paying attention:mơ màng 4 a dreamy smile dream // noun [count] something that you experience in your mind while you are sleeping: giấc mơ have a dream: I had some very strange dreams last night. in a dream: The idea came to him in a dream. dream (past tense and past participle dreamed or dreamt) verb [intransitive or transitive] to experience things in your mind while you are sleeping: mơ dream about: I was dreaming about a black cat. dream (that): He dreamed that he saw Rosa. 8 LISTENING 33. mystery /’/ noun [count] something that you are not able to understand, explain, or get information about: sự huyền bí, điều bí ẩn I just can’t think who she could have been – it’s a mystery. be a mystery to someone: Why she left is still a mystery to him. mystery adjective [only before noun] a mystery person or thing is someone or something that you do not know the name of or do not know anything about: huyền bí a mystery caller mysterious /’/[adjective] not explained or understood: huyền bí, bí ẩn They are investigating the mysterious disappearance of a young man. He was being very mysterious, and wouldn’t tell me what he was going to do. mysteriously adverb 34. incredible /’"/ [adjective] surprising or difficult to believe: khó tin They all have incredible stories to tell. incredibly /’"/ [adverb] used for saying that something is difficult to believe: một cách khó tin được Incredibly, his wife did not know the truth. 35. absent-minded /"’/ [adjective] likely to forget things or to think about something different from what you should be thinking about: FORGETFUL: đãng trí I’m getting more absent-minded as I get older. absent-mindedly adverb absent-mindedness noun [uncount] 36. defeat /’#/ verb [transitive] to win against someone in a game, fight, or election: BEAT: đánh thắng ai, vượt qua The Yankees defeated the Red Sox 2–1. defeat noun [count or uncount] failure to win a competition or succeed in doing something: sự thất bại Wisconsin suffered a 23–7 defeat by Illinois. opposite VICTORY 37. challenge /’/ verb [transitive] to invite someone to compete or fight: thách thức challenge someone to something: The girls challenged the boys to a game of basketball. challenge noun [count] an invitation to someone to compete or fight, especially in a sport: sự thách thức challenge for: Agassi returned to make a major challenge for the Wimbledon title. challenging /’/ [adjective] difficult to deal with or achieve, but interesting and enjoyable: đề ra những vấn đề thử thách năng lực của ai, kích thích a challenging and rewarding job challenger /’/ noun [count] người thách thức 38. title /’/ noun 1 [count] the name of a book, poem, movie, play, or other work of art: t ựa What’s the title of her new book? 2 [count] the position of a winner in a sports competition: danh hiệu vô địch She’s won several important singles titles this year. 39. basis /’"/ (plural bases /"/) noun [count] a particular method or system used for doing or organizing something: nền tảng, cơ sở on a basis: Rates of work are calculated on a weekly basis: Cơ sơ lao động được tính trên cơ sở hàng tuần. 5 40. insist /’/ verb [intransitive or transitive] to say very firmly that something must happen or be done: khẳng định, nhấn mạnh You must see a doctor immediately; I insist. insist (that): She insisted that we stay at her house instead of a hotel. insist on: Some companies insist on staff undergoing regular medical checks. insistence /’ / noun [uncount] a very firm statement that something must happen or that something is true. insistence on: We applaud the president’s insistence on tougher environmental laws. insistence that: Despite his insistence that he wasn’t involved, most people think he’s dishonest. insistent /’/ [adjective] saying very firmly that something must happen or that something is true: khăng khăng, nhất định insistent on: She was absolutely insistent on getting her money by tomorrow. insistent that: John was insistent that we shouldn’t tell anyone else about our plans. insistently adverb 41. visualize /’/ verb [transitive] to form a picture of someone or something in your mind: hình dung, mường tượng visualise a British spelling of visualize visualization /,’ / noun [uncount]: sự hình dung, mường tượng visual /’/ [adjective]: relating to sight:(thuộc) thị giác Make a careful visual examination of your skin for any cuts or bites. a visual handicap/impairment/acuity 42. photograph /’/ verb [transitive] to take a photograph of someone or something: chụp ảnh They were photographed shaking hands. photograph :noun [count] a picture of something that you make with a camera. In spoken language people usually say photo: bức ảnh take a photograph: We took lots of photographs on vacation. photograph of: Do you have a photograph of your children? photographer /’ / noun [count] someone who takes photographs, especially as their job: nhà nhiếp ảnh 43. mental /’/ adjective [only before noun] existing in the mind, relating to the mind: thuộc về, trong hoặc cho trí tuệ an enormous mental effort: một cố gắng về tinh thần rất lớn make a mental note of something: ghi nhớ cái gì trong đầu mentally adverb: He was in good health both physically and mentally. mentally ill 44. make up phrasal verb [transitive] to invent a story, poem, etc.: sáng tác The children made up a little poem and wrote it in the card. 45. random /’/ [adjective] chosen or happening without any particular method, pattern, or purpose: ngẫu nhiên, tùy tiện a random selection: sự tuyển lựa ngẫu nhiên randomly adverb randomness noun [uncount] 46. credit /’ / noun [uncount] praise for something you have done or achieved: sự khen ngợI, sự tán thành credit for: You deserve credit for making him change his mind. She was given the credit for what I had done: Chị ấy được khen ngợi về công việc tôi đã làm. 47. sponge /$ / noun [count] 1 a piece of a soft artificial or natural substance that is used for sucking up liquid, for cleaning things, or for washing yourself a bath sponge: miếng bọt xốp to để cọ người khi tắm sponge rubber: cao su xốp, mút 2 a sea animal whose light soft body is used for washing or cleaning things: bọt biển 48. folk // noun or folks [plural] people in general: người 6 A lot of folks are upset at the changes. folks [plural] SPOKEN used for talking to a group of people. Well, folks, what are we going to do today? Nào các cậu, chúng ta sẽ làm gì hôm nay đây? 49. reassure /,’ / verb [transitive] to make someone feel less worried about something: làm yên tâm I’m afraid there’s not much I can say to reassure you. reassure someone about something: new efforts to reassure the public about the safety of air travel reassure someone (that): She checked the bolts to reassure herself that the door was locked. reassurance /,’ / noun [uncount] the act of making someone feel less worried about something. The child looked at her mother for reassurance. reassuring / ,’/ [adjective] making you feel less worried: làm yên tâm a reassuring smile reassuringly adverb 9 VOCABULARY 50. brand-new /"%/ [adjective] extremely new: rất mới a brand-new car 51. well-dressed /&%/ [adjective] a well-dressed person is wearing good and fashionable clothes: ăn mặc hợp thời trang Her children are always very well dressed. 52. left-handed /’ / [adjective] someone who is left-handed is born with a natural tendency to use their left hand to do things, especially things such as writing: thuận tay trái My mom’s left-handed. a left-handed pitcher — opposite RIGHT-HANDED left-handed adverb He writes left-handed. left-handedness noun [uncount] 10 LANGUAGE IN ACTION: TRYING TO REMEMBER 53. tip // noun [count] a narrow or pointed end, especially of something long or thin: đầu đỉnh tip of: the tip of your nose/finger the southern tip of the island on the tip of one’s tongue if a word, name, etc. is on the tip of one’s tongue, he or she knows it but cannot remember it at the time of speaking: sắp nhớ ra His name is on the tip of my tongue, but I just can’t think of it: Tôi sắp nhớ ra tên anh ta nhưng vẫn chưa nghĩ ra là gì. 54. work for someone SPOKEN used for saying that you agree with a plan or like a particular idea. “If you don’t mind driving, I can read the map.” “That works for me.” 55. (just) in case (…) in order to be prepared for something that may happen: ngộ nhỡ It may rain - you’d better take an umbrella (just) in case (it does): Trời có thể mưa - anh nên mang theo dù thì hơn (ngộ) nhỡ ra (trời mưa). 12 READING AND SPEAKING 56. cover /’$/ verb [transitive] or cover up to put one thing over another, in order to protect or hide it: phủ lên, che, bao bọc Cover the food until you are ready to eat it. cover someone/something with something: They covered her with a blanket. 57. salad dressing /’/ noun [count or uncount] a sauce that adds flavor to salads, usually made by mixing oil, VINEGAR, and HERBS or SPICES: dầu giấm 7 58. landmark /’ /or landmass /’ / noun [count] a famous building or object that you can see and recognize easily: mốc The Statue of Liberty is a very famous landmark. 59. item /’/ noun [count] an individual thing, usually one of several things in a group or on a list: khỏan, món customers who pay high prices for luxury items item of: Repairs were carried out on several items of equipment. 8 . UNIT 4: IN THE MIND’S EYE 1 LISTENING 1. picture /’/ noun [count] a drawing, painting, or photograph: bức tranh I noticed a picture on the dining. you invite? invite someone to/for something: We’ve invited all the neighbors to a barbecue. invite someone to do something: They’ve invited me to eat at their