... 6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture 1 2 6.002 CIRCUITS AND ELECTRONICS Basic Circuit Analysis Method (KVL and KCL method) 6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture 2 ... =+−+− GeGeeGVe KCL at 1 e 0)()()( 152402312 =−+−+− IGeGVeGee KCL at 2 l move constant terms to RHS & collect unknowns )()()( 10323211 GVGeGGGe =−+++ 140543231 )()()( IGVGGGeGe +=+++− i i R G
... 6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture
1
25
6.002
CIRCUITS
AND
ELECTRONICS
Violating the Abstraction Barrier
6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture
10
25
Why?
Consider
crosstalk!
1
R
0
R
DEMO
2
R
C
dt
dV
α
DEMO
ok
dt
dV
C
6.002 ... signals
characteristic
impedance
→R
T2
T
5
2.5
0
V5
0
V5
0
V5
6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture
6
25
Question: So why did our circuits work?
More in 6.014
t
V5
V5.2
3. Termination
P
a
r
a
l
l...
... 6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture
1
24
6.002
CIRCUITS
AND
ELECTRONICS
Power Conversion Circuits
and Diodes
6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture
10
24
Now consider — a half-wave ... Conversion Circuits (PCC)
Power efficiency of converter important,
so use lots of devices:
MOSFET switches, clock circuits,
inductors, capacitors, op amps, diodes
Reading: Chapter 16 and 4.4 of A & ...
u
s
e
r
es
i
s
t...
... switching
capacitor.
independent of f.
MOSFET ON half
the time.
STATIC
P
DYNAMIC
P
constant time
"RC"
2
T
RR
ONL
>>
>>
Square wave input
f
T
1
=
Demo
Review
In standby mode, half
the gates ... 6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture
1
23
6.002
CIRCUITS
AND
ELECTRONICS
Energy, CMOS
6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture
10
23
For our previous example —
1,MHz100f,V5VF,f1C
S
===
“keep ... MOSFET...
...
1
22
6.002
CIRCUITS
AND
ELECTRONICS
Energy and Power
6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture
10
22
Putting the two together:
Energy dissipated in each cycle
2
S
2
S
CV
2
1
CV
2
1
+=
21
EEE
+=
C gdischargin & ... Lecture
13
22
We can show (see section 12.2 of A & L)
()
()
2
ONL
2
L
2
S
ONL
2
S
RR
R
fCV
RR2
V
P
+
+
+
=
fCV
R2
V
P
2
S
L
2
S
+=
when
R
L
>>
R
ON
What is for gate?
P
r
e
m
e...
... feedback
+
–
2
R
o
v
1
R
i
v
21
1
RR
Rv
v
o
+
=
+
21
1
RR
RV
v
S
+
=
+
21
1
RR
RV
v
S
+
−
=
−
So
Vv
+=
15
So
Vv
−=
15−
15
e.
g.
21
=
=
S
V
RR
5.7v
v)vv(
i
>
>=
−
+−
5.7−<
<
−
+
−
v
vv
i
v
6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture
11
21
Why is hysteresis useful?
e.g., ... disturbance to v
o
(noise).
Now, let’s build some useful circuits with
positive feedback.
+
>
−
γγif
stableeKv
positiveisT...
... resistor
i
R
v
I
→
O
O
v
d
t
dv
RC
>>
when
I
O
v
d
t
dv
RC
≈
dtv
RC
1
v
t
IO
∫
∞−
≈
or
IO
O
vv
d
t
dv
RC
=+
R
v
larger the RC,
smaller the
v
O
for good
integrator
ωRC >> 1
I
v
+
–
i
+
–
O
v
C
R
v
+
–
R
Demo
6.002 ... converters
Filters
Clock generators
Amplifiers
Adders
Integrators & Differentiators
Reading: Chapter 15.5 & 15.6 of A & L.
+
–
Review
∞ input resistanc...
... 6.002 CIRCUITS AND ELECTRONICS Introduction and Lumped Circuit Abstraction 6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture 1 1 ADMINISTRIVIA Lecturer: Prof. Anant Agarwal Textbook: Agarwal and Lang (A&L) ... let’s assume this 6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture 1 16 f r o m M a x we l V Must also be defined. s e e A & L So let’s assume this too V AB So V AB = ∫ AB E ⋅ dl defined when 0 = ∂ ∂ t B φ outside elemen...
... model
D
S
G
D
S
TGS
Vv <
G
TGS
Vv ≥
ON
R
D
S
G
e.g.
Ω= KR
ON
5
6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture
19
5
SR Model of MOSFET
MOSFET
S model
TGS
Vv ≥
TGS
Vv <
DS
i
DS
v
MOSFET
SR model
TGS
Vv ≥
TGS
Vv <
DS
i
DS
v
ON
R
1
D
S
G
D
S
TGS
Vv ...
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
s
t
r
uc
t
u
r
e
.
TGS
Vv <
TGS
Vv ≥
VV
T
1≈
typically
on
G
D
S
DS
i
G
off
D
S
6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture
14
5
Check the MOS device
on a scop...