... 1 A survey of American neurologists about brain death: understanding the conceptual basis and diagnostic tests for brain death Ari R Joffe*1,2, Natalie R Anton1, Jonathan P Duff1 and Allan ... loss of all functions of the brain, including the brainstem), and the empirical state of the brain diagnosed by the tests used to confirm BD We hypothesized that neurologists would not be aware of ... declaring BD and explaining it to families in the intensive care unit The tests of BD The tests for BD are performed to confirm that irreversible loss of all functions of the brain, including the brainstem,...